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2023-05-07

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U.S. Economy Adds 253K Jobs in April, Unemployment Drops to 3.4%

2023-05-06

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@Tiger_Earnings:Earnings Movers| Reasons For EL, SBUX, QCOM's Plunge and TECH's Rose

2023-05-06

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@Tiger_Wealth:25bps Rate Hike in May’s FOMC Meeting: Fed Pause on The Horizon

2023-03-21

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Risky Credit Suisse Bond Wipeout Upends $275 Billion Market

2023-02-26

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Buffett’s Annual Letter: Berkshire Will Always Hold a Boatload of Cash and U.S. Treasury Bills

2023-02-03

Buy or sell on 'Doyu'?

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Go to Tiger App to see more news

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the US labor market remains robust with more than a quarter million new","content":"<html><head></head><body><p>The April jobs report showed the US labor market remains robust with more than a quarter million new jobs added to the economy last month as the unemployment rate fell to match its lowest level since 1969.</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">The US economy added 253,000 nonfarm payroll jobs last month with the unemployment rate unexpectedly dropping to 3.4%, matching the level seen in January of this year which was the lowest since May 1969. Economists had expected the report to show nonfarm payrolls rose by 185,000 last month while the unemployment was forecast to rise to 3.6%.</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">Here are the key numbers from the report compared to estimates from Bloomberg:</p><ul><li><p>Nonfarm payrolls: <strong>+253,000 vs. +185,000 expected</strong></p></li><li><p>Unemployment rate: <strong>3.4% vs. 3.6% expected</strong></p></li><li><p>Average hourly earnings, month-on-month: <strong>+0.5% vs. +0.3% expected</strong></p></li><li><p>Average hourly earnings, year-on-year: <strong>+4.4% vs. +4.2% expected</strong></p></li><li><p>Average weekly hours worked: <strong>34.4 vs. 34.4 expected</strong></p></li></ul><p>Friday&#39;s jobs report comes after the Federal Reserve voted this week to raise its benchmark interest rate by another 0.25%, bringing the fed funds rate above 5% for the first time since September 2007.</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">In raising rates on Wednesday, Fed Chair Jay Powell said the labor market remains &#34;very tight,&#34; but noted &#34;there are some signs that supply and demand in the labor market are coming back into better balance,&#34; pointing to an uptick in participation among prime age workers (or those 25-54), as well as moderating wage gains and a drop in job openings.</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">&#34;But overall,&#34; Powell added, &#34;labor demand still substantially exceeds the supply of available workers.&#34;</p></body></html>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>U.S. Economy Adds 253K Jobs in April, Unemployment Drops to 3.4%</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nU.S. Economy Adds 253K Jobs in April, Unemployment Drops to 3.4%\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1079075236\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">Tiger Newspress </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2023-05-05 23:28</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<html><head></head><body><p>The April jobs report showed the US labor market remains robust with more than a quarter million new jobs added to the economy last month as the unemployment rate fell to match its lowest level since 1969.</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">The US economy added 253,000 nonfarm payroll jobs last month with the unemployment rate unexpectedly dropping to 3.4%, matching the level seen in January of this year which was the lowest since May 1969. Economists had expected the report to show nonfarm payrolls rose by 185,000 last month while the unemployment was forecast to rise to 3.6%.</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">Here are the key numbers from the report compared to estimates from Bloomberg:</p><ul><li><p>Nonfarm payrolls: <strong>+253,000 vs. +185,000 expected</strong></p></li><li><p>Unemployment rate: <strong>3.4% vs. 3.6% expected</strong></p></li><li><p>Average hourly earnings, month-on-month: <strong>+0.5% vs. +0.3% expected</strong></p></li><li><p>Average hourly earnings, year-on-year: <strong>+4.4% vs. +4.2% expected</strong></p></li><li><p>Average weekly hours worked: <strong>34.4 vs. 34.4 expected</strong></p></li></ul><p>Friday&#39;s jobs report comes after the Federal Reserve voted this week to raise its benchmark interest rate by another 0.25%, bringing the fed funds rate above 5% for the first time since September 2007.</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">In raising rates on Wednesday, Fed Chair Jay Powell said the labor market remains &#34;very tight,&#34; but noted &#34;there are some signs that supply and demand in the labor market are coming back into better balance,&#34; pointing to an uptick in participation among prime age workers (or those 25-54), as well as moderating wage gains and a drop in job openings.</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">&#34;But overall,&#34; Powell added, &#34;labor demand still substantially exceeds the supply of available workers.&#34;</p></body></html>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{".SPX":"S&P 500 Index",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite",".DJI":"道琼斯"},"source_url":"","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1161451410","content_text":"The April jobs report showed the US labor market remains robust with more than a quarter million new jobs added to the economy last month as the unemployment rate fell to match its lowest level since 1969.The US economy added 253,000 nonfarm payroll jobs last month with the unemployment rate unexpectedly dropping to 3.4%, matching the level seen in January of this year which was the lowest since May 1969. Economists had expected the report to show nonfarm payrolls rose by 185,000 last month while the unemployment was forecast to rise to 3.6%.Here are the key numbers from the report compared to estimates from Bloomberg:Nonfarm payrolls: +253,000 vs. +185,000 expectedUnemployment rate: 3.4% vs. 3.6% expectedAverage hourly earnings, month-on-month: +0.5% vs. +0.3% expectedAverage hourly earnings, year-on-year: +4.4% vs. +4.2% expectedAverage weekly hours worked: 34.4 vs. 34.4 expectedFriday's jobs report comes after the Federal Reserve voted this week to raise its benchmark interest rate by another 0.25%, bringing the fed funds rate above 5% for the first time since September 2007.In raising rates on Wednesday, Fed Chair Jay Powell said the labor market remains \"very tight,\" but noted \"there are some signs that supply and demand in the labor market are coming back into better balance,\" pointing to an uptick in participation among prime age workers (or those 25-54), as well as moderating wage gains and a drop in job openings.\"But overall,\" Powell added, \"labor demand still substantially exceeds the supply of available workers.\"","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":300,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9947522968,"gmtCreate":1683312678054,"gmtModify":1683312681878,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","listText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","text":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9947522968","repostId":"9947283955","repostType":1,"repost":{"id":9947283955,"gmtCreate":1683189601278,"gmtModify":1683189746457,"author":{"id":"3527667620927015","authorId":"3527667620927015","name":"Tiger_Earnings","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1849fb1fb43d93db3974fd09c5f65ff1","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3527667620927015","authorIdStr":"3527667620927015"},"themes":[],"title":"Earnings Movers| Reasons For EL, SBUX, QCOM's Plunge and TECH's Rose","htmlText":"On Wednesday, the Fed announced a 25bps rate hike but still not give clear attitude toward pausing rake hike. The major indexes closed with slight drop.There are some&nbsp;companies&nbsp;experienced&nbsp;roller&nbsp;coaster&nbsp;ride&nbsp;after&nbsp;the&nbsp;earnings&nbsp;release.&nbsp;You&nbsp;can&nbsp;find&nbsp;the&nbsp;stocks&nbsp;that&nbsp;rose&nbsp;or&nbsp;fell&nbsp;most&nbsp;in&nbsp;\"Movers&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Shakers\"&nbsp;on&nbsp;Tiger&nbsp;Trade&nbsp;app.In this article, we gonna brief 5 companies: <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/TECH\">$Bio-Techne(TECH)$</a> , <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/LLY\">$Eli Lilly(LLY)$</a> , <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/EL\">$Estee Lauder(EL)$</a> , <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/SBUX\">$Starbucks(SBUX)$</a>, <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/QCOM\">$Qu</a>","listText":"On Wednesday, the Fed announced a 25bps rate hike but still not give clear attitude toward pausing rake hike. The major indexes closed with slight drop.There are some&nbsp;companies&nbsp;experienced&nbsp;roller&nbsp;coaster&nbsp;ride&nbsp;after&nbsp;the&nbsp;earnings&nbsp;release.&nbsp;You&nbsp;can&nbsp;find&nbsp;the&nbsp;stocks&nbsp;that&nbsp;rose&nbsp;or&nbsp;fell&nbsp;most&nbsp;in&nbsp;\"Movers&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Shakers\"&nbsp;on&nbsp;Tiger&nbsp;Trade&nbsp;app.In this article, we gonna brief 5 companies: <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/TECH\">$Bio-Techne(TECH)$</a> , <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/LLY\">$Eli Lilly(LLY)$</a> , <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/EL\">$Estee Lauder(EL)$</a> , <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/SBUX\">$Starbucks(SBUX)$</a>, <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/QCOM\">$Qu</a>","text":"On Wednesday, the Fed announced a 25bps rate hike but still not give clear attitude toward pausing rake hike. The major indexes closed with slight drop.There are some companies experienced roller coaster ride after the earnings release. You can find the stocks that rose or fell most in \"Movers & Shakers\" on Tiger Trade app.In this article, we gonna brief 5 companies: $Bio-Techne(TECH)$ , $Eli Lilly(LLY)$ , $Estee Lauder(EL)$ , $Starbucks(SBUX)$, $Qu","images":[{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/9dbe3b93d7677ad87bfc1f66e9484feb","width":"722","height":"687"},{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/46f1c0f52084c500bee8629de67f7a16","width":"1212","height":"611"},{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/9e903e8134fd13fec43cfcb2e055ff0a","width":"2048","height":"1858"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":2,"paper":2,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9947283955","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":0,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":8,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":235,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9947526748,"gmtCreate":1683312462185,"gmtModify":1683312466301,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","listText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","text":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9947526748","repostId":"9947269379","repostType":1,"repost":{"id":9947269379,"gmtCreate":1683198790891,"gmtModify":1683198818640,"author":{"id":"4115188532413322","authorId":"4115188532413322","name":"Tiger_Wealth","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"4115188532413322","authorIdStr":"4115188532413322"},"themes":[],"title":"25bps Rate Hike in May’s FOMC Meeting: Fed Pause on The Horizon","htmlText":"In a widely anticipated move, the US Federal Reserve raised interest rates for the 10th time in just over a year. The Fed fund rate now stands at a target range of 5%-5.25%, which is the highest it has been since August 2007.Source: Bloomberg&nbsp;During the news conference that followed the meeting, Chairman Jerome Powell confirmed that \"a decision on a pause was not made today.\" This is despite the omission of a sentence stating that “the Committee anticipates that some additional policy firming may be appropriate.\" It appears that the Fed has finally reached the terminal rates it had set out to achieve.&nbsp;S&amp;P 500 &amp; Nasdaq Index, Source: Bloomberg The bond markets initially priced a rate hike in the June Fed meeting. However, the sentiment soon changed into a likely rate pause","listText":"In a widely anticipated move, the US Federal Reserve raised interest rates for the 10th time in just over a year. The Fed fund rate now stands at a target range of 5%-5.25%, which is the highest it has been since August 2007.Source: Bloomberg&nbsp;During the news conference that followed the meeting, Chairman Jerome Powell confirmed that \"a decision on a pause was not made today.\" This is despite the omission of a sentence stating that “the Committee anticipates that some additional policy firming may be appropriate.\" It appears that the Fed has finally reached the terminal rates it had set out to achieve.&nbsp;S&amp;P 500 &amp; Nasdaq Index, Source: Bloomberg The bond markets initially priced a rate hike in the June Fed meeting. However, the sentiment soon changed into a likely rate pause","text":"In a widely anticipated move, the US Federal Reserve raised interest rates for the 10th time in just over a year. The Fed fund rate now stands at a target range of 5%-5.25%, which is the highest it has been since August 2007.Source: Bloomberg During the news conference that followed the meeting, Chairman Jerome Powell confirmed that \"a decision on a pause was not made today.\" This is despite the omission of a sentence stating that “the Committee anticipates that some additional policy firming may be appropriate.\" It appears that the Fed has finally reached the terminal rates it had set out to achieve. S&P 500 & Nasdaq Index, Source: Bloomberg The bond markets initially priced a rate hike in the June Fed meeting. However, the sentiment soon changed into a likely rate pause","images":[{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/80116eeef27dd0f8dcbc4361429d763c","width":"752","height":"462"},{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/8c180491c8a6d0bbb5ee2b75e1104e29","width":"761","height":"453"},{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/e630ae790463ff9fb94d3927639fc388","width":"774","height":"438"}],"top":1,"highlighted":2,"essential":2,"paper":2,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9947269379","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":0,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":4,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":267,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9943863449,"gmtCreate":1679357020981,"gmtModify":1679357024849,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"omggg","listText":"omggg","text":"omggg","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9943863449","repostId":"1197049348","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1197049348","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1679301944,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1197049348?lang=&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2023-03-20 16:45","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Risky Credit Suisse Bond Wipeout Upends $275 Billion Market","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1197049348","media":"Bloomberg","summary":"Holders of AT1 bonds get nothing as shareholders get billionsInvestors in a key corner of bank-fundi","content":"<html><head></head><body><ul><li>Holders of AT1 bonds get nothing as shareholders get billions</li><li>Investors in a key corner of bank-funding market left reeling</li></ul><p>Among the biggest losers in the shotgun sale of Credit Suisse Group AG are investors in the firm’s riskiest bonds, known as AT1s, worth $17 billion.</p><p>These money managers are set to be wiped out— potentially sending that $275 billion market for bank funding into a tailspin, while threatening blowback for European policy makers in crisis-fighting mode.</p><p>Creditors are frantically poring through the fine print for these so-called additional tier 1 securities to understand if authorities in other countries could repeat what the Swiss government did on Sunday: Wiping them out while preserving $3.3 billion of value for equity investors. That’s not supposed to be the pecking order, some holders in the bonds insist.</p><p>“This just makes no sense,” said Patrik Kauffmann, a fixed-income portfolio manager at Aquila Asset Management, who holds the notes. “Shareholders should get zero” because “it’s crystal clear that AT1s are senior to stocks.”</p><p>One UK bank CEO put it even more bluntly: The Swiss have killed this key corner of funding for lenders, he said, asking not to be named because the situation is sensitive. His comments underscore how the global financial community is on edge after the UBS takeover of Credit Suisse, which came on the heels of the collapse of three regional US banks.</p><p>Prices of AT1s in Asia slid on Monday, with debt securities of some lenders in the region dropping by record amounts. Bank of East Asia Ltd.’s 5.825% perpetual dollar note slumped 9.4 cents on the dollar to about 80 cents, which would be a record decline if maintained through the end of Monday’s trading, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.</p><p>HSBC Holdings Plc’s 8% AT1 fell about 5 cents Monday to below 90 cents, according to credit traders. That would be its biggest daily drop since it began trading early this month.</p><p>It’s not that the bonds weren’t supposed to take some of the blow from the Credit Suisse collapse. In fact, that’s in large part what they were created to do when they were first conceived by European regulators in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, as a way to impose losses on creditors when banks start to fail without resorting to taxpayer money.</p><p>Yet, by privileging equity investors over holders of the riskiest bank securities, it’s left the bond community confused and rattled about who ranks first when it comes to the hierarchy of investor claims the next time a lender is in trouble.</p><p>With litigation potentially brewing, Goldman Sachs Group Inc. traders were preparing to take bids on claims against Credit Suisse’s riskiest bonds for investors betting they can ultimately recover some value.</p><p>“Wiping out AT1 holders while paying substantial amounts to shareholders goes against all the resolution principles and rules that were agreed internationally after 2008,” according to Jérôme Legras, head of research at Axiom Alternative Investments, who said the firm owns AT1 bonds issued by Credit Suisse.</p><p>From the perspective of Swiss officials, it was able to force a write-off of the securities because it needed to boost Credit Suisse’s capital and resolve its liquidity problems. The bonds typically face a haircut whenever government support is offered to a lender facing solvency problems.</p><p>Yet market participants say the move will likely lead to a disruptive industry-wide repricing. The market for new AT1 bonds will likely go into deep freeze and the cost of risky bank funding risks jumping higher given the regulatory decision caught some creditors off-guard, say traders.</p><p>That would give bank treasurers fewer options to raise capital at a time of market stress, with the Federal Reserve and five other central banks announcing coordinated action on Sunday to boost dollar liquidity.</p><p>“The AT1 market will be shut now for new issuance for a while,” said Luke Hickmore, investment director at abrdn Plc, who holds a small number of the Credit Suisse notes. “We will all be parsing which securities in AT1 space have a similar trigger to CS’s and which don’t, which banks need to issue AT1s and which don’t.”</p><p>Even before the wipeout, rising worries about the financial system caused the average AT1 note to tumble over the last two weeks, with pricing indicated at almost 20% below face value — one of the steepest discounts on record.</p><h2>‘Poorly Designed’</h2><p>AT1s were dreamt up by regulators to act as an additional buffer of capital between shareholders and bondholders. Yet the legal framework has always been subject to uncertainty and some controversy.</p><p>The latest move by policy makers shows that the “structure has proved to be poorly designed and will be probably phased out,” said Francesco Castelli, head of fixed income at Banor Capital.</p><p>The decision by the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority is “probably legal,” he said, adding he expects Credit Suisse’s AT1 obligations to trade at close to zero tomorrow. “Holders will only have some recovery chance in court.” Castelli owns bonds issued by the bank but declined to say if he has a position in the AT1s.</p><p>Still, the decision to wipe out the holders of those bonds gets support from John McClain, portfolio manager at Brandywine Global Investment Management.</p><p>“It’s absolutely the right thing to do to prevent moral hazard from creeping into that part of the market. Those bonds were created for moments like this — similar to catastrophe bonds.”</p><h2>Counterparty Risk</h2><p>The acquisition of Credit Suisse comes after the failure of a number of US regional banks this month sent concerns rippling through the financial system. The Zurich-based lender’s bonds and shares plunged and counterparties on trades began buying protection against a possible default.</p><p>A collapse of the bank would have caused huge collateral damage to the Swiss financial industry, and a risk of contagion for UBS and other banks, the country’s finance minister Karin Keller-Sutter said at a press conference on Sunday.</p><p>“The bankruptcy of a global systematically important bank would have caused irreparable economic turmoil in Switzerland and throughout the world,” she said.</p><p>Traders quickly made clear they had some skepticism about the deal. UBS’s credit default swaps, derivatives often used to gauge a borrower’s credit risk, widened by at least 40 basis points to 215 bps for five-year contracts, according to people with knowledge of the matter. They asked not to be named as the information is private.</p><p>As part of the takeover, the Swiss central bank is offering a 100 billion-franc liquidity assistance to UBS and the government is granting a 9 billion-franc guarantee for potential losses from assets it is taking on. That comes after Credit Suisse was left deeply wounded by everything from the blowup of Archegos to the collapse of a suite of funds it ran with Greensill Capital.</p><p>“Hindsight is wonderful,” Credit Suisse Chairman Axel Lehmann said at Sunday’s press conference. “We were overtaken by legacy situations, by risks that materialized last year. We were affected by a market model that no longer works in this environment.”</p></body></html>","source":"lsy1584095487587","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Risky Credit Suisse Bond Wipeout Upends $275 Billion Market</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nRisky Credit Suisse Bond Wipeout Upends $275 Billion Market\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2023-03-20 16:45 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-20/wipeout-of-risky-credit-suisse-bonds-upends-275-billion-market><strong>Bloomberg</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Holders of AT1 bonds get nothing as shareholders get billionsInvestors in a key corner of bank-funding market left reelingAmong the biggest losers in the shotgun sale of Credit Suisse Group AG are ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-20/wipeout-of-risky-credit-suisse-bonds-upends-275-billion-market\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{".DJI":"道琼斯",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index"},"source_url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-20/wipeout-of-risky-credit-suisse-bonds-upends-275-billion-market","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1197049348","content_text":"Holders of AT1 bonds get nothing as shareholders get billionsInvestors in a key corner of bank-funding market left reelingAmong the biggest losers in the shotgun sale of Credit Suisse Group AG are investors in the firm’s riskiest bonds, known as AT1s, worth $17 billion.These money managers are set to be wiped out— potentially sending that $275 billion market for bank funding into a tailspin, while threatening blowback for European policy makers in crisis-fighting mode.Creditors are frantically poring through the fine print for these so-called additional tier 1 securities to understand if authorities in other countries could repeat what the Swiss government did on Sunday: Wiping them out while preserving $3.3 billion of value for equity investors. That’s not supposed to be the pecking order, some holders in the bonds insist.“This just makes no sense,” said Patrik Kauffmann, a fixed-income portfolio manager at Aquila Asset Management, who holds the notes. “Shareholders should get zero” because “it’s crystal clear that AT1s are senior to stocks.”One UK bank CEO put it even more bluntly: The Swiss have killed this key corner of funding for lenders, he said, asking not to be named because the situation is sensitive. His comments underscore how the global financial community is on edge after the UBS takeover of Credit Suisse, which came on the heels of the collapse of three regional US banks.Prices of AT1s in Asia slid on Monday, with debt securities of some lenders in the region dropping by record amounts. Bank of East Asia Ltd.’s 5.825% perpetual dollar note slumped 9.4 cents on the dollar to about 80 cents, which would be a record decline if maintained through the end of Monday’s trading, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.HSBC Holdings Plc’s 8% AT1 fell about 5 cents Monday to below 90 cents, according to credit traders. That would be its biggest daily drop since it began trading early this month.It’s not that the bonds weren’t supposed to take some of the blow from the Credit Suisse collapse. In fact, that’s in large part what they were created to do when they were first conceived by European regulators in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, as a way to impose losses on creditors when banks start to fail without resorting to taxpayer money.Yet, by privileging equity investors over holders of the riskiest bank securities, it’s left the bond community confused and rattled about who ranks first when it comes to the hierarchy of investor claims the next time a lender is in trouble.With litigation potentially brewing, Goldman Sachs Group Inc. traders were preparing to take bids on claims against Credit Suisse’s riskiest bonds for investors betting they can ultimately recover some value.“Wiping out AT1 holders while paying substantial amounts to shareholders goes against all the resolution principles and rules that were agreed internationally after 2008,” according to Jérôme Legras, head of research at Axiom Alternative Investments, who said the firm owns AT1 bonds issued by Credit Suisse.From the perspective of Swiss officials, it was able to force a write-off of the securities because it needed to boost Credit Suisse’s capital and resolve its liquidity problems. The bonds typically face a haircut whenever government support is offered to a lender facing solvency problems.Yet market participants say the move will likely lead to a disruptive industry-wide repricing. The market for new AT1 bonds will likely go into deep freeze and the cost of risky bank funding risks jumping higher given the regulatory decision caught some creditors off-guard, say traders.That would give bank treasurers fewer options to raise capital at a time of market stress, with the Federal Reserve and five other central banks announcing coordinated action on Sunday to boost dollar liquidity.“The AT1 market will be shut now for new issuance for a while,” said Luke Hickmore, investment director at abrdn Plc, who holds a small number of the Credit Suisse notes. “We will all be parsing which securities in AT1 space have a similar trigger to CS’s and which don’t, which banks need to issue AT1s and which don’t.”Even before the wipeout, rising worries about the financial system caused the average AT1 note to tumble over the last two weeks, with pricing indicated at almost 20% below face value — one of the steepest discounts on record.‘Poorly Designed’AT1s were dreamt up by regulators to act as an additional buffer of capital between shareholders and bondholders. Yet the legal framework has always been subject to uncertainty and some controversy.The latest move by policy makers shows that the “structure has proved to be poorly designed and will be probably phased out,” said Francesco Castelli, head of fixed income at Banor Capital.The decision by the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority is “probably legal,” he said, adding he expects Credit Suisse’s AT1 obligations to trade at close to zero tomorrow. “Holders will only have some recovery chance in court.” Castelli owns bonds issued by the bank but declined to say if he has a position in the AT1s.Still, the decision to wipe out the holders of those bonds gets support from John McClain, portfolio manager at Brandywine Global Investment Management.“It’s absolutely the right thing to do to prevent moral hazard from creeping into that part of the market. Those bonds were created for moments like this — similar to catastrophe bonds.”Counterparty RiskThe acquisition of Credit Suisse comes after the failure of a number of US regional banks this month sent concerns rippling through the financial system. The Zurich-based lender’s bonds and shares plunged and counterparties on trades began buying protection against a possible default.A collapse of the bank would have caused huge collateral damage to the Swiss financial industry, and a risk of contagion for UBS and other banks, the country’s finance minister Karin Keller-Sutter said at a press conference on Sunday.“The bankruptcy of a global systematically important bank would have caused irreparable economic turmoil in Switzerland and throughout the world,” she said.Traders quickly made clear they had some skepticism about the deal. UBS’s credit default swaps, derivatives often used to gauge a borrower’s credit risk, widened by at least 40 basis points to 215 bps for five-year contracts, according to people with knowledge of the matter. They asked not to be named as the information is private.As part of the takeover, the Swiss central bank is offering a 100 billion-franc liquidity assistance to UBS and the government is granting a 9 billion-franc guarantee for potential losses from assets it is taking on. That comes after Credit Suisse was left deeply wounded by everything from the blowup of Archegos to the collapse of a suite of funds it ran with Greensill Capital.“Hindsight is wonderful,” Credit Suisse Chairman Axel Lehmann said at Sunday’s press conference. “We were overtaken by legacy situations, by risks that materialized last year. We were affected by a market model that no longer works in this environment.”","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":513,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9957563145,"gmtCreate":1677404069988,"gmtModify":1677404074058,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","listText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","text":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9957563145","repostId":"1117520516","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1117520516","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"Providing stock market headlines, business news, financials and earnings ","home_visible":1,"media_name":"Tiger Newspress","id":"1079075236","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1677334099,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1117520516?lang=&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2023-02-25 22:08","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Buffett’s Annual Letter: Berkshire Will Always Hold a Boatload of Cash and U.S. Treasury Bills","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1117520516","media":"Tiger Newspress","summary":"Warren Buffett is still betting on America.Stocks and bonds slumped in 2022 after central banks rais","content":"<html><head></head><body><p>Warren Buffett is still betting on America.</p><p>Stocks and bonds slumped in 2022 after central banks raised interest rates at a rapid pace to try to rein in inflation. But Mr. Buffett retained his sense of optimism in his annual letter to investors Saturday, saying he attributes much of his success over the years to the resilience of the U.S. economy.</p><p>“I have been investing for 80 years—more than one-third of our country’s lifetime. Despite our citizens’ penchant—almost enthusiasm—for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long-term bet against America,” Mr. Buffett said in the letter.</p><p>Mr. Buffett, widely regarded as one of the world’s top investors, has been publishing the letters for more than half a century. Over that time, he hasn’t just reflected on the past year for his company, Berkshire Hathaway Inc., but also shared his thoughts on everything from esoteric accounting rules to his aversion to excessive risk-taking.</p><p>Saturday’s letter offered readers a glimpse into how Mr. Buffett, 92, viewed what wound up being a shaky stretch for markets.</p><p>The volatility offered Berkshire an opportunity to jump in and buy stocks. While Berkshire largely bought back its own shares in 2021, it focused more in 2022 on investing in other companies—opening up new positions in media company Paramount Global and building-materials manufacturer Louisiana-Pacific Corp., among other businesses, and swiftly becoming Occidental Petroleum Corp.’s single biggest shareholder.</p><p>As of the end of 2022, Berkshire was the largest shareholder of eight companies—American Express Co., Bank of America Corp., Chevron Corp., Coca-Cola Co., HP Inc., Moody’s Corp., Occidental and Paramount Global.</p><p>“America would have done fine without Berkshire. The reverse is not true,” Mr. Buffett said.</p><p>Berkshire also released its results for 2022 on Saturday.</p><p>The Omaha, Neb., company, which owns businesses including insurer Geico, railroad BNSF Railway and chocolate maker See’s Candies, posted a loss of $22.82 billion for the year, stung by $67.9 billion in investment and derivative contract losses. In 2021, Berkshire posted a profit of $90.8 billion.</p><p>Total revenue rose 9.4% to $302.1 billion.</p><p>Berkshire’s operating earnings, which exclude some investment results, rose to a record $30.8 billion.</p><p>Mr. Buffett, Berkshire’s chief executive, has long held that operating earnings are a better reflection of how Berkshire is doing, since accounting rules require the company to include unrealized gains and losses from its massive investment portfolio in its net income. Volatile markets can make Berkshire’s net income change substantially from quarter to quarter, regardless of how its underlying businesses are doing.</p><p>“Capital gains, to be sure, have been hugely important to Berkshire over past decades, and we expect them to be meaningfully positive in future decades,” Mr. Buffett said in his letter. “But their quarter-by-quarter gyrations, regularly and mindlessly headlined by media, totally misinform investors,” he said, adding that he and his right-hand man Charlie Munger urged shareholders to focus instead on Berkshire’s operating earnings, which rose to a record for the full year in 2022.</p><h2>Read the full letter here:</h2><p>To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:</p><p>Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing the savings of a great number of individuals. We are grateful for their enduring trust, a relationship that often spans much of their adult lifetime. It is those dedicated savers that are forefront in my mind as I write this letter.</p><p>A common belief is that people choose to save when young, expecting thereby to maintain their living standards after retirement. Any assets that remain at death, this theory says, will usually be left to their families or, possibly, to friends and philanthropy.</p><p>Our experience has differed. We believe Berkshire’s individual holders largely to be of the once-a-saver, always-a-saver variety. Though these people live well, they eventually dispense most of their funds to philanthropic organizations. These, in turn, redistribute the funds by expenditures intended to improve the lives of a great many people who are unrelated to the original benefactor. Sometimes, the results have been spectacular.</p><p>The disposition of money unmasks humans. Charlie and I watch with pleasure the vast flow of Berkshire-generated funds to public needs and, alongside, the infrequency with which our shareholders opt for look-at-me assets and dynasty-building.</p><p>Who wouldn’t enjoy working for shareholders like ours?</p><h2>What We Do</h2><p>Charlie and I allocate your savings at Berkshire between two related forms of ownership. First, we invest in businesses that we control, usually buying 100% of each. Berkshire directs capital allocation at these subsidiaries and selects the CEOs who make day-by-day operating decisions. When large enterprises are being managed, both trust and rules are essential. Berkshire emphasizes the former to an unusual – some would say extreme – degree. Disappointments are inevitable. We are understanding about business mistakes; our tolerance for personal misconduct is zero.</p><p>In our second category of ownership, we buy publicly-traded stocks through which we passively own pieces of businesses. Holding these investments, we have no say in management.</p><p>Our goal in both forms of ownership is to make meaningful investments in businesses with both long-lasting favorable economic characteristics and trustworthy managers. Please note particularly that we own publicly-traded stocks based on our expectations about their long-term business performance, not because we view them as vehicles for adroit purchases and sales. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.</p><p>Over the years, I have made many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses currently consists of a few enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many that enjoy very good economic characteristics, and a large group that are marginal. Along the way, other businesses in which I have invested have died, their products unwanted by the public. Capitalism has two sides: The system creates an ever-growing pile of losers while concurrently delivering a gusher of improved goods and services. Schumpeter called this phenomenon “creative destruction.”</p><p>One advantage of our publicly-traded segment is that – episodically – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. It’s crucial to understand that stocks often trade at truly foolish prices, both high and low. “Efficient” markets exist only in textbooks. In truth, marketable stocks and bonds are baffling, their behavior usually understandable only in retrospect.</p><p>Controlled businesses are a different breed. They sometimes command ridiculously higher prices than justified but are almost never available at bargain valuations. Unless under duress, the owner of a controlled business gives no thought to selling at a panic-type valuation.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>At this point, a report card from me is appropriate: In 58 years of Berkshire management, most of my capital-allocation decisions have been no better than so-so. In some cases, also, bad moves by me have been rescued by very large doses of luck. (Remember our escapes from near-disasters at USAir and Salomon? I certainly do.)</p><p>Our satisfactory results have been the product of about a dozen truly good decisions – that would be about one every five years – and a sometimes-forgotten advantage that favors long-term investors such as Berkshire. Let’s take a peek behind the curtain.</p><h2>The Secret Sauce</h2><p>In August 1994 – yes, 1994 – Berkshire completed its seven-year purchase of the 400 million shares of Coca-Cola we now own. The total cost was $1.3 billion – then a very meaningful sum at Berkshire.</p><p>The cash dividend we received from Coke in 1994 was $75 million. By 2022, the dividend had increased to $704 million. Growth occurred every year, just as certain as birthdays. All Charlie and I were required to do was cash Coke’s quarterly dividend checks. We expect that those checks are highly likely to grow.</p><p>American Express is much the same story. Berkshire’s purchases of Amex were essentially completed in 1995 and, coincidentally, also cost $1.3 billion. Annual dividends received from this investment have grown from $41 million to $302 million. Those checks, too, seem highly likely to increase.</p><p>These dividend gains, though pleasing, are far from spectacular. But they bring with them important gains in stock prices. At yearend, our Coke investment was valued at $25 billion while Amex was recorded at $22 billion. Each holding now accounts for roughly 5% of Berkshire’s net worth, akin to its weighting long ago.</p><p>Assume, for a moment, I had made a similarly-sized investment mistake in the 1990s, one that flat-lined and simply retained its $1.3 billion value in 2022. (An example would be a high-grade 30-year bond.) That disappointing investment would now represent an insignificant 0.3% of Berkshire’s net worth and would be delivering to us an unchanged $80 million or so of annual income.</p><p>The lesson for investors: The weeds wither away in significance as the flowers bloom. Over time, it takes just a few winners to work wonders. And, yes, it helps to start early and live into your 90s as well.</p><h2>The Past Year in Brief</h2><p>Berkshire had a good year in 2022. The company’s operating earnings – our term for income calculated using Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), exclusive of capital gains or losses from equity holdings – set a record at $30.8 billion. Charlie and I focus on this operational figure and urge you to do so as well. The GAAP figure, absent our adjustment, fluctuates wildly and capriciously at every reporting date. Note its acrobatic behavior in 2022, which is in no way unusual:</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/69e74650656620f9fa3f1e55c15a90e5\" tg-width=\"797\" tg-height=\"207\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>The GAAP earnings are 100% misleading when viewed quarterly or even annually. Capital gains, to be sure, have been hugely important to Berkshire over past decades, and we expect them to be meaningfully positive in future decades. But their quarter-by-quarter gyrations, regularly and mindlessly headlined by media, totally misinform investors.</p><p>A second positive development for Berkshire last year was our purchase of Alleghany Corporation, a property-casualty insurer captained by Joe Brandon. I’ve worked with Joe in the past, and he understands both Berkshire  and insurance. Alleghany delivers special value to us because Berkshire’s unmatched financial strength allows its insurance subsidiaries to follow valuable and enduring investment strategies unavailable to virtually all competitors.</p><p>Aided by Alleghany, our insurance float increased during 2022 from $147 billion to $164 billion. With disciplined underwriting, these funds have a decent chance of being cost-free over time. Since purchasing our first property-casualty insurer in 1967, Berkshire’s float has increased 8,000-fold through acquisitions, operations and innovations. Though not recognized in our financial statements, this float has been an extraordinary asset for Berkshire. New shareholders can get an understanding of its value by reading our annually updated explanation of float on page A-2.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>A very minor gain in per-share intrinsic value took place in 2022 through Berkshire share repurchases as well as similar moves at Apple and American Express, both significant investees of ours. At Berkshire, we directly increased your interest in our unique collection of businesses by repurchasing 1.2% of the company’s outstanding shares. At Apple and Amex, repurchases increased Berkshire’s ownership a bit without any cost to us.</p><p>The math isn’t complicated: When the share count goes down, your interest in our many businesses goes up. Every small bit helps if repurchases are made at value-accretive prices. Just as surely, when a company overpays for repurchases, the continuing shareholders lose. At such times, gains flow only to the selling shareholders and to the friendly, but expensive, investment banker who recommended the foolish purchases.</p><p>Gains from value-accretive repurchases, it should be emphasized, benefit all owners – in every respect. Imagine, if you will, three fully-informed shareholders of a local auto dealership, one of whom manages the business. Imagine, further, that one of the passive owners wishes to sell his interest back to the company at a price attractive to the two continuing shareholders. When completed, has this transaction harmed anyone? Is the manager somehow favored over the continuing passive owners? Has the public been hurt?</p><p>When you are told that all repurchases are harmful to shareholders or to the country, or particularly beneficial to CEOs, you are listening to either an economic illiterate or a silver-tongued demagogue (characters that are not mutually exclusive).</p><p>Almost endless details of Berkshire’s 2022 operations are laid out on pages K-33 – K-66. Charlie and I, along with many Berkshire shareholders, enjoy poring over the many facts and figures laid out in that section. These pages are not, however, required reading. There are many Berkshire centimillionaires and, yes, billionaires who have never studied our financial figures. They simply know that Charlie and I – along with our families and close friends – continue to have very significant investments in Berkshire, and they trust us to treat their money as we do our own.</p><p>And that is a promise we can make.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>Finally, an important warning: Even the operating earnings figure that we favor can easily be manipulated by managers who wish to do so. Such tampering is often thought of as sophisticated by CEOs, directors and their advisors. Reporters and analysts embrace its existence as well. Beating “expectations” is heralded as a managerial triumph.</p><p>That activity is disgusting. It requires no talent to manipulate numbers: Only a deep desire to deceive is required. “Bold imaginative accounting,” as a CEO once described his deception to me, has become one of the shames of capitalism.</p><h2>58 Years – and a Few Figures</h2><p>In 1965, Berkshire was a one-trick pony, the owner of a venerable – but doomed – New England textile operation. With that business on a death march, Berkshire needed an immediate fresh start. Looking back, I was slow to recognize the severity of its problems.</p><p>And then came a stroke of good luck: National Indemnity became available in 1967, and we shifted our resources toward insurance and other non-textile operations.</p><p>Thus began our journey to 2023, a bumpy road involving a combination of continuous savings by our owners (that is, by their retaining earnings), the power of compounding, our avoidance of major mistakes and – most important of all – the American Tailwind. America would have done fine without Berkshire. The reverse is not true.</p><p>Berkshire now enjoys major ownership in an unmatched collection of huge and diversified businesses. Let’s first look at the 5,000 or so publicly-held companies that trade daily on NASDAQ, the NYSE and related venues. Within this group is housed the members of the S&amp;P 500 Index, an elite collection of large and well-known American companies.</p><p>In aggregate, the 500 earned $1.8 trillion in 2021. I don’t yet have the final results for 2022. Using, therefore, the 2021 figures, only 128 of the 500 (including Berkshire itself) earned $3 billion or more. Indeed, 23 lost money.</p><p>At yearend 2022, Berkshire was the largest owner of eight of these giants: American Express, Bank of America, Chevron, Coca-Cola, HP Inc., Moody’s, Occidental Petroleum and Paramount Global.</p><p>In addition to those eight investees, Berkshire owns 100% of BNSF and 92% of BH Energy, each with earnings that exceed the $3 billion mark noted above ($5.9 billion at BNSF and</p><p>$4.3 billion at BHE). Were these companies publicly-owned, they would replace two present members of the 500. All told, our ten controlled and non-controlled behemoths leave Berkshire more broadly aligned with the country’s economic future than is the case at any other U.S. company. (This calculation leaves aside “fiduciary” operations such as pension funds and investment companies.) In addition, Berkshire’s insurance operation, though conducted through many individually-managed subsidiaries, has a value comparable to BNSF or BHE.</p><p>As for the future, Berkshire will always hold a boatload of cash and U.S. Treasury bills along with a wide array of businesses. We will also avoid behavior that could result in any uncomfortable cash needs at inconvenient times, including financial panics and unprecedented insurance losses. Our CEO will always be the Chief Risk Officer – a task it is irresponsible to delegate. Additionally, our future CEOs will have a significant part of their net worth in Berkshire shares, bought with their own money. And yes, our shareholders will continue to save and prosper by retaining earnings.</p><p>At Berkshire, there will be no finish line.</p><h2>Some Surprising Facts About Federal Taxes</h2><p>During the decade ending in 2021, the United States Treasury received about $32.3 trillion in taxes while it spent $43.9 trillion.</p><p>Though economists, politicians and many of the public have opinions about the consequences of that huge imbalance, Charlie and I plead ignorance and firmly believe that near-term economic and market forecasts are worse than useless. Our job is to manage Berkshire’s operations and finances in a manner that will achieve an acceptable result over time and that will preserve the company’s unmatched staying power when financial panics or severe worldwide recessions occur. Berkshire also offers some modest protection from runaway inflation, but this attribute is far from perfect. Huge and entrenched fiscal deficits have consequences.</p><p>The $32 trillion of revenue was garnered by the Treasury through individual income taxes (48%), social security and related receipts (3412%), corporate income tax payments (812%) and a wide variety of lesser levies. Berkshire’s contribution via the corporate income tax was $32 billion during the decade, almost exactly a tenth of 1% of all money that the Treasury collected.</p><p>And that means – brace yourself – had there been roughly 1,000 taxpayers in the U.S. matching Berkshire’s payments, no other businesses nor any of the country’s 131 million households would have needed to pay any taxes to the federal government. Not a dime.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>Millions, billions, trillions – we all know the words, but the sums involved are almost impossible to comprehend. Let’s put physical dimensions to the numbers:</p><p>- If you convert $1 million into newly-printed $100 bills, you will have a stack that reaches your chest.</p><p>- Perform the same exercise with $1 billion – this is getting exciting! – and the stack reaches about 34 of a mile into the sky.</p><p>- Finally, imagine piling up $32 billion, the total of Berkshire’s 2012-21 federal income tax payments. Now the stack grows to more than 21 miles in height, about three times the level at which commercial airplanes usually cruise.</p><p>When it comes to federal taxes, individuals who own Berkshire can unequivocally state “I gave at the office.”</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>At Berkshire we hope and expect to pay much more in taxes during the next decade. We owe the country no less: America’s dynamism has made a huge contribution to whatever success Berkshire has achieved – a contribution Berkshire will always need. We count on the American Tailwind and, though it has been becalmed from time to time, its propelling force has always returned.</p><p>I have been investing for 80 years – more than one-third of our country’s lifetime. Despite our citizens’ penchant – almost enthusiasm – for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long-term bet against America. And I doubt very much that any reader of this letter will have a different experience in the future.</p><h2>Nothing Beats Having a Great Partner</h2><p>Charlie and I think pretty much alike. But what it takes me a page to explain, he sums up in a sentence. His version, moreover, is always more clearly reasoned and also more artfully – some might add bluntly – stated.</p><p>Here are a few of his thoughts, many lifted from a very recent podcast:</p><p>- The world is full of foolish gamblers, and they will not do as well as the patient investor.</p><p>- If you don’t see the world the way it is, it’s like judging something through a distorted lens.</p><p>- All I want to know is where I’m going to die, so I’ll never go there. And a related thought: Early on, write your desired obituary – and then behave accordingly.</p><p>- If you don’t care whether you are rational or not, you won’t work on it. Then you will stay irrational and get lousy results.</p><p>- Patience can be learned. Having a long attention span and the ability to concentrate on one thing for a long time is a huge advantage.</p><p>- You can learn a lot from dead people. Read of the deceased you admire and detest.</p><p>- Don’t bail away in a sinking boat if you can swim to one that is seaworthy.</p><p>- A great company keeps working after you are not; a mediocre company won’t do that.</p><p>- Warren and I don’t focus on the froth of the market. We seek out good long-term investments and stubbornly hold them for a long time.</p><p>- Ben Graham said, “Day to day, the stock market is a voting machine; in the long term it’s a weighing machine.” If you keep making something more valuable, then some wise person is going to notice it and start buying.</p><p>- There is no such thing as a 100% sure thing when investing. Thus, the use of leverage is dangerous. A string of wonderful numbers times zero will always equal zero. Don’t count on getting rich twice.</p><p>- You don’t, however, need to own a lot of things in order to get rich.</p><p>- You have to keep learning if you want to become a great investor. When the world changes, you must change.</p><p>- Warren and I hated railroad stocks for decades, but the world changed and finally the country had four huge railroads of vital importance to the American economy. We were slow to recognize the change, but better late than never.</p><p>- Finally, I will add two short sentences by Charlie that have been his decision-clinchers for decades: “Warren, think more about it. You’re smart and I’m right.”</p><p>And so it goes. I never have a phone call with Charlie without learning something. And, while he makes me think, he also makes me laugh.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>I will add to Charlie’s list a rule of my own:   Find   a   very   smart   high-grade partner – preferably slightly older than you – and then listen very carefully to what he says.</p><h2>A Family Gathering in Omaha</h2><p>Charlie and I are shameless. Last year, at our first shareholder get-together in three years, we greeted you with our usual commercial hustle.</p><p>From the opening bell, we went straight for your wallet. In short order, our See’s kiosk sold you eleven tons of nourishing peanut brittle and chocolates. In our P.T. Barnum pitch, we promised you longevity. After all, what else but candy from See’s could account for Charlie and me making it to 99 and 92?</p><p>I know you can’t wait to hear the specifics of last year’s hustle.</p><p>On Friday, the doors were open from noon until 5 p.m., and our candy counters rang up 2,690 individual sales. On Saturday, See’s registered an additional 3,931 transactions between 7 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., despite the fact that 612 of the 912 operating hours occurred while our movie and the question-and-answer session were limiting commercial traffic.</p><p>Do the math: See’s rang up about 10 sales per minute during its prime operating time (racking up $400,309 of volume during the two days), with all the goods purchased at a single location selling products that haven’t been materially altered in 101 years. What worked for See’s in the days of Henry Ford’s model T works now.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>Charlie, I, and the entire Berkshire bunch look forward to seeing you in Omaha on May 5-6. We will have a good time and so will you.</p><p>February 25, 2023 Warren E. Buffett </p><p>Chairman of the Board</p></body></html>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Buffett’s Annual Letter: Berkshire Will Always Hold a Boatload of Cash and U.S. Treasury Bills</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nBuffett’s Annual Letter: Berkshire Will Always Hold a Boatload of Cash and U.S. Treasury Bills\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1079075236\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">Tiger Newspress </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2023-02-25 22:08</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<html><head></head><body><p>Warren Buffett is still betting on America.</p><p>Stocks and bonds slumped in 2022 after central banks raised interest rates at a rapid pace to try to rein in inflation. But Mr. Buffett retained his sense of optimism in his annual letter to investors Saturday, saying he attributes much of his success over the years to the resilience of the U.S. economy.</p><p>“I have been investing for 80 years—more than one-third of our country’s lifetime. Despite our citizens’ penchant—almost enthusiasm—for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long-term bet against America,” Mr. Buffett said in the letter.</p><p>Mr. Buffett, widely regarded as one of the world’s top investors, has been publishing the letters for more than half a century. Over that time, he hasn’t just reflected on the past year for his company, Berkshire Hathaway Inc., but also shared his thoughts on everything from esoteric accounting rules to his aversion to excessive risk-taking.</p><p>Saturday’s letter offered readers a glimpse into how Mr. Buffett, 92, viewed what wound up being a shaky stretch for markets.</p><p>The volatility offered Berkshire an opportunity to jump in and buy stocks. While Berkshire largely bought back its own shares in 2021, it focused more in 2022 on investing in other companies—opening up new positions in media company Paramount Global and building-materials manufacturer Louisiana-Pacific Corp., among other businesses, and swiftly becoming Occidental Petroleum Corp.’s single biggest shareholder.</p><p>As of the end of 2022, Berkshire was the largest shareholder of eight companies—American Express Co., Bank of America Corp., Chevron Corp., Coca-Cola Co., HP Inc., Moody’s Corp., Occidental and Paramount Global.</p><p>“America would have done fine without Berkshire. The reverse is not true,” Mr. Buffett said.</p><p>Berkshire also released its results for 2022 on Saturday.</p><p>The Omaha, Neb., company, which owns businesses including insurer Geico, railroad BNSF Railway and chocolate maker See’s Candies, posted a loss of $22.82 billion for the year, stung by $67.9 billion in investment and derivative contract losses. In 2021, Berkshire posted a profit of $90.8 billion.</p><p>Total revenue rose 9.4% to $302.1 billion.</p><p>Berkshire’s operating earnings, which exclude some investment results, rose to a record $30.8 billion.</p><p>Mr. Buffett, Berkshire’s chief executive, has long held that operating earnings are a better reflection of how Berkshire is doing, since accounting rules require the company to include unrealized gains and losses from its massive investment portfolio in its net income. Volatile markets can make Berkshire’s net income change substantially from quarter to quarter, regardless of how its underlying businesses are doing.</p><p>“Capital gains, to be sure, have been hugely important to Berkshire over past decades, and we expect them to be meaningfully positive in future decades,” Mr. Buffett said in his letter. “But their quarter-by-quarter gyrations, regularly and mindlessly headlined by media, totally misinform investors,” he said, adding that he and his right-hand man Charlie Munger urged shareholders to focus instead on Berkshire’s operating earnings, which rose to a record for the full year in 2022.</p><h2>Read the full letter here:</h2><p>To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:</p><p>Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing the savings of a great number of individuals. We are grateful for their enduring trust, a relationship that often spans much of their adult lifetime. It is those dedicated savers that are forefront in my mind as I write this letter.</p><p>A common belief is that people choose to save when young, expecting thereby to maintain their living standards after retirement. Any assets that remain at death, this theory says, will usually be left to their families or, possibly, to friends and philanthropy.</p><p>Our experience has differed. We believe Berkshire’s individual holders largely to be of the once-a-saver, always-a-saver variety. Though these people live well, they eventually dispense most of their funds to philanthropic organizations. These, in turn, redistribute the funds by expenditures intended to improve the lives of a great many people who are unrelated to the original benefactor. Sometimes, the results have been spectacular.</p><p>The disposition of money unmasks humans. Charlie and I watch with pleasure the vast flow of Berkshire-generated funds to public needs and, alongside, the infrequency with which our shareholders opt for look-at-me assets and dynasty-building.</p><p>Who wouldn’t enjoy working for shareholders like ours?</p><h2>What We Do</h2><p>Charlie and I allocate your savings at Berkshire between two related forms of ownership. First, we invest in businesses that we control, usually buying 100% of each. Berkshire directs capital allocation at these subsidiaries and selects the CEOs who make day-by-day operating decisions. When large enterprises are being managed, both trust and rules are essential. Berkshire emphasizes the former to an unusual – some would say extreme – degree. Disappointments are inevitable. We are understanding about business mistakes; our tolerance for personal misconduct is zero.</p><p>In our second category of ownership, we buy publicly-traded stocks through which we passively own pieces of businesses. Holding these investments, we have no say in management.</p><p>Our goal in both forms of ownership is to make meaningful investments in businesses with both long-lasting favorable economic characteristics and trustworthy managers. Please note particularly that we own publicly-traded stocks based on our expectations about their long-term business performance, not because we view them as vehicles for adroit purchases and sales. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.</p><p>Over the years, I have made many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses currently consists of a few enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many that enjoy very good economic characteristics, and a large group that are marginal. Along the way, other businesses in which I have invested have died, their products unwanted by the public. Capitalism has two sides: The system creates an ever-growing pile of losers while concurrently delivering a gusher of improved goods and services. Schumpeter called this phenomenon “creative destruction.”</p><p>One advantage of our publicly-traded segment is that – episodically – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. It’s crucial to understand that stocks often trade at truly foolish prices, both high and low. “Efficient” markets exist only in textbooks. In truth, marketable stocks and bonds are baffling, their behavior usually understandable only in retrospect.</p><p>Controlled businesses are a different breed. They sometimes command ridiculously higher prices than justified but are almost never available at bargain valuations. Unless under duress, the owner of a controlled business gives no thought to selling at a panic-type valuation.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>At this point, a report card from me is appropriate: In 58 years of Berkshire management, most of my capital-allocation decisions have been no better than so-so. In some cases, also, bad moves by me have been rescued by very large doses of luck. (Remember our escapes from near-disasters at USAir and Salomon? I certainly do.)</p><p>Our satisfactory results have been the product of about a dozen truly good decisions – that would be about one every five years – and a sometimes-forgotten advantage that favors long-term investors such as Berkshire. Let’s take a peek behind the curtain.</p><h2>The Secret Sauce</h2><p>In August 1994 – yes, 1994 – Berkshire completed its seven-year purchase of the 400 million shares of Coca-Cola we now own. The total cost was $1.3 billion – then a very meaningful sum at Berkshire.</p><p>The cash dividend we received from Coke in 1994 was $75 million. By 2022, the dividend had increased to $704 million. Growth occurred every year, just as certain as birthdays. All Charlie and I were required to do was cash Coke’s quarterly dividend checks. We expect that those checks are highly likely to grow.</p><p>American Express is much the same story. Berkshire’s purchases of Amex were essentially completed in 1995 and, coincidentally, also cost $1.3 billion. Annual dividends received from this investment have grown from $41 million to $302 million. Those checks, too, seem highly likely to increase.</p><p>These dividend gains, though pleasing, are far from spectacular. But they bring with them important gains in stock prices. At yearend, our Coke investment was valued at $25 billion while Amex was recorded at $22 billion. Each holding now accounts for roughly 5% of Berkshire’s net worth, akin to its weighting long ago.</p><p>Assume, for a moment, I had made a similarly-sized investment mistake in the 1990s, one that flat-lined and simply retained its $1.3 billion value in 2022. (An example would be a high-grade 30-year bond.) That disappointing investment would now represent an insignificant 0.3% of Berkshire’s net worth and would be delivering to us an unchanged $80 million or so of annual income.</p><p>The lesson for investors: The weeds wither away in significance as the flowers bloom. Over time, it takes just a few winners to work wonders. And, yes, it helps to start early and live into your 90s as well.</p><h2>The Past Year in Brief</h2><p>Berkshire had a good year in 2022. The company’s operating earnings – our term for income calculated using Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), exclusive of capital gains or losses from equity holdings – set a record at $30.8 billion. Charlie and I focus on this operational figure and urge you to do so as well. The GAAP figure, absent our adjustment, fluctuates wildly and capriciously at every reporting date. Note its acrobatic behavior in 2022, which is in no way unusual:</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/69e74650656620f9fa3f1e55c15a90e5\" tg-width=\"797\" tg-height=\"207\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>The GAAP earnings are 100% misleading when viewed quarterly or even annually. Capital gains, to be sure, have been hugely important to Berkshire over past decades, and we expect them to be meaningfully positive in future decades. But their quarter-by-quarter gyrations, regularly and mindlessly headlined by media, totally misinform investors.</p><p>A second positive development for Berkshire last year was our purchase of Alleghany Corporation, a property-casualty insurer captained by Joe Brandon. I’ve worked with Joe in the past, and he understands both Berkshire  and insurance. Alleghany delivers special value to us because Berkshire’s unmatched financial strength allows its insurance subsidiaries to follow valuable and enduring investment strategies unavailable to virtually all competitors.</p><p>Aided by Alleghany, our insurance float increased during 2022 from $147 billion to $164 billion. With disciplined underwriting, these funds have a decent chance of being cost-free over time. Since purchasing our first property-casualty insurer in 1967, Berkshire’s float has increased 8,000-fold through acquisitions, operations and innovations. Though not recognized in our financial statements, this float has been an extraordinary asset for Berkshire. New shareholders can get an understanding of its value by reading our annually updated explanation of float on page A-2.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>A very minor gain in per-share intrinsic value took place in 2022 through Berkshire share repurchases as well as similar moves at Apple and American Express, both significant investees of ours. At Berkshire, we directly increased your interest in our unique collection of businesses by repurchasing 1.2% of the company’s outstanding shares. At Apple and Amex, repurchases increased Berkshire’s ownership a bit without any cost to us.</p><p>The math isn’t complicated: When the share count goes down, your interest in our many businesses goes up. Every small bit helps if repurchases are made at value-accretive prices. Just as surely, when a company overpays for repurchases, the continuing shareholders lose. At such times, gains flow only to the selling shareholders and to the friendly, but expensive, investment banker who recommended the foolish purchases.</p><p>Gains from value-accretive repurchases, it should be emphasized, benefit all owners – in every respect. Imagine, if you will, three fully-informed shareholders of a local auto dealership, one of whom manages the business. Imagine, further, that one of the passive owners wishes to sell his interest back to the company at a price attractive to the two continuing shareholders. When completed, has this transaction harmed anyone? Is the manager somehow favored over the continuing passive owners? Has the public been hurt?</p><p>When you are told that all repurchases are harmful to shareholders or to the country, or particularly beneficial to CEOs, you are listening to either an economic illiterate or a silver-tongued demagogue (characters that are not mutually exclusive).</p><p>Almost endless details of Berkshire’s 2022 operations are laid out on pages K-33 – K-66. Charlie and I, along with many Berkshire shareholders, enjoy poring over the many facts and figures laid out in that section. These pages are not, however, required reading. There are many Berkshire centimillionaires and, yes, billionaires who have never studied our financial figures. They simply know that Charlie and I – along with our families and close friends – continue to have very significant investments in Berkshire, and they trust us to treat their money as we do our own.</p><p>And that is a promise we can make.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>Finally, an important warning: Even the operating earnings figure that we favor can easily be manipulated by managers who wish to do so. Such tampering is often thought of as sophisticated by CEOs, directors and their advisors. Reporters and analysts embrace its existence as well. Beating “expectations” is heralded as a managerial triumph.</p><p>That activity is disgusting. It requires no talent to manipulate numbers: Only a deep desire to deceive is required. “Bold imaginative accounting,” as a CEO once described his deception to me, has become one of the shames of capitalism.</p><h2>58 Years – and a Few Figures</h2><p>In 1965, Berkshire was a one-trick pony, the owner of a venerable – but doomed – New England textile operation. With that business on a death march, Berkshire needed an immediate fresh start. Looking back, I was slow to recognize the severity of its problems.</p><p>And then came a stroke of good luck: National Indemnity became available in 1967, and we shifted our resources toward insurance and other non-textile operations.</p><p>Thus began our journey to 2023, a bumpy road involving a combination of continuous savings by our owners (that is, by their retaining earnings), the power of compounding, our avoidance of major mistakes and – most important of all – the American Tailwind. America would have done fine without Berkshire. The reverse is not true.</p><p>Berkshire now enjoys major ownership in an unmatched collection of huge and diversified businesses. Let’s first look at the 5,000 or so publicly-held companies that trade daily on NASDAQ, the NYSE and related venues. Within this group is housed the members of the S&amp;P 500 Index, an elite collection of large and well-known American companies.</p><p>In aggregate, the 500 earned $1.8 trillion in 2021. I don’t yet have the final results for 2022. Using, therefore, the 2021 figures, only 128 of the 500 (including Berkshire itself) earned $3 billion or more. Indeed, 23 lost money.</p><p>At yearend 2022, Berkshire was the largest owner of eight of these giants: American Express, Bank of America, Chevron, Coca-Cola, HP Inc., Moody’s, Occidental Petroleum and Paramount Global.</p><p>In addition to those eight investees, Berkshire owns 100% of BNSF and 92% of BH Energy, each with earnings that exceed the $3 billion mark noted above ($5.9 billion at BNSF and</p><p>$4.3 billion at BHE). Were these companies publicly-owned, they would replace two present members of the 500. All told, our ten controlled and non-controlled behemoths leave Berkshire more broadly aligned with the country’s economic future than is the case at any other U.S. company. (This calculation leaves aside “fiduciary” operations such as pension funds and investment companies.) In addition, Berkshire’s insurance operation, though conducted through many individually-managed subsidiaries, has a value comparable to BNSF or BHE.</p><p>As for the future, Berkshire will always hold a boatload of cash and U.S. Treasury bills along with a wide array of businesses. We will also avoid behavior that could result in any uncomfortable cash needs at inconvenient times, including financial panics and unprecedented insurance losses. Our CEO will always be the Chief Risk Officer – a task it is irresponsible to delegate. Additionally, our future CEOs will have a significant part of their net worth in Berkshire shares, bought with their own money. And yes, our shareholders will continue to save and prosper by retaining earnings.</p><p>At Berkshire, there will be no finish line.</p><h2>Some Surprising Facts About Federal Taxes</h2><p>During the decade ending in 2021, the United States Treasury received about $32.3 trillion in taxes while it spent $43.9 trillion.</p><p>Though economists, politicians and many of the public have opinions about the consequences of that huge imbalance, Charlie and I plead ignorance and firmly believe that near-term economic and market forecasts are worse than useless. Our job is to manage Berkshire’s operations and finances in a manner that will achieve an acceptable result over time and that will preserve the company’s unmatched staying power when financial panics or severe worldwide recessions occur. Berkshire also offers some modest protection from runaway inflation, but this attribute is far from perfect. Huge and entrenched fiscal deficits have consequences.</p><p>The $32 trillion of revenue was garnered by the Treasury through individual income taxes (48%), social security and related receipts (3412%), corporate income tax payments (812%) and a wide variety of lesser levies. Berkshire’s contribution via the corporate income tax was $32 billion during the decade, almost exactly a tenth of 1% of all money that the Treasury collected.</p><p>And that means – brace yourself – had there been roughly 1,000 taxpayers in the U.S. matching Berkshire’s payments, no other businesses nor any of the country’s 131 million households would have needed to pay any taxes to the federal government. Not a dime.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>Millions, billions, trillions – we all know the words, but the sums involved are almost impossible to comprehend. Let’s put physical dimensions to the numbers:</p><p>- If you convert $1 million into newly-printed $100 bills, you will have a stack that reaches your chest.</p><p>- Perform the same exercise with $1 billion – this is getting exciting! – and the stack reaches about 34 of a mile into the sky.</p><p>- Finally, imagine piling up $32 billion, the total of Berkshire’s 2012-21 federal income tax payments. Now the stack grows to more than 21 miles in height, about three times the level at which commercial airplanes usually cruise.</p><p>When it comes to federal taxes, individuals who own Berkshire can unequivocally state “I gave at the office.”</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>At Berkshire we hope and expect to pay much more in taxes during the next decade. We owe the country no less: America’s dynamism has made a huge contribution to whatever success Berkshire has achieved – a contribution Berkshire will always need. We count on the American Tailwind and, though it has been becalmed from time to time, its propelling force has always returned.</p><p>I have been investing for 80 years – more than one-third of our country’s lifetime. Despite our citizens’ penchant – almost enthusiasm – for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long-term bet against America. And I doubt very much that any reader of this letter will have a different experience in the future.</p><h2>Nothing Beats Having a Great Partner</h2><p>Charlie and I think pretty much alike. But what it takes me a page to explain, he sums up in a sentence. His version, moreover, is always more clearly reasoned and also more artfully – some might add bluntly – stated.</p><p>Here are a few of his thoughts, many lifted from a very recent podcast:</p><p>- The world is full of foolish gamblers, and they will not do as well as the patient investor.</p><p>- If you don’t see the world the way it is, it’s like judging something through a distorted lens.</p><p>- All I want to know is where I’m going to die, so I’ll never go there. And a related thought: Early on, write your desired obituary – and then behave accordingly.</p><p>- If you don’t care whether you are rational or not, you won’t work on it. Then you will stay irrational and get lousy results.</p><p>- Patience can be learned. Having a long attention span and the ability to concentrate on one thing for a long time is a huge advantage.</p><p>- You can learn a lot from dead people. Read of the deceased you admire and detest.</p><p>- Don’t bail away in a sinking boat if you can swim to one that is seaworthy.</p><p>- A great company keeps working after you are not; a mediocre company won’t do that.</p><p>- Warren and I don’t focus on the froth of the market. We seek out good long-term investments and stubbornly hold them for a long time.</p><p>- Ben Graham said, “Day to day, the stock market is a voting machine; in the long term it’s a weighing machine.” If you keep making something more valuable, then some wise person is going to notice it and start buying.</p><p>- There is no such thing as a 100% sure thing when investing. Thus, the use of leverage is dangerous. A string of wonderful numbers times zero will always equal zero. Don’t count on getting rich twice.</p><p>- You don’t, however, need to own a lot of things in order to get rich.</p><p>- You have to keep learning if you want to become a great investor. When the world changes, you must change.</p><p>- Warren and I hated railroad stocks for decades, but the world changed and finally the country had four huge railroads of vital importance to the American economy. We were slow to recognize the change, but better late than never.</p><p>- Finally, I will add two short sentences by Charlie that have been his decision-clinchers for decades: “Warren, think more about it. You’re smart and I’m right.”</p><p>And so it goes. I never have a phone call with Charlie without learning something. And, while he makes me think, he also makes me laugh.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>I will add to Charlie’s list a rule of my own:   Find   a   very   smart   high-grade partner – preferably slightly older than you – and then listen very carefully to what he says.</p><h2>A Family Gathering in Omaha</h2><p>Charlie and I are shameless. Last year, at our first shareholder get-together in three years, we greeted you with our usual commercial hustle.</p><p>From the opening bell, we went straight for your wallet. In short order, our See’s kiosk sold you eleven tons of nourishing peanut brittle and chocolates. In our P.T. Barnum pitch, we promised you longevity. After all, what else but candy from See’s could account for Charlie and me making it to 99 and 92?</p><p>I know you can’t wait to hear the specifics of last year’s hustle.</p><p>On Friday, the doors were open from noon until 5 p.m., and our candy counters rang up 2,690 individual sales. On Saturday, See’s registered an additional 3,931 transactions between 7 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., despite the fact that 612 of the 912 operating hours occurred while our movie and the question-and-answer session were limiting commercial traffic.</p><p>Do the math: See’s rang up about 10 sales per minute during its prime operating time (racking up $400,309 of volume during the two days), with all the goods purchased at a single location selling products that haven’t been materially altered in 101 years. What worked for See’s in the days of Henry Ford’s model T works now.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>Charlie, I, and the entire Berkshire bunch look forward to seeing you in Omaha on May 5-6. We will have a good time and so will you.</p><p>February 25, 2023 Warren E. Buffett </p><p>Chairman of the Board</p></body></html>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"BRK.A":"伯克希尔","BRK.B":"伯克希尔B"},"source_url":"","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1117520516","content_text":"Warren Buffett is still betting on America.Stocks and bonds slumped in 2022 after central banks raised interest rates at a rapid pace to try to rein in inflation. But Mr. Buffett retained his sense of optimism in his annual letter to investors Saturday, saying he attributes much of his success over the years to the resilience of the U.S. economy.“I have been investing for 80 years—more than one-third of our country’s lifetime. Despite our citizens’ penchant—almost enthusiasm—for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long-term bet against America,” Mr. Buffett said in the letter.Mr. Buffett, widely regarded as one of the world’s top investors, has been publishing the letters for more than half a century. Over that time, he hasn’t just reflected on the past year for his company, Berkshire Hathaway Inc., but also shared his thoughts on everything from esoteric accounting rules to his aversion to excessive risk-taking.Saturday’s letter offered readers a glimpse into how Mr. Buffett, 92, viewed what wound up being a shaky stretch for markets.The volatility offered Berkshire an opportunity to jump in and buy stocks. While Berkshire largely bought back its own shares in 2021, it focused more in 2022 on investing in other companies—opening up new positions in media company Paramount Global and building-materials manufacturer Louisiana-Pacific Corp., among other businesses, and swiftly becoming Occidental Petroleum Corp.’s single biggest shareholder.As of the end of 2022, Berkshire was the largest shareholder of eight companies—American Express Co., Bank of America Corp., Chevron Corp., Coca-Cola Co., HP Inc., Moody’s Corp., Occidental and Paramount Global.“America would have done fine without Berkshire. The reverse is not true,” Mr. Buffett said.Berkshire also released its results for 2022 on Saturday.The Omaha, Neb., company, which owns businesses including insurer Geico, railroad BNSF Railway and chocolate maker See’s Candies, posted a loss of $22.82 billion for the year, stung by $67.9 billion in investment and derivative contract losses. In 2021, Berkshire posted a profit of $90.8 billion.Total revenue rose 9.4% to $302.1 billion.Berkshire’s operating earnings, which exclude some investment results, rose to a record $30.8 billion.Mr. Buffett, Berkshire’s chief executive, has long held that operating earnings are a better reflection of how Berkshire is doing, since accounting rules require the company to include unrealized gains and losses from its massive investment portfolio in its net income. Volatile markets can make Berkshire’s net income change substantially from quarter to quarter, regardless of how its underlying businesses are doing.“Capital gains, to be sure, have been hugely important to Berkshire over past decades, and we expect them to be meaningfully positive in future decades,” Mr. Buffett said in his letter. “But their quarter-by-quarter gyrations, regularly and mindlessly headlined by media, totally misinform investors,” he said, adding that he and his right-hand man Charlie Munger urged shareholders to focus instead on Berkshire’s operating earnings, which rose to a record for the full year in 2022.Read the full letter here:To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing the savings of a great number of individuals. We are grateful for their enduring trust, a relationship that often spans much of their adult lifetime. It is those dedicated savers that are forefront in my mind as I write this letter.A common belief is that people choose to save when young, expecting thereby to maintain their living standards after retirement. Any assets that remain at death, this theory says, will usually be left to their families or, possibly, to friends and philanthropy.Our experience has differed. We believe Berkshire’s individual holders largely to be of the once-a-saver, always-a-saver variety. Though these people live well, they eventually dispense most of their funds to philanthropic organizations. These, in turn, redistribute the funds by expenditures intended to improve the lives of a great many people who are unrelated to the original benefactor. Sometimes, the results have been spectacular.The disposition of money unmasks humans. Charlie and I watch with pleasure the vast flow of Berkshire-generated funds to public needs and, alongside, the infrequency with which our shareholders opt for look-at-me assets and dynasty-building.Who wouldn’t enjoy working for shareholders like ours?What We DoCharlie and I allocate your savings at Berkshire between two related forms of ownership. First, we invest in businesses that we control, usually buying 100% of each. Berkshire directs capital allocation at these subsidiaries and selects the CEOs who make day-by-day operating decisions. When large enterprises are being managed, both trust and rules are essential. Berkshire emphasizes the former to an unusual – some would say extreme – degree. Disappointments are inevitable. We are understanding about business mistakes; our tolerance for personal misconduct is zero.In our second category of ownership, we buy publicly-traded stocks through which we passively own pieces of businesses. Holding these investments, we have no say in management.Our goal in both forms of ownership is to make meaningful investments in businesses with both long-lasting favorable economic characteristics and trustworthy managers. Please note particularly that we own publicly-traded stocks based on our expectations about their long-term business performance, not because we view them as vehicles for adroit purchases and sales. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.Over the years, I have made many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses currently consists of a few enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many that enjoy very good economic characteristics, and a large group that are marginal. Along the way, other businesses in which I have invested have died, their products unwanted by the public. Capitalism has two sides: The system creates an ever-growing pile of losers while concurrently delivering a gusher of improved goods and services. Schumpeter called this phenomenon “creative destruction.”One advantage of our publicly-traded segment is that – episodically – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. It’s crucial to understand that stocks often trade at truly foolish prices, both high and low. “Efficient” markets exist only in textbooks. In truth, marketable stocks and bonds are baffling, their behavior usually understandable only in retrospect.Controlled businesses are a different breed. They sometimes command ridiculously higher prices than justified but are almost never available at bargain valuations. Unless under duress, the owner of a controlled business gives no thought to selling at a panic-type valuation.* * * * * * * * * * * *At this point, a report card from me is appropriate: In 58 years of Berkshire management, most of my capital-allocation decisions have been no better than so-so. In some cases, also, bad moves by me have been rescued by very large doses of luck. (Remember our escapes from near-disasters at USAir and Salomon? I certainly do.)Our satisfactory results have been the product of about a dozen truly good decisions – that would be about one every five years – and a sometimes-forgotten advantage that favors long-term investors such as Berkshire. Let’s take a peek behind the curtain.The Secret SauceIn August 1994 – yes, 1994 – Berkshire completed its seven-year purchase of the 400 million shares of Coca-Cola we now own. The total cost was $1.3 billion – then a very meaningful sum at Berkshire.The cash dividend we received from Coke in 1994 was $75 million. By 2022, the dividend had increased to $704 million. Growth occurred every year, just as certain as birthdays. All Charlie and I were required to do was cash Coke’s quarterly dividend checks. We expect that those checks are highly likely to grow.American Express is much the same story. Berkshire’s purchases of Amex were essentially completed in 1995 and, coincidentally, also cost $1.3 billion. Annual dividends received from this investment have grown from $41 million to $302 million. Those checks, too, seem highly likely to increase.These dividend gains, though pleasing, are far from spectacular. But they bring with them important gains in stock prices. At yearend, our Coke investment was valued at $25 billion while Amex was recorded at $22 billion. Each holding now accounts for roughly 5% of Berkshire’s net worth, akin to its weighting long ago.Assume, for a moment, I had made a similarly-sized investment mistake in the 1990s, one that flat-lined and simply retained its $1.3 billion value in 2022. (An example would be a high-grade 30-year bond.) That disappointing investment would now represent an insignificant 0.3% of Berkshire’s net worth and would be delivering to us an unchanged $80 million or so of annual income.The lesson for investors: The weeds wither away in significance as the flowers bloom. Over time, it takes just a few winners to work wonders. And, yes, it helps to start early and live into your 90s as well.The Past Year in BriefBerkshire had a good year in 2022. The company’s operating earnings – our term for income calculated using Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), exclusive of capital gains or losses from equity holdings – set a record at $30.8 billion. Charlie and I focus on this operational figure and urge you to do so as well. The GAAP figure, absent our adjustment, fluctuates wildly and capriciously at every reporting date. Note its acrobatic behavior in 2022, which is in no way unusual:The GAAP earnings are 100% misleading when viewed quarterly or even annually. Capital gains, to be sure, have been hugely important to Berkshire over past decades, and we expect them to be meaningfully positive in future decades. But their quarter-by-quarter gyrations, regularly and mindlessly headlined by media, totally misinform investors.A second positive development for Berkshire last year was our purchase of Alleghany Corporation, a property-casualty insurer captained by Joe Brandon. I’ve worked with Joe in the past, and he understands both Berkshire  and insurance. Alleghany delivers special value to us because Berkshire’s unmatched financial strength allows its insurance subsidiaries to follow valuable and enduring investment strategies unavailable to virtually all competitors.Aided by Alleghany, our insurance float increased during 2022 from $147 billion to $164 billion. With disciplined underwriting, these funds have a decent chance of being cost-free over time. Since purchasing our first property-casualty insurer in 1967, Berkshire’s float has increased 8,000-fold through acquisitions, operations and innovations. Though not recognized in our financial statements, this float has been an extraordinary asset for Berkshire. New shareholders can get an understanding of its value by reading our annually updated explanation of float on page A-2.* * * * * * * * * * * *A very minor gain in per-share intrinsic value took place in 2022 through Berkshire share repurchases as well as similar moves at Apple and American Express, both significant investees of ours. At Berkshire, we directly increased your interest in our unique collection of businesses by repurchasing 1.2% of the company’s outstanding shares. At Apple and Amex, repurchases increased Berkshire’s ownership a bit without any cost to us.The math isn’t complicated: When the share count goes down, your interest in our many businesses goes up. Every small bit helps if repurchases are made at value-accretive prices. Just as surely, when a company overpays for repurchases, the continuing shareholders lose. At such times, gains flow only to the selling shareholders and to the friendly, but expensive, investment banker who recommended the foolish purchases.Gains from value-accretive repurchases, it should be emphasized, benefit all owners – in every respect. Imagine, if you will, three fully-informed shareholders of a local auto dealership, one of whom manages the business. Imagine, further, that one of the passive owners wishes to sell his interest back to the company at a price attractive to the two continuing shareholders. When completed, has this transaction harmed anyone? Is the manager somehow favored over the continuing passive owners? Has the public been hurt?When you are told that all repurchases are harmful to shareholders or to the country, or particularly beneficial to CEOs, you are listening to either an economic illiterate or a silver-tongued demagogue (characters that are not mutually exclusive).Almost endless details of Berkshire’s 2022 operations are laid out on pages K-33 – K-66. Charlie and I, along with many Berkshire shareholders, enjoy poring over the many facts and figures laid out in that section. These pages are not, however, required reading. There are many Berkshire centimillionaires and, yes, billionaires who have never studied our financial figures. They simply know that Charlie and I – along with our families and close friends – continue to have very significant investments in Berkshire, and they trust us to treat their money as we do our own.And that is a promise we can make.* * * * * * * * * * * *Finally, an important warning: Even the operating earnings figure that we favor can easily be manipulated by managers who wish to do so. Such tampering is often thought of as sophisticated by CEOs, directors and their advisors. Reporters and analysts embrace its existence as well. Beating “expectations” is heralded as a managerial triumph.That activity is disgusting. It requires no talent to manipulate numbers: Only a deep desire to deceive is required. “Bold imaginative accounting,” as a CEO once described his deception to me, has become one of the shames of capitalism.58 Years – and a Few FiguresIn 1965, Berkshire was a one-trick pony, the owner of a venerable – but doomed – New England textile operation. With that business on a death march, Berkshire needed an immediate fresh start. Looking back, I was slow to recognize the severity of its problems.And then came a stroke of good luck: National Indemnity became available in 1967, and we shifted our resources toward insurance and other non-textile operations.Thus began our journey to 2023, a bumpy road involving a combination of continuous savings by our owners (that is, by their retaining earnings), the power of compounding, our avoidance of major mistakes and – most important of all – the American Tailwind. America would have done fine without Berkshire. The reverse is not true.Berkshire now enjoys major ownership in an unmatched collection of huge and diversified businesses. Let’s first look at the 5,000 or so publicly-held companies that trade daily on NASDAQ, the NYSE and related venues. Within this group is housed the members of the S&P 500 Index, an elite collection of large and well-known American companies.In aggregate, the 500 earned $1.8 trillion in 2021. I don’t yet have the final results for 2022. Using, therefore, the 2021 figures, only 128 of the 500 (including Berkshire itself) earned $3 billion or more. Indeed, 23 lost money.At yearend 2022, Berkshire was the largest owner of eight of these giants: American Express, Bank of America, Chevron, Coca-Cola, HP Inc., Moody’s, Occidental Petroleum and Paramount Global.In addition to those eight investees, Berkshire owns 100% of BNSF and 92% of BH Energy, each with earnings that exceed the $3 billion mark noted above ($5.9 billion at BNSF and$4.3 billion at BHE). Were these companies publicly-owned, they would replace two present members of the 500. All told, our ten controlled and non-controlled behemoths leave Berkshire more broadly aligned with the country’s economic future than is the case at any other U.S. company. (This calculation leaves aside “fiduciary” operations such as pension funds and investment companies.) In addition, Berkshire’s insurance operation, though conducted through many individually-managed subsidiaries, has a value comparable to BNSF or BHE.As for the future, Berkshire will always hold a boatload of cash and U.S. Treasury bills along with a wide array of businesses. We will also avoid behavior that could result in any uncomfortable cash needs at inconvenient times, including financial panics and unprecedented insurance losses. Our CEO will always be the Chief Risk Officer – a task it is irresponsible to delegate. Additionally, our future CEOs will have a significant part of their net worth in Berkshire shares, bought with their own money. And yes, our shareholders will continue to save and prosper by retaining earnings.At Berkshire, there will be no finish line.Some Surprising Facts About Federal TaxesDuring the decade ending in 2021, the United States Treasury received about $32.3 trillion in taxes while it spent $43.9 trillion.Though economists, politicians and many of the public have opinions about the consequences of that huge imbalance, Charlie and I plead ignorance and firmly believe that near-term economic and market forecasts are worse than useless. Our job is to manage Berkshire’s operations and finances in a manner that will achieve an acceptable result over time and that will preserve the company’s unmatched staying power when financial panics or severe worldwide recessions occur. Berkshire also offers some modest protection from runaway inflation, but this attribute is far from perfect. Huge and entrenched fiscal deficits have consequences.The $32 trillion of revenue was garnered by the Treasury through individual income taxes (48%), social security and related receipts (3412%), corporate income tax payments (812%) and a wide variety of lesser levies. Berkshire’s contribution via the corporate income tax was $32 billion during the decade, almost exactly a tenth of 1% of all money that the Treasury collected.And that means – brace yourself – had there been roughly 1,000 taxpayers in the U.S. matching Berkshire’s payments, no other businesses nor any of the country’s 131 million households would have needed to pay any taxes to the federal government. Not a dime.* * * * * * * * * * * *Millions, billions, trillions – we all know the words, but the sums involved are almost impossible to comprehend. Let’s put physical dimensions to the numbers:- If you convert $1 million into newly-printed $100 bills, you will have a stack that reaches your chest.- Perform the same exercise with $1 billion – this is getting exciting! – and the stack reaches about 34 of a mile into the sky.- Finally, imagine piling up $32 billion, the total of Berkshire’s 2012-21 federal income tax payments. Now the stack grows to more than 21 miles in height, about three times the level at which commercial airplanes usually cruise.When it comes to federal taxes, individuals who own Berkshire can unequivocally state “I gave at the office.”* * * * * * * * * * * *At Berkshire we hope and expect to pay much more in taxes during the next decade. We owe the country no less: America’s dynamism has made a huge contribution to whatever success Berkshire has achieved – a contribution Berkshire will always need. We count on the American Tailwind and, though it has been becalmed from time to time, its propelling force has always returned.I have been investing for 80 years – more than one-third of our country’s lifetime. Despite our citizens’ penchant – almost enthusiasm – for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long-term bet against America. And I doubt very much that any reader of this letter will have a different experience in the future.Nothing Beats Having a Great PartnerCharlie and I think pretty much alike. But what it takes me a page to explain, he sums up in a sentence. His version, moreover, is always more clearly reasoned and also more artfully – some might add bluntly – stated.Here are a few of his thoughts, many lifted from a very recent podcast:- The world is full of foolish gamblers, and they will not do as well as the patient investor.- If you don’t see the world the way it is, it’s like judging something through a distorted lens.- All I want to know is where I’m going to die, so I’ll never go there. And a related thought: Early on, write your desired obituary – and then behave accordingly.- If you don’t care whether you are rational or not, you won’t work on it. Then you will stay irrational and get lousy results.- Patience can be learned. Having a long attention span and the ability to concentrate on one thing for a long time is a huge advantage.- You can learn a lot from dead people. Read of the deceased you admire and detest.- Don’t bail away in a sinking boat if you can swim to one that is seaworthy.- A great company keeps working after you are not; a mediocre company won’t do that.- Warren and I don’t focus on the froth of the market. We seek out good long-term investments and stubbornly hold them for a long time.- Ben Graham said, “Day to day, the stock market is a voting machine; in the long term it’s a weighing machine.” If you keep making something more valuable, then some wise person is going to notice it and start buying.- There is no such thing as a 100% sure thing when investing. Thus, the use of leverage is dangerous. A string of wonderful numbers times zero will always equal zero. Don’t count on getting rich twice.- You don’t, however, need to own a lot of things in order to get rich.- You have to keep learning if you want to become a great investor. When the world changes, you must change.- Warren and I hated railroad stocks for decades, but the world changed and finally the country had four huge railroads of vital importance to the American economy. We were slow to recognize the change, but better late than never.- Finally, I will add two short sentences by Charlie that have been his decision-clinchers for decades: “Warren, think more about it. You’re smart and I’m right.”And so it goes. I never have a phone call with Charlie without learning something. And, while he makes me think, he also makes me laugh.* * * * * * * * * * * *I will add to Charlie’s list a rule of my own:   Find   a   very   smart   high-grade partner – preferably slightly older than you – and then listen very carefully to what he says.A Family Gathering in OmahaCharlie and I are shameless. Last year, at our first shareholder get-together in three years, we greeted you with our usual commercial hustle.From the opening bell, we went straight for your wallet. In short order, our See’s kiosk sold you eleven tons of nourishing peanut brittle and chocolates. In our P.T. Barnum pitch, we promised you longevity. After all, what else but candy from See’s could account for Charlie and me making it to 99 and 92?I know you can’t wait to hear the specifics of last year’s hustle.On Friday, the doors were open from noon until 5 p.m., and our candy counters rang up 2,690 individual sales. On Saturday, See’s registered an additional 3,931 transactions between 7 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., despite the fact that 612 of the 912 operating hours occurred while our movie and the question-and-answer session were limiting commercial traffic.Do the math: See’s rang up about 10 sales per minute during its prime operating time (racking up $400,309 of volume during the two days), with all the goods purchased at a single location selling products that haven’t been materially altered in 101 years. What worked for See’s in the days of Henry Ford’s model T works now.* * * * * * * * * * * *Charlie, I, and the entire Berkshire bunch look forward to seeing you in Omaha on May 5-6. We will have a good time and so will you.February 25, 2023 Warren E. Buffett Chairman of the Board","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":408,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9955842024,"gmtCreate":1675358466868,"gmtModify":1676538996486,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Buy or sell on 'Doyu'?","listText":"Buy or sell on 'Doyu'?","text":"Buy or sell on 'Doyu'?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9955842024","repostId":"2303389289","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"2303389289","kind":"highlight","pubTimestamp":1673621702,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/2303389289?lang=&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2023-01-13 22:55","market":"us","language":"en","title":"DouYu International Holdings Limited Sponsored ADR (DOYU) Just Flashed Golden Cross Signal: Do You Buy?","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2303389289","media":"Zacks","summary":"DouYu International Holdings Limited Sponsored ADR (DOYU) reached a significant support level, and c","content":"<html><body><p>DouYu International Holdings Limited Sponsored ADR (DOYU) reached a significant support level, and could be a good pick for investors from a technical perspective. Recently, DOYU's 50-day simple moving average broke out above its 200-day moving average; this is known as a \"golden cross.\"</p>\n<p>A golden cross is a technical chart pattern that can signify a potential bullish breakout. It's formed from a crossover involving a security's short-term moving average breaking above a longer-term moving average, with the most common moving averages being the 50-day and the 200-day, since bigger time periods tend to form stronger breakouts.</p>\n<p>There are three stages to a golden cross. First, there must be a downtrend in a stock's price that eventually bottoms out. Then, the stock's shorter moving average crosses over its longer moving average, triggering a positive trend reversal. The third stage is when a stock continues the upward momentum to higher prices.</p>\n<p>A golden cross is the opposite of a death cross, another technical event that indicates bearish price movement may be on the horizon.</p>\n<p>DOYU could be on the verge of a breakout after moving 39.8% higher over the last four weeks. Plus, the company is currently a #2 (Buy) on the Zacks Rank.</p>\n<p>The bullish case only gets stronger once investors take into account DOYU's positive earnings outlook for the current quarter. There have been 1 upwards revisions compared to none lower over the past 60 days, and the Zacks Consensus Estimate has moved up as well.</p>\n<p><img height=\"auto\" src=\"https://s.yimg.com/uu/api/res/1.2/jELCXn3Y0vyFVjWp04gM3Q--/cT03NTthcHBpZD15dmlkZW9mZWVkczs-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/zacks.com/1164a03ab4830eb2bb92963e58977bfc\" title=\"\" width=\"100%\"/></p>\n<p>Given this move in earnings estimates and the positive technical factor, investors may want to keep their eye on DOYU for more gains in the near future.</p>\n<p>Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report</p>\n<p>DouYu International Holdings Limited Sponsored ADR (DOYU) : Free Stock Analysis Report</p>\n<p>To read this article on Zacks.com click here.</p>\n<p>Zacks Investment Research</p></body></html>","source":"yahoofinance","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>DouYu International Holdings Limited Sponsored ADR (DOYU) Just Flashed Golden Cross Signal: Do You Buy?</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nDouYu International Holdings Limited Sponsored ADR (DOYU) Just Flashed Golden Cross Signal: Do You Buy?\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2023-01-13 22:55 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/douyu-international-holdings-limited-sponsored-145502241.html><strong>Zacks</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>DouYu International Holdings Limited Sponsored ADR (DOYU) reached a significant support level, and could be a good pick for investors from a technical perspective. Recently, DOYU's 50-day simple ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/douyu-international-holdings-limited-sponsored-145502241.html\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://s.yimg.com/uu/api/res/1.2/t6.OdXEVKQihFo9otNenfg--~B/aD01NjU7dz05MDA7YXBwaWQ9eXRhY2h5b24-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/zacks.com/4f1a8d86cead9f96536efb147945dcc9","relate_stocks":{"BK4513":"直播概念","BK4505":"高瓴资本持仓","BK4585":"ETF&股票定投概念","DOYU":"斗鱼","BK4139":"生物科技","BK4085":"互动家庭娱乐","BK4504":"桥水持仓","BK4526":"热门中概股","BGNE":"百济神州","BK4509":"腾讯概念","BK4535":"淡马锡持仓","BK4548":"巴美列捷福持仓"},"source_url":"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/douyu-international-holdings-limited-sponsored-145502241.html","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/5f26f4a48f9cb3e29be4d71d3ba8c038","article_id":"2303389289","content_text":"DouYu International Holdings Limited Sponsored ADR (DOYU) reached a significant support level, and could be a good pick for investors from a technical perspective. Recently, DOYU's 50-day simple moving average broke out above its 200-day moving average; this is known as a \"golden cross.\"\nA golden cross is a technical chart pattern that can signify a potential bullish breakout. It's formed from a crossover involving a security's short-term moving average breaking above a longer-term moving average, with the most common moving averages being the 50-day and the 200-day, since bigger time periods tend to form stronger breakouts.\nThere are three stages to a golden cross. First, there must be a downtrend in a stock's price that eventually bottoms out. Then, the stock's shorter moving average crosses over its longer moving average, triggering a positive trend reversal. The third stage is when a stock continues the upward momentum to higher prices.\nA golden cross is the opposite of a death cross, another technical event that indicates bearish price movement may be on the horizon.\nDOYU could be on the verge of a breakout after moving 39.8% higher over the last four weeks. Plus, the company is currently a #2 (Buy) on the Zacks Rank.\nThe bullish case only gets stronger once investors take into account DOYU's positive earnings outlook for the current quarter. There have been 1 upwards revisions compared to none lower over the past 60 days, and the Zacks Consensus Estimate has moved up as well.\n\nGiven this move in earnings estimates and the positive technical factor, investors may want to keep their eye on DOYU for more gains in the near future.\nWant the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report\nDouYu International Holdings Limited Sponsored ADR (DOYU) : Free Stock Analysis Report\nTo read this article on Zacks.com click here.\nZacks Investment Research","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":284,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":385847027,"gmtCreate":1613535941369,"gmtModify":1704881746295,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"??","listText":"??","text":"??","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/385847027","repostId":"1174381857","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1174381857","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1613527491,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1174381857?lang=&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-02-17 10:04","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Warren Buffet's Berkshire Reveals Three New Secret Buys","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1174381857","media":"Bloomberg","summary":"Berkshire also disclosed new bet on Marsh & McLennanBuffett’s company exited stakes in JPMorgan, PNC","content":"<ul><li>Berkshire also disclosed new bet on Marsh &amp; McLennan</li><li>Buffett’s company exited stakes in JPMorgan, PNC and M&amp;T Bank</li></ul><p>Warren Buffett’s&nbsp;Berkshire Hathaway Inc.&nbsp;cut its Apple Inc. holding during the last few months of the year. The conglomerate also revealed three new buys that it snapped up in secret.</p><p>Berkshire bought stock in Verizon Communications Inc., insurance broker Marsh &amp; McLennan Cos. and Chevron Corp., bets that were granted confidential status and not revealed in a third-quarter regulatory filing, according to an updated document released Tuesday. The news of the investments sent the shares of those three companies up in after-market trading.</p><p>The Apple stake reduction left Berkshire with a holding valued at about $120 billion at the end of 2020, according to another&nbsp;filing. The iPhone maker remains Berkshire’s biggest single stock holding.</p><p>Buffett and his investment deputies, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler, reshaped the portfolio over the last year as the coronavirus pandemic struck the U.S. The company was heavily invested in the banking sector, which has done well in the pandemic but is exposed to consumer finances and commercial real estate. The conglomerate has spent recent months lightening up on some of those lenders, while maintaining bets on firms such as Bank of America Corp.</p><p>Berkshire cut a few bank holdings, exiting JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co., PNC Financial Services Group Inc. and M&amp;T Bank Corp. while slashing its Wells Fargo &amp; Co. stake by 59%. The company also shifted recent bets on drugmakers by increasing a stake in Merck &amp; Co Inc., Abbvie Inc. and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. It ended a recent investment in Pfizer Inc.</p><p>Berkshire&nbsp;exited&nbsp;a bet on Barrick Gold Corp. The investment was a surprise when it was revealed last year, given Buffett’s years of chiding the precious metal. The company also trimmed an investment in General Motors Co., cutting that holding to a stake valued at roughly $3 billion at the end of the fourth quarter.</p><p>Some of the new stakes were sizable. Berkshire held an investment in Chevron valued at nearly $4.1 billion at the end of 2020, while its Marsh &amp; McLennan bet was valued at $499 million. Berkshire accumulated a $8.6 billion stake in Verizon, a company that it had previously bet on but cut in 2019.</p><p>Verizon stock was up roughly 2.7% to $55.59 at 6:03 p.m. in New York, while Chevron gained 2.4%. Marsh &amp; McLennan climbed less than 1% to $115 at 4:58 p.m.</p>","source":"lsy1584095487587","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Warren Buffet's Berkshire Reveals Three New Secret Buys</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nWarren Buffet's Berkshire Reveals Three New Secret Buys\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-02-17 10:04 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-16/buffett-s-berkshire-trims-apple-bet-holds-120-billion-stake><strong>Bloomberg</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Berkshire also disclosed new bet on Marsh & McLennanBuffett’s company exited stakes in JPMorgan, PNC and M&T BankWarren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Inc. cut its Apple Inc. holding during the last few...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-16/buffett-s-berkshire-trims-apple-bet-holds-120-billion-stake\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"CVX":"雪佛龙","MMC":"威达信集团","AAPL":"苹果","VZ":"威瑞森","JPM":"摩根大通","BRK.B":"伯克希尔B","BRK.A":"伯克希尔"},"source_url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-16/buffett-s-berkshire-trims-apple-bet-holds-120-billion-stake","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1174381857","content_text":"Berkshire also disclosed new bet on Marsh & McLennanBuffett’s company exited stakes in JPMorgan, PNC and M&T BankWarren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Inc. cut its Apple Inc. holding during the last few months of the year. The conglomerate also revealed three new buys that it snapped up in secret.Berkshire bought stock in Verizon Communications Inc., insurance broker Marsh & McLennan Cos. and Chevron Corp., bets that were granted confidential status and not revealed in a third-quarter regulatory filing, according to an updated document released Tuesday. The news of the investments sent the shares of those three companies up in after-market trading.The Apple stake reduction left Berkshire with a holding valued at about $120 billion at the end of 2020, according to another filing. The iPhone maker remains Berkshire’s biggest single stock holding.Buffett and his investment deputies, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler, reshaped the portfolio over the last year as the coronavirus pandemic struck the U.S. The company was heavily invested in the banking sector, which has done well in the pandemic but is exposed to consumer finances and commercial real estate. The conglomerate has spent recent months lightening up on some of those lenders, while maintaining bets on firms such as Bank of America Corp.Berkshire cut a few bank holdings, exiting JPMorgan Chase & Co., PNC Financial Services Group Inc. and M&T Bank Corp. while slashing its Wells Fargo & Co. stake by 59%. The company also shifted recent bets on drugmakers by increasing a stake in Merck & Co Inc., Abbvie Inc. and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. It ended a recent investment in Pfizer Inc.Berkshire exited a bet on Barrick Gold Corp. The investment was a surprise when it was revealed last year, given Buffett’s years of chiding the precious metal. The company also trimmed an investment in General Motors Co., cutting that holding to a stake valued at roughly $3 billion at the end of the fourth quarter.Some of the new stakes were sizable. Berkshire held an investment in Chevron valued at nearly $4.1 billion at the end of 2020, while its Marsh & McLennan bet was valued at $499 million. Berkshire accumulated a $8.6 billion stake in Verizon, a company that it had previously bet on but cut in 2019.Verizon stock was up roughly 2.7% to $55.59 at 6:03 p.m. in New York, while Chevron gained 2.4%. Marsh & McLennan climbed less than 1% to $115 at 4:58 p.m.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":467,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":386029928,"gmtCreate":1613115534364,"gmtModify":1704878535767,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"A good news for airline industry ?","listText":"A good news for airline industry ?","text":"A good news for airline industry ?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/386029928","repostId":"2110302734","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"2110302734","kind":"highlight","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"Reuters.com brings you the latest news from around the world, covering breaking news in markets, business, politics, entertainment and technology","home_visible":1,"media_name":"Reuters","id":"1036604489","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/443ce19704621c837795676028cec868"},"pubTimestamp":1613098669,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/2110302734?lang=&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-02-12 10:57","market":"us","language":"en","title":"U.S. House committee approves another $14 bln for pandemic-hit airlines","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2110302734","media":"Reuters","summary":"By Tracy Rucinski and David Shepardson   Feb 11 (Reuters) - A U.S. House committee on Thursday appro","content":"<html><body><p>By Tracy Rucinski and David Shepardson</p><p>   Feb 11 (Reuters) - A U.S. House committee on Thursday approved a proposal to give airlines another $14 billion in payroll assistance as part of a broader COVID-19 relief package that is working its way through Congress. </p><p>   It would be the third round of support for the pandemic-hit industry. American Airlines    and United Airlines    have warned of some 27,000 furloughs without an extension of the current package that expires on April 1. </p><p>   The House of Representatives Financial Services Committee on a 29-24 vote approved the $14 billion for airlines and $1 billion for contractors to cover payroll through September.</p><p>   The funds will be included in the $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief bill proposed by President Joe Biden, whose initial plan did not include new money for airlines. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said on Thursday that she expects lawmakers to complete legislation based on the bill by the end of February.</p><p>   American Airlines said in a statement after the committee vote that the payroll support program, which covers employee wages and bans job cuts, \"has been a lifeline for our team members.\"</p><p>   U.S. airlines are burning through millions of dollars every day as the pandemic crushes travel demand.</p><p>   The Air Line Pilots Association, the largest pilot union in the world, said the funds \"would help prevent the additional financial devastation that would result from the aviation industry being forced to furlough tens of thousands of workers.\"</p><p>   Budget carriers <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SAVE\">Spirit Airlines</a>   , Allegiant Travel</p><p>  and Frontier Airlines, however, have said in recent weeks that they intend to resume pilot hiring later this year.</p><p>   Reuters first reported many of the details of the plans to provide new assistance to U.S. airlines, transit systems, airports and passenger railroad Amtrak.  </p><p> (Reporting by Tracy Rucinski and David Shepardson; Editing by Leslie Adler)</p><p>((tracy.rucinski@thomsonreuters.com;))</p></body></html>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>U.S. House committee approves another $14 bln for pandemic-hit airlines</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nU.S. House committee approves another $14 bln for pandemic-hit airlines\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1036604489\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/443ce19704621c837795676028cec868);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">Reuters </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2021-02-12 10:57</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<html><body><p>By Tracy Rucinski and David Shepardson</p><p>   Feb 11 (Reuters) - A U.S. House committee on Thursday approved a proposal to give airlines another $14 billion in payroll assistance as part of a broader COVID-19 relief package that is working its way through Congress. </p><p>   It would be the third round of support for the pandemic-hit industry. American Airlines    and United Airlines    have warned of some 27,000 furloughs without an extension of the current package that expires on April 1. </p><p>   The House of Representatives Financial Services Committee on a 29-24 vote approved the $14 billion for airlines and $1 billion for contractors to cover payroll through September.</p><p>   The funds will be included in the $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief bill proposed by President Joe Biden, whose initial plan did not include new money for airlines. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said on Thursday that she expects lawmakers to complete legislation based on the bill by the end of February.</p><p>   American Airlines said in a statement after the committee vote that the payroll support program, which covers employee wages and bans job cuts, \"has been a lifeline for our team members.\"</p><p>   U.S. airlines are burning through millions of dollars every day as the pandemic crushes travel demand.</p><p>   The Air Line Pilots Association, the largest pilot union in the world, said the funds \"would help prevent the additional financial devastation that would result from the aviation industry being forced to furlough tens of thousands of workers.\"</p><p>   Budget carriers <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SAVE\">Spirit Airlines</a>   , Allegiant Travel</p><p>  and Frontier Airlines, however, have said in recent weeks that they intend to resume pilot hiring later this year.</p><p>   Reuters first reported many of the details of the plans to provide new assistance to U.S. airlines, transit systems, airports and passenger railroad Amtrak.  </p><p> (Reporting by Tracy Rucinski and David Shepardson; Editing by Leslie Adler)</p><p>((tracy.rucinski@thomsonreuters.com;))</p></body></html>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"AAL":"美国航空","JBLU":"捷蓝航空","DAL":"达美航空","ALGT":"忠诚旅游","UAL":"联合大陆航空","SAVE":"Spirit Airlines","LUV":"西南航空"},"source_url":"http://api.rkd.refinitiv.com/api/News/News.svc/REST/News_1/RetrieveStoryML_1","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2110302734","content_text":"By Tracy Rucinski and David Shepardson   Feb 11 (Reuters) - A U.S. House committee on Thursday approved a proposal to give airlines another $14 billion in payroll assistance as part of a broader COVID-19 relief package that is working its way through Congress.    It would be the third round of support for the pandemic-hit industry. American Airlines    and United Airlines    have warned of some 27,000 furloughs without an extension of the current package that expires on April 1.    The House of Representatives Financial Services Committee on a 29-24 vote approved the $14 billion for airlines and $1 billion for contractors to cover payroll through September.   The funds will be included in the $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief bill proposed by President Joe Biden, whose initial plan did not include new money for airlines. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said on Thursday that she expects lawmakers to complete legislation based on the bill by the end of February.   American Airlines said in a statement after the committee vote that the payroll support program, which covers employee wages and bans job cuts, \"has been a lifeline for our team members.\"   U.S. airlines are burning through millions of dollars every day as the pandemic crushes travel demand.   The Air Line Pilots Association, the largest pilot union in the world, said the funds \"would help prevent the additional financial devastation that would result from the aviation industry being forced to furlough tens of thousands of workers.\"   Budget carriers Spirit Airlines   , Allegiant Travel  and Frontier Airlines, however, have said in recent weeks that they intend to resume pilot hiring later this year.   Reuters first reported many of the details of the plans to provide new assistance to U.S. airlines, transit systems, airports and passenger railroad Amtrak.   (Reporting by Tracy Rucinski and David Shepardson; Editing by Leslie Adler)((tracy.rucinski@thomsonreuters.com;))","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":353,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"hots":[{"id":385847027,"gmtCreate":1613535941369,"gmtModify":1704881746295,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"??","listText":"??","text":"??","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/385847027","repostId":"1174381857","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":467,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":386029928,"gmtCreate":1613115534364,"gmtModify":1704878535767,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"A good news for airline industry ?","listText":"A good news for airline industry ?","text":"A good news for airline industry ?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/386029928","repostId":"2110302734","repostType":2,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":353,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9947407495,"gmtCreate":1683408272517,"gmtModify":1683408276403,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","listText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","text":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9947407495","repostId":"1161451410","repostType":2,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":300,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9947522968,"gmtCreate":1683312678054,"gmtModify":1683312681878,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","listText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","text":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9947522968","repostId":"9947283955","repostType":1,"repost":{"id":9947283955,"gmtCreate":1683189601278,"gmtModify":1683189746457,"author":{"id":"3527667620927015","authorId":"3527667620927015","name":"Tiger_Earnings","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1849fb1fb43d93db3974fd09c5f65ff1","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3527667620927015","authorIdStr":"3527667620927015"},"themes":[],"title":"Earnings Movers| Reasons For EL, SBUX, QCOM's Plunge and TECH's Rose","htmlText":"On Wednesday, the Fed announced a 25bps rate hike but still not give clear attitude toward pausing rake hike. The major indexes closed with slight drop.There are some&nbsp;companies&nbsp;experienced&nbsp;roller&nbsp;coaster&nbsp;ride&nbsp;after&nbsp;the&nbsp;earnings&nbsp;release.&nbsp;You&nbsp;can&nbsp;find&nbsp;the&nbsp;stocks&nbsp;that&nbsp;rose&nbsp;or&nbsp;fell&nbsp;most&nbsp;in&nbsp;\"Movers&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Shakers\"&nbsp;on&nbsp;Tiger&nbsp;Trade&nbsp;app.In this article, we gonna brief 5 companies: <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/TECH\">$Bio-Techne(TECH)$</a> , <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/LLY\">$Eli Lilly(LLY)$</a> , <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/EL\">$Estee Lauder(EL)$</a> , <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/SBUX\">$Starbucks(SBUX)$</a>, <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/QCOM\">$Qu</a>","listText":"On Wednesday, the Fed announced a 25bps rate hike but still not give clear attitude toward pausing rake hike. The major indexes closed with slight drop.There are some&nbsp;companies&nbsp;experienced&nbsp;roller&nbsp;coaster&nbsp;ride&nbsp;after&nbsp;the&nbsp;earnings&nbsp;release.&nbsp;You&nbsp;can&nbsp;find&nbsp;the&nbsp;stocks&nbsp;that&nbsp;rose&nbsp;or&nbsp;fell&nbsp;most&nbsp;in&nbsp;\"Movers&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Shakers\"&nbsp;on&nbsp;Tiger&nbsp;Trade&nbsp;app.In this article, we gonna brief 5 companies: <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/TECH\">$Bio-Techne(TECH)$</a> , <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/LLY\">$Eli Lilly(LLY)$</a> , <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/EL\">$Estee Lauder(EL)$</a> , <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/SBUX\">$Starbucks(SBUX)$</a>, <a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/QCOM\">$Qu</a>","text":"On Wednesday, the Fed announced a 25bps rate hike but still not give clear attitude toward pausing rake hike. The major indexes closed with slight drop.There are some companies experienced roller coaster ride after the earnings release. You can find the stocks that rose or fell most in \"Movers & Shakers\" on Tiger Trade app.In this article, we gonna brief 5 companies: $Bio-Techne(TECH)$ , $Eli Lilly(LLY)$ , $Estee Lauder(EL)$ , $Starbucks(SBUX)$, $Qu","images":[{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/9dbe3b93d7677ad87bfc1f66e9484feb","width":"722","height":"687"},{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/46f1c0f52084c500bee8629de67f7a16","width":"1212","height":"611"},{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/9e903e8134fd13fec43cfcb2e055ff0a","width":"2048","height":"1858"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":2,"paper":2,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9947283955","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":0,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":8,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":235,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9947526748,"gmtCreate":1683312462185,"gmtModify":1683312466301,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","listText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","text":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9947526748","repostId":"9947269379","repostType":1,"repost":{"id":9947269379,"gmtCreate":1683198790891,"gmtModify":1683198818640,"author":{"id":"4115188532413322","authorId":"4115188532413322","name":"Tiger_Wealth","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"4115188532413322","authorIdStr":"4115188532413322"},"themes":[],"title":"25bps Rate Hike in May’s FOMC Meeting: Fed Pause on The Horizon","htmlText":"In a widely anticipated move, the US Federal Reserve raised interest rates for the 10th time in just over a year. The Fed fund rate now stands at a target range of 5%-5.25%, which is the highest it has been since August 2007.Source: Bloomberg&nbsp;During the news conference that followed the meeting, Chairman Jerome Powell confirmed that \"a decision on a pause was not made today.\" This is despite the omission of a sentence stating that “the Committee anticipates that some additional policy firming may be appropriate.\" It appears that the Fed has finally reached the terminal rates it had set out to achieve.&nbsp;S&amp;P 500 &amp; Nasdaq Index, Source: Bloomberg The bond markets initially priced a rate hike in the June Fed meeting. However, the sentiment soon changed into a likely rate pause","listText":"In a widely anticipated move, the US Federal Reserve raised interest rates for the 10th time in just over a year. The Fed fund rate now stands at a target range of 5%-5.25%, which is the highest it has been since August 2007.Source: Bloomberg&nbsp;During the news conference that followed the meeting, Chairman Jerome Powell confirmed that \"a decision on a pause was not made today.\" This is despite the omission of a sentence stating that “the Committee anticipates that some additional policy firming may be appropriate.\" It appears that the Fed has finally reached the terminal rates it had set out to achieve.&nbsp;S&amp;P 500 &amp; Nasdaq Index, Source: Bloomberg The bond markets initially priced a rate hike in the June Fed meeting. However, the sentiment soon changed into a likely rate pause","text":"In a widely anticipated move, the US Federal Reserve raised interest rates for the 10th time in just over a year. The Fed fund rate now stands at a target range of 5%-5.25%, which is the highest it has been since August 2007.Source: Bloomberg During the news conference that followed the meeting, Chairman Jerome Powell confirmed that \"a decision on a pause was not made today.\" This is despite the omission of a sentence stating that “the Committee anticipates that some additional policy firming may be appropriate.\" It appears that the Fed has finally reached the terminal rates it had set out to achieve. S&P 500 & Nasdaq Index, Source: Bloomberg The bond markets initially priced a rate hike in the June Fed meeting. However, the sentiment soon changed into a likely rate pause","images":[{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/80116eeef27dd0f8dcbc4361429d763c","width":"752","height":"462"},{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/8c180491c8a6d0bbb5ee2b75e1104e29","width":"761","height":"453"},{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/e630ae790463ff9fb94d3927639fc388","width":"774","height":"438"}],"top":1,"highlighted":2,"essential":2,"paper":2,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9947269379","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":0,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":4,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":267,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9943863449,"gmtCreate":1679357020981,"gmtModify":1679357024849,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"omggg","listText":"omggg","text":"omggg","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9943863449","repostId":"1197049348","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":513,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9957563145,"gmtCreate":1677404069988,"gmtModify":1677404074058,"author":{"id":"3567741089682818","authorId":"3567741089682818","name":"JongKT","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1e059785753b2b1120ac7e3019cfafb6","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3567741089682818","authorIdStr":"3567741089682818"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","listText":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","text":"Great ariticle, would you like to share it?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9957563145","repostId":"1117520516","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1117520516","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"Providing stock market headlines, business news, financials and earnings ","home_visible":1,"media_name":"Tiger Newspress","id":"1079075236","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1677334099,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1117520516?lang=&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2023-02-25 22:08","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Buffett’s Annual Letter: Berkshire Will Always Hold a Boatload of Cash and U.S. Treasury Bills","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1117520516","media":"Tiger Newspress","summary":"Warren Buffett is still betting on America.Stocks and bonds slumped in 2022 after central banks rais","content":"<html><head></head><body><p>Warren Buffett is still betting on America.</p><p>Stocks and bonds slumped in 2022 after central banks raised interest rates at a rapid pace to try to rein in inflation. But Mr. Buffett retained his sense of optimism in his annual letter to investors Saturday, saying he attributes much of his success over the years to the resilience of the U.S. economy.</p><p>“I have been investing for 80 years—more than one-third of our country’s lifetime. Despite our citizens’ penchant—almost enthusiasm—for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long-term bet against America,” Mr. Buffett said in the letter.</p><p>Mr. Buffett, widely regarded as one of the world’s top investors, has been publishing the letters for more than half a century. Over that time, he hasn’t just reflected on the past year for his company, Berkshire Hathaway Inc., but also shared his thoughts on everything from esoteric accounting rules to his aversion to excessive risk-taking.</p><p>Saturday’s letter offered readers a glimpse into how Mr. Buffett, 92, viewed what wound up being a shaky stretch for markets.</p><p>The volatility offered Berkshire an opportunity to jump in and buy stocks. While Berkshire largely bought back its own shares in 2021, it focused more in 2022 on investing in other companies—opening up new positions in media company Paramount Global and building-materials manufacturer Louisiana-Pacific Corp., among other businesses, and swiftly becoming Occidental Petroleum Corp.’s single biggest shareholder.</p><p>As of the end of 2022, Berkshire was the largest shareholder of eight companies—American Express Co., Bank of America Corp., Chevron Corp., Coca-Cola Co., HP Inc., Moody’s Corp., Occidental and Paramount Global.</p><p>“America would have done fine without Berkshire. The reverse is not true,” Mr. Buffett said.</p><p>Berkshire also released its results for 2022 on Saturday.</p><p>The Omaha, Neb., company, which owns businesses including insurer Geico, railroad BNSF Railway and chocolate maker See’s Candies, posted a loss of $22.82 billion for the year, stung by $67.9 billion in investment and derivative contract losses. In 2021, Berkshire posted a profit of $90.8 billion.</p><p>Total revenue rose 9.4% to $302.1 billion.</p><p>Berkshire’s operating earnings, which exclude some investment results, rose to a record $30.8 billion.</p><p>Mr. Buffett, Berkshire’s chief executive, has long held that operating earnings are a better reflection of how Berkshire is doing, since accounting rules require the company to include unrealized gains and losses from its massive investment portfolio in its net income. Volatile markets can make Berkshire’s net income change substantially from quarter to quarter, regardless of how its underlying businesses are doing.</p><p>“Capital gains, to be sure, have been hugely important to Berkshire over past decades, and we expect them to be meaningfully positive in future decades,” Mr. Buffett said in his letter. “But their quarter-by-quarter gyrations, regularly and mindlessly headlined by media, totally misinform investors,” he said, adding that he and his right-hand man Charlie Munger urged shareholders to focus instead on Berkshire’s operating earnings, which rose to a record for the full year in 2022.</p><h2>Read the full letter here:</h2><p>To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:</p><p>Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing the savings of a great number of individuals. We are grateful for their enduring trust, a relationship that often spans much of their adult lifetime. It is those dedicated savers that are forefront in my mind as I write this letter.</p><p>A common belief is that people choose to save when young, expecting thereby to maintain their living standards after retirement. Any assets that remain at death, this theory says, will usually be left to their families or, possibly, to friends and philanthropy.</p><p>Our experience has differed. We believe Berkshire’s individual holders largely to be of the once-a-saver, always-a-saver variety. Though these people live well, they eventually dispense most of their funds to philanthropic organizations. These, in turn, redistribute the funds by expenditures intended to improve the lives of a great many people who are unrelated to the original benefactor. Sometimes, the results have been spectacular.</p><p>The disposition of money unmasks humans. Charlie and I watch with pleasure the vast flow of Berkshire-generated funds to public needs and, alongside, the infrequency with which our shareholders opt for look-at-me assets and dynasty-building.</p><p>Who wouldn’t enjoy working for shareholders like ours?</p><h2>What We Do</h2><p>Charlie and I allocate your savings at Berkshire between two related forms of ownership. First, we invest in businesses that we control, usually buying 100% of each. Berkshire directs capital allocation at these subsidiaries and selects the CEOs who make day-by-day operating decisions. When large enterprises are being managed, both trust and rules are essential. Berkshire emphasizes the former to an unusual – some would say extreme – degree. Disappointments are inevitable. We are understanding about business mistakes; our tolerance for personal misconduct is zero.</p><p>In our second category of ownership, we buy publicly-traded stocks through which we passively own pieces of businesses. Holding these investments, we have no say in management.</p><p>Our goal in both forms of ownership is to make meaningful investments in businesses with both long-lasting favorable economic characteristics and trustworthy managers. Please note particularly that we own publicly-traded stocks based on our expectations about their long-term business performance, not because we view them as vehicles for adroit purchases and sales. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.</p><p>Over the years, I have made many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses currently consists of a few enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many that enjoy very good economic characteristics, and a large group that are marginal. Along the way, other businesses in which I have invested have died, their products unwanted by the public. Capitalism has two sides: The system creates an ever-growing pile of losers while concurrently delivering a gusher of improved goods and services. Schumpeter called this phenomenon “creative destruction.”</p><p>One advantage of our publicly-traded segment is that – episodically – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. It’s crucial to understand that stocks often trade at truly foolish prices, both high and low. “Efficient” markets exist only in textbooks. In truth, marketable stocks and bonds are baffling, their behavior usually understandable only in retrospect.</p><p>Controlled businesses are a different breed. They sometimes command ridiculously higher prices than justified but are almost never available at bargain valuations. Unless under duress, the owner of a controlled business gives no thought to selling at a panic-type valuation.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>At this point, a report card from me is appropriate: In 58 years of Berkshire management, most of my capital-allocation decisions have been no better than so-so. In some cases, also, bad moves by me have been rescued by very large doses of luck. (Remember our escapes from near-disasters at USAir and Salomon? I certainly do.)</p><p>Our satisfactory results have been the product of about a dozen truly good decisions – that would be about one every five years – and a sometimes-forgotten advantage that favors long-term investors such as Berkshire. Let’s take a peek behind the curtain.</p><h2>The Secret Sauce</h2><p>In August 1994 – yes, 1994 – Berkshire completed its seven-year purchase of the 400 million shares of Coca-Cola we now own. The total cost was $1.3 billion – then a very meaningful sum at Berkshire.</p><p>The cash dividend we received from Coke in 1994 was $75 million. By 2022, the dividend had increased to $704 million. Growth occurred every year, just as certain as birthdays. All Charlie and I were required to do was cash Coke’s quarterly dividend checks. We expect that those checks are highly likely to grow.</p><p>American Express is much the same story. Berkshire’s purchases of Amex were essentially completed in 1995 and, coincidentally, also cost $1.3 billion. Annual dividends received from this investment have grown from $41 million to $302 million. Those checks, too, seem highly likely to increase.</p><p>These dividend gains, though pleasing, are far from spectacular. But they bring with them important gains in stock prices. At yearend, our Coke investment was valued at $25 billion while Amex was recorded at $22 billion. Each holding now accounts for roughly 5% of Berkshire’s net worth, akin to its weighting long ago.</p><p>Assume, for a moment, I had made a similarly-sized investment mistake in the 1990s, one that flat-lined and simply retained its $1.3 billion value in 2022. (An example would be a high-grade 30-year bond.) That disappointing investment would now represent an insignificant 0.3% of Berkshire’s net worth and would be delivering to us an unchanged $80 million or so of annual income.</p><p>The lesson for investors: The weeds wither away in significance as the flowers bloom. Over time, it takes just a few winners to work wonders. And, yes, it helps to start early and live into your 90s as well.</p><h2>The Past Year in Brief</h2><p>Berkshire had a good year in 2022. The company’s operating earnings – our term for income calculated using Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), exclusive of capital gains or losses from equity holdings – set a record at $30.8 billion. Charlie and I focus on this operational figure and urge you to do so as well. The GAAP figure, absent our adjustment, fluctuates wildly and capriciously at every reporting date. Note its acrobatic behavior in 2022, which is in no way unusual:</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/69e74650656620f9fa3f1e55c15a90e5\" tg-width=\"797\" tg-height=\"207\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>The GAAP earnings are 100% misleading when viewed quarterly or even annually. Capital gains, to be sure, have been hugely important to Berkshire over past decades, and we expect them to be meaningfully positive in future decades. But their quarter-by-quarter gyrations, regularly and mindlessly headlined by media, totally misinform investors.</p><p>A second positive development for Berkshire last year was our purchase of Alleghany Corporation, a property-casualty insurer captained by Joe Brandon. I’ve worked with Joe in the past, and he understands both Berkshire  and insurance. Alleghany delivers special value to us because Berkshire’s unmatched financial strength allows its insurance subsidiaries to follow valuable and enduring investment strategies unavailable to virtually all competitors.</p><p>Aided by Alleghany, our insurance float increased during 2022 from $147 billion to $164 billion. With disciplined underwriting, these funds have a decent chance of being cost-free over time. Since purchasing our first property-casualty insurer in 1967, Berkshire’s float has increased 8,000-fold through acquisitions, operations and innovations. Though not recognized in our financial statements, this float has been an extraordinary asset for Berkshire. New shareholders can get an understanding of its value by reading our annually updated explanation of float on page A-2.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>A very minor gain in per-share intrinsic value took place in 2022 through Berkshire share repurchases as well as similar moves at Apple and American Express, both significant investees of ours. At Berkshire, we directly increased your interest in our unique collection of businesses by repurchasing 1.2% of the company’s outstanding shares. At Apple and Amex, repurchases increased Berkshire’s ownership a bit without any cost to us.</p><p>The math isn’t complicated: When the share count goes down, your interest in our many businesses goes up. Every small bit helps if repurchases are made at value-accretive prices. Just as surely, when a company overpays for repurchases, the continuing shareholders lose. At such times, gains flow only to the selling shareholders and to the friendly, but expensive, investment banker who recommended the foolish purchases.</p><p>Gains from value-accretive repurchases, it should be emphasized, benefit all owners – in every respect. Imagine, if you will, three fully-informed shareholders of a local auto dealership, one of whom manages the business. Imagine, further, that one of the passive owners wishes to sell his interest back to the company at a price attractive to the two continuing shareholders. When completed, has this transaction harmed anyone? Is the manager somehow favored over the continuing passive owners? Has the public been hurt?</p><p>When you are told that all repurchases are harmful to shareholders or to the country, or particularly beneficial to CEOs, you are listening to either an economic illiterate or a silver-tongued demagogue (characters that are not mutually exclusive).</p><p>Almost endless details of Berkshire’s 2022 operations are laid out on pages K-33 – K-66. Charlie and I, along with many Berkshire shareholders, enjoy poring over the many facts and figures laid out in that section. These pages are not, however, required reading. There are many Berkshire centimillionaires and, yes, billionaires who have never studied our financial figures. They simply know that Charlie and I – along with our families and close friends – continue to have very significant investments in Berkshire, and they trust us to treat their money as we do our own.</p><p>And that is a promise we can make.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>Finally, an important warning: Even the operating earnings figure that we favor can easily be manipulated by managers who wish to do so. Such tampering is often thought of as sophisticated by CEOs, directors and their advisors. Reporters and analysts embrace its existence as well. Beating “expectations” is heralded as a managerial triumph.</p><p>That activity is disgusting. It requires no talent to manipulate numbers: Only a deep desire to deceive is required. “Bold imaginative accounting,” as a CEO once described his deception to me, has become one of the shames of capitalism.</p><h2>58 Years – and a Few Figures</h2><p>In 1965, Berkshire was a one-trick pony, the owner of a venerable – but doomed – New England textile operation. With that business on a death march, Berkshire needed an immediate fresh start. Looking back, I was slow to recognize the severity of its problems.</p><p>And then came a stroke of good luck: National Indemnity became available in 1967, and we shifted our resources toward insurance and other non-textile operations.</p><p>Thus began our journey to 2023, a bumpy road involving a combination of continuous savings by our owners (that is, by their retaining earnings), the power of compounding, our avoidance of major mistakes and – most important of all – the American Tailwind. America would have done fine without Berkshire. The reverse is not true.</p><p>Berkshire now enjoys major ownership in an unmatched collection of huge and diversified businesses. Let’s first look at the 5,000 or so publicly-held companies that trade daily on NASDAQ, the NYSE and related venues. Within this group is housed the members of the S&amp;P 500 Index, an elite collection of large and well-known American companies.</p><p>In aggregate, the 500 earned $1.8 trillion in 2021. I don’t yet have the final results for 2022. Using, therefore, the 2021 figures, only 128 of the 500 (including Berkshire itself) earned $3 billion or more. Indeed, 23 lost money.</p><p>At yearend 2022, Berkshire was the largest owner of eight of these giants: American Express, Bank of America, Chevron, Coca-Cola, HP Inc., Moody’s, Occidental Petroleum and Paramount Global.</p><p>In addition to those eight investees, Berkshire owns 100% of BNSF and 92% of BH Energy, each with earnings that exceed the $3 billion mark noted above ($5.9 billion at BNSF and</p><p>$4.3 billion at BHE). Were these companies publicly-owned, they would replace two present members of the 500. All told, our ten controlled and non-controlled behemoths leave Berkshire more broadly aligned with the country’s economic future than is the case at any other U.S. company. (This calculation leaves aside “fiduciary” operations such as pension funds and investment companies.) In addition, Berkshire’s insurance operation, though conducted through many individually-managed subsidiaries, has a value comparable to BNSF or BHE.</p><p>As for the future, Berkshire will always hold a boatload of cash and U.S. Treasury bills along with a wide array of businesses. We will also avoid behavior that could result in any uncomfortable cash needs at inconvenient times, including financial panics and unprecedented insurance losses. Our CEO will always be the Chief Risk Officer – a task it is irresponsible to delegate. Additionally, our future CEOs will have a significant part of their net worth in Berkshire shares, bought with their own money. And yes, our shareholders will continue to save and prosper by retaining earnings.</p><p>At Berkshire, there will be no finish line.</p><h2>Some Surprising Facts About Federal Taxes</h2><p>During the decade ending in 2021, the United States Treasury received about $32.3 trillion in taxes while it spent $43.9 trillion.</p><p>Though economists, politicians and many of the public have opinions about the consequences of that huge imbalance, Charlie and I plead ignorance and firmly believe that near-term economic and market forecasts are worse than useless. Our job is to manage Berkshire’s operations and finances in a manner that will achieve an acceptable result over time and that will preserve the company’s unmatched staying power when financial panics or severe worldwide recessions occur. Berkshire also offers some modest protection from runaway inflation, but this attribute is far from perfect. Huge and entrenched fiscal deficits have consequences.</p><p>The $32 trillion of revenue was garnered by the Treasury through individual income taxes (48%), social security and related receipts (3412%), corporate income tax payments (812%) and a wide variety of lesser levies. Berkshire’s contribution via the corporate income tax was $32 billion during the decade, almost exactly a tenth of 1% of all money that the Treasury collected.</p><p>And that means – brace yourself – had there been roughly 1,000 taxpayers in the U.S. matching Berkshire’s payments, no other businesses nor any of the country’s 131 million households would have needed to pay any taxes to the federal government. Not a dime.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>Millions, billions, trillions – we all know the words, but the sums involved are almost impossible to comprehend. Let’s put physical dimensions to the numbers:</p><p>- If you convert $1 million into newly-printed $100 bills, you will have a stack that reaches your chest.</p><p>- Perform the same exercise with $1 billion – this is getting exciting! – and the stack reaches about 34 of a mile into the sky.</p><p>- Finally, imagine piling up $32 billion, the total of Berkshire’s 2012-21 federal income tax payments. Now the stack grows to more than 21 miles in height, about three times the level at which commercial airplanes usually cruise.</p><p>When it comes to federal taxes, individuals who own Berkshire can unequivocally state “I gave at the office.”</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>At Berkshire we hope and expect to pay much more in taxes during the next decade. We owe the country no less: America’s dynamism has made a huge contribution to whatever success Berkshire has achieved – a contribution Berkshire will always need. We count on the American Tailwind and, though it has been becalmed from time to time, its propelling force has always returned.</p><p>I have been investing for 80 years – more than one-third of our country’s lifetime. Despite our citizens’ penchant – almost enthusiasm – for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long-term bet against America. And I doubt very much that any reader of this letter will have a different experience in the future.</p><h2>Nothing Beats Having a Great Partner</h2><p>Charlie and I think pretty much alike. But what it takes me a page to explain, he sums up in a sentence. His version, moreover, is always more clearly reasoned and also more artfully – some might add bluntly – stated.</p><p>Here are a few of his thoughts, many lifted from a very recent podcast:</p><p>- The world is full of foolish gamblers, and they will not do as well as the patient investor.</p><p>- If you don’t see the world the way it is, it’s like judging something through a distorted lens.</p><p>- All I want to know is where I’m going to die, so I’ll never go there. And a related thought: Early on, write your desired obituary – and then behave accordingly.</p><p>- If you don’t care whether you are rational or not, you won’t work on it. Then you will stay irrational and get lousy results.</p><p>- Patience can be learned. Having a long attention span and the ability to concentrate on one thing for a long time is a huge advantage.</p><p>- You can learn a lot from dead people. Read of the deceased you admire and detest.</p><p>- Don’t bail away in a sinking boat if you can swim to one that is seaworthy.</p><p>- A great company keeps working after you are not; a mediocre company won’t do that.</p><p>- Warren and I don’t focus on the froth of the market. We seek out good long-term investments and stubbornly hold them for a long time.</p><p>- Ben Graham said, “Day to day, the stock market is a voting machine; in the long term it’s a weighing machine.” If you keep making something more valuable, then some wise person is going to notice it and start buying.</p><p>- There is no such thing as a 100% sure thing when investing. Thus, the use of leverage is dangerous. A string of wonderful numbers times zero will always equal zero. Don’t count on getting rich twice.</p><p>- You don’t, however, need to own a lot of things in order to get rich.</p><p>- You have to keep learning if you want to become a great investor. When the world changes, you must change.</p><p>- Warren and I hated railroad stocks for decades, but the world changed and finally the country had four huge railroads of vital importance to the American economy. We were slow to recognize the change, but better late than never.</p><p>- Finally, I will add two short sentences by Charlie that have been his decision-clinchers for decades: “Warren, think more about it. You’re smart and I’m right.”</p><p>And so it goes. I never have a phone call with Charlie without learning something. And, while he makes me think, he also makes me laugh.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>I will add to Charlie’s list a rule of my own:   Find   a   very   smart   high-grade partner – preferably slightly older than you – and then listen very carefully to what he says.</p><h2>A Family Gathering in Omaha</h2><p>Charlie and I are shameless. Last year, at our first shareholder get-together in three years, we greeted you with our usual commercial hustle.</p><p>From the opening bell, we went straight for your wallet. In short order, our See’s kiosk sold you eleven tons of nourishing peanut brittle and chocolates. In our P.T. Barnum pitch, we promised you longevity. After all, what else but candy from See’s could account for Charlie and me making it to 99 and 92?</p><p>I know you can’t wait to hear the specifics of last year’s hustle.</p><p>On Friday, the doors were open from noon until 5 p.m., and our candy counters rang up 2,690 individual sales. On Saturday, See’s registered an additional 3,931 transactions between 7 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., despite the fact that 612 of the 912 operating hours occurred while our movie and the question-and-answer session were limiting commercial traffic.</p><p>Do the math: See’s rang up about 10 sales per minute during its prime operating time (racking up $400,309 of volume during the two days), with all the goods purchased at a single location selling products that haven’t been materially altered in 101 years. What worked for See’s in the days of Henry Ford’s model T works now.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>Charlie, I, and the entire Berkshire bunch look forward to seeing you in Omaha on May 5-6. We will have a good time and so will you.</p><p>February 25, 2023 Warren E. Buffett </p><p>Chairman of the Board</p></body></html>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Buffett’s Annual Letter: Berkshire Will Always Hold a Boatload of Cash and U.S. Treasury Bills</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nBuffett’s Annual Letter: Berkshire Will Always Hold a Boatload of Cash and U.S. Treasury Bills\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1079075236\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">Tiger Newspress </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2023-02-25 22:08</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<html><head></head><body><p>Warren Buffett is still betting on America.</p><p>Stocks and bonds slumped in 2022 after central banks raised interest rates at a rapid pace to try to rein in inflation. But Mr. Buffett retained his sense of optimism in his annual letter to investors Saturday, saying he attributes much of his success over the years to the resilience of the U.S. economy.</p><p>“I have been investing for 80 years—more than one-third of our country’s lifetime. Despite our citizens’ penchant—almost enthusiasm—for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long-term bet against America,” Mr. Buffett said in the letter.</p><p>Mr. Buffett, widely regarded as one of the world’s top investors, has been publishing the letters for more than half a century. Over that time, he hasn’t just reflected on the past year for his company, Berkshire Hathaway Inc., but also shared his thoughts on everything from esoteric accounting rules to his aversion to excessive risk-taking.</p><p>Saturday’s letter offered readers a glimpse into how Mr. Buffett, 92, viewed what wound up being a shaky stretch for markets.</p><p>The volatility offered Berkshire an opportunity to jump in and buy stocks. While Berkshire largely bought back its own shares in 2021, it focused more in 2022 on investing in other companies—opening up new positions in media company Paramount Global and building-materials manufacturer Louisiana-Pacific Corp., among other businesses, and swiftly becoming Occidental Petroleum Corp.’s single biggest shareholder.</p><p>As of the end of 2022, Berkshire was the largest shareholder of eight companies—American Express Co., Bank of America Corp., Chevron Corp., Coca-Cola Co., HP Inc., Moody’s Corp., Occidental and Paramount Global.</p><p>“America would have done fine without Berkshire. The reverse is not true,” Mr. Buffett said.</p><p>Berkshire also released its results for 2022 on Saturday.</p><p>The Omaha, Neb., company, which owns businesses including insurer Geico, railroad BNSF Railway and chocolate maker See’s Candies, posted a loss of $22.82 billion for the year, stung by $67.9 billion in investment and derivative contract losses. In 2021, Berkshire posted a profit of $90.8 billion.</p><p>Total revenue rose 9.4% to $302.1 billion.</p><p>Berkshire’s operating earnings, which exclude some investment results, rose to a record $30.8 billion.</p><p>Mr. Buffett, Berkshire’s chief executive, has long held that operating earnings are a better reflection of how Berkshire is doing, since accounting rules require the company to include unrealized gains and losses from its massive investment portfolio in its net income. Volatile markets can make Berkshire’s net income change substantially from quarter to quarter, regardless of how its underlying businesses are doing.</p><p>“Capital gains, to be sure, have been hugely important to Berkshire over past decades, and we expect them to be meaningfully positive in future decades,” Mr. Buffett said in his letter. “But their quarter-by-quarter gyrations, regularly and mindlessly headlined by media, totally misinform investors,” he said, adding that he and his right-hand man Charlie Munger urged shareholders to focus instead on Berkshire’s operating earnings, which rose to a record for the full year in 2022.</p><h2>Read the full letter here:</h2><p>To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:</p><p>Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing the savings of a great number of individuals. We are grateful for their enduring trust, a relationship that often spans much of their adult lifetime. It is those dedicated savers that are forefront in my mind as I write this letter.</p><p>A common belief is that people choose to save when young, expecting thereby to maintain their living standards after retirement. Any assets that remain at death, this theory says, will usually be left to their families or, possibly, to friends and philanthropy.</p><p>Our experience has differed. We believe Berkshire’s individual holders largely to be of the once-a-saver, always-a-saver variety. Though these people live well, they eventually dispense most of their funds to philanthropic organizations. These, in turn, redistribute the funds by expenditures intended to improve the lives of a great many people who are unrelated to the original benefactor. Sometimes, the results have been spectacular.</p><p>The disposition of money unmasks humans. Charlie and I watch with pleasure the vast flow of Berkshire-generated funds to public needs and, alongside, the infrequency with which our shareholders opt for look-at-me assets and dynasty-building.</p><p>Who wouldn’t enjoy working for shareholders like ours?</p><h2>What We Do</h2><p>Charlie and I allocate your savings at Berkshire between two related forms of ownership. First, we invest in businesses that we control, usually buying 100% of each. Berkshire directs capital allocation at these subsidiaries and selects the CEOs who make day-by-day operating decisions. When large enterprises are being managed, both trust and rules are essential. Berkshire emphasizes the former to an unusual – some would say extreme – degree. Disappointments are inevitable. We are understanding about business mistakes; our tolerance for personal misconduct is zero.</p><p>In our second category of ownership, we buy publicly-traded stocks through which we passively own pieces of businesses. Holding these investments, we have no say in management.</p><p>Our goal in both forms of ownership is to make meaningful investments in businesses with both long-lasting favorable economic characteristics and trustworthy managers. Please note particularly that we own publicly-traded stocks based on our expectations about their long-term business performance, not because we view them as vehicles for adroit purchases and sales. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.</p><p>Over the years, I have made many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses currently consists of a few enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many that enjoy very good economic characteristics, and a large group that are marginal. Along the way, other businesses in which I have invested have died, their products unwanted by the public. Capitalism has two sides: The system creates an ever-growing pile of losers while concurrently delivering a gusher of improved goods and services. Schumpeter called this phenomenon “creative destruction.”</p><p>One advantage of our publicly-traded segment is that – episodically – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. It’s crucial to understand that stocks often trade at truly foolish prices, both high and low. “Efficient” markets exist only in textbooks. In truth, marketable stocks and bonds are baffling, their behavior usually understandable only in retrospect.</p><p>Controlled businesses are a different breed. They sometimes command ridiculously higher prices than justified but are almost never available at bargain valuations. Unless under duress, the owner of a controlled business gives no thought to selling at a panic-type valuation.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>At this point, a report card from me is appropriate: In 58 years of Berkshire management, most of my capital-allocation decisions have been no better than so-so. In some cases, also, bad moves by me have been rescued by very large doses of luck. (Remember our escapes from near-disasters at USAir and Salomon? I certainly do.)</p><p>Our satisfactory results have been the product of about a dozen truly good decisions – that would be about one every five years – and a sometimes-forgotten advantage that favors long-term investors such as Berkshire. Let’s take a peek behind the curtain.</p><h2>The Secret Sauce</h2><p>In August 1994 – yes, 1994 – Berkshire completed its seven-year purchase of the 400 million shares of Coca-Cola we now own. The total cost was $1.3 billion – then a very meaningful sum at Berkshire.</p><p>The cash dividend we received from Coke in 1994 was $75 million. By 2022, the dividend had increased to $704 million. Growth occurred every year, just as certain as birthdays. All Charlie and I were required to do was cash Coke’s quarterly dividend checks. We expect that those checks are highly likely to grow.</p><p>American Express is much the same story. Berkshire’s purchases of Amex were essentially completed in 1995 and, coincidentally, also cost $1.3 billion. Annual dividends received from this investment have grown from $41 million to $302 million. Those checks, too, seem highly likely to increase.</p><p>These dividend gains, though pleasing, are far from spectacular. But they bring with them important gains in stock prices. At yearend, our Coke investment was valued at $25 billion while Amex was recorded at $22 billion. Each holding now accounts for roughly 5% of Berkshire’s net worth, akin to its weighting long ago.</p><p>Assume, for a moment, I had made a similarly-sized investment mistake in the 1990s, one that flat-lined and simply retained its $1.3 billion value in 2022. (An example would be a high-grade 30-year bond.) That disappointing investment would now represent an insignificant 0.3% of Berkshire’s net worth and would be delivering to us an unchanged $80 million or so of annual income.</p><p>The lesson for investors: The weeds wither away in significance as the flowers bloom. Over time, it takes just a few winners to work wonders. And, yes, it helps to start early and live into your 90s as well.</p><h2>The Past Year in Brief</h2><p>Berkshire had a good year in 2022. The company’s operating earnings – our term for income calculated using Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), exclusive of capital gains or losses from equity holdings – set a record at $30.8 billion. Charlie and I focus on this operational figure and urge you to do so as well. The GAAP figure, absent our adjustment, fluctuates wildly and capriciously at every reporting date. Note its acrobatic behavior in 2022, which is in no way unusual:</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/69e74650656620f9fa3f1e55c15a90e5\" tg-width=\"797\" tg-height=\"207\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>The GAAP earnings are 100% misleading when viewed quarterly or even annually. Capital gains, to be sure, have been hugely important to Berkshire over past decades, and we expect them to be meaningfully positive in future decades. But their quarter-by-quarter gyrations, regularly and mindlessly headlined by media, totally misinform investors.</p><p>A second positive development for Berkshire last year was our purchase of Alleghany Corporation, a property-casualty insurer captained by Joe Brandon. I’ve worked with Joe in the past, and he understands both Berkshire  and insurance. Alleghany delivers special value to us because Berkshire’s unmatched financial strength allows its insurance subsidiaries to follow valuable and enduring investment strategies unavailable to virtually all competitors.</p><p>Aided by Alleghany, our insurance float increased during 2022 from $147 billion to $164 billion. With disciplined underwriting, these funds have a decent chance of being cost-free over time. Since purchasing our first property-casualty insurer in 1967, Berkshire’s float has increased 8,000-fold through acquisitions, operations and innovations. Though not recognized in our financial statements, this float has been an extraordinary asset for Berkshire. New shareholders can get an understanding of its value by reading our annually updated explanation of float on page A-2.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>A very minor gain in per-share intrinsic value took place in 2022 through Berkshire share repurchases as well as similar moves at Apple and American Express, both significant investees of ours. At Berkshire, we directly increased your interest in our unique collection of businesses by repurchasing 1.2% of the company’s outstanding shares. At Apple and Amex, repurchases increased Berkshire’s ownership a bit without any cost to us.</p><p>The math isn’t complicated: When the share count goes down, your interest in our many businesses goes up. Every small bit helps if repurchases are made at value-accretive prices. Just as surely, when a company overpays for repurchases, the continuing shareholders lose. At such times, gains flow only to the selling shareholders and to the friendly, but expensive, investment banker who recommended the foolish purchases.</p><p>Gains from value-accretive repurchases, it should be emphasized, benefit all owners – in every respect. Imagine, if you will, three fully-informed shareholders of a local auto dealership, one of whom manages the business. Imagine, further, that one of the passive owners wishes to sell his interest back to the company at a price attractive to the two continuing shareholders. When completed, has this transaction harmed anyone? Is the manager somehow favored over the continuing passive owners? Has the public been hurt?</p><p>When you are told that all repurchases are harmful to shareholders or to the country, or particularly beneficial to CEOs, you are listening to either an economic illiterate or a silver-tongued demagogue (characters that are not mutually exclusive).</p><p>Almost endless details of Berkshire’s 2022 operations are laid out on pages K-33 – K-66. Charlie and I, along with many Berkshire shareholders, enjoy poring over the many facts and figures laid out in that section. These pages are not, however, required reading. There are many Berkshire centimillionaires and, yes, billionaires who have never studied our financial figures. They simply know that Charlie and I – along with our families and close friends – continue to have very significant investments in Berkshire, and they trust us to treat their money as we do our own.</p><p>And that is a promise we can make.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>Finally, an important warning: Even the operating earnings figure that we favor can easily be manipulated by managers who wish to do so. Such tampering is often thought of as sophisticated by CEOs, directors and their advisors. Reporters and analysts embrace its existence as well. Beating “expectations” is heralded as a managerial triumph.</p><p>That activity is disgusting. It requires no talent to manipulate numbers: Only a deep desire to deceive is required. “Bold imaginative accounting,” as a CEO once described his deception to me, has become one of the shames of capitalism.</p><h2>58 Years – and a Few Figures</h2><p>In 1965, Berkshire was a one-trick pony, the owner of a venerable – but doomed – New England textile operation. With that business on a death march, Berkshire needed an immediate fresh start. Looking back, I was slow to recognize the severity of its problems.</p><p>And then came a stroke of good luck: National Indemnity became available in 1967, and we shifted our resources toward insurance and other non-textile operations.</p><p>Thus began our journey to 2023, a bumpy road involving a combination of continuous savings by our owners (that is, by their retaining earnings), the power of compounding, our avoidance of major mistakes and – most important of all – the American Tailwind. America would have done fine without Berkshire. The reverse is not true.</p><p>Berkshire now enjoys major ownership in an unmatched collection of huge and diversified businesses. Let’s first look at the 5,000 or so publicly-held companies that trade daily on NASDAQ, the NYSE and related venues. Within this group is housed the members of the S&amp;P 500 Index, an elite collection of large and well-known American companies.</p><p>In aggregate, the 500 earned $1.8 trillion in 2021. I don’t yet have the final results for 2022. Using, therefore, the 2021 figures, only 128 of the 500 (including Berkshire itself) earned $3 billion or more. Indeed, 23 lost money.</p><p>At yearend 2022, Berkshire was the largest owner of eight of these giants: American Express, Bank of America, Chevron, Coca-Cola, HP Inc., Moody’s, Occidental Petroleum and Paramount Global.</p><p>In addition to those eight investees, Berkshire owns 100% of BNSF and 92% of BH Energy, each with earnings that exceed the $3 billion mark noted above ($5.9 billion at BNSF and</p><p>$4.3 billion at BHE). Were these companies publicly-owned, they would replace two present members of the 500. All told, our ten controlled and non-controlled behemoths leave Berkshire more broadly aligned with the country’s economic future than is the case at any other U.S. company. (This calculation leaves aside “fiduciary” operations such as pension funds and investment companies.) In addition, Berkshire’s insurance operation, though conducted through many individually-managed subsidiaries, has a value comparable to BNSF or BHE.</p><p>As for the future, Berkshire will always hold a boatload of cash and U.S. Treasury bills along with a wide array of businesses. We will also avoid behavior that could result in any uncomfortable cash needs at inconvenient times, including financial panics and unprecedented insurance losses. Our CEO will always be the Chief Risk Officer – a task it is irresponsible to delegate. Additionally, our future CEOs will have a significant part of their net worth in Berkshire shares, bought with their own money. And yes, our shareholders will continue to save and prosper by retaining earnings.</p><p>At Berkshire, there will be no finish line.</p><h2>Some Surprising Facts About Federal Taxes</h2><p>During the decade ending in 2021, the United States Treasury received about $32.3 trillion in taxes while it spent $43.9 trillion.</p><p>Though economists, politicians and many of the public have opinions about the consequences of that huge imbalance, Charlie and I plead ignorance and firmly believe that near-term economic and market forecasts are worse than useless. Our job is to manage Berkshire’s operations and finances in a manner that will achieve an acceptable result over time and that will preserve the company’s unmatched staying power when financial panics or severe worldwide recessions occur. Berkshire also offers some modest protection from runaway inflation, but this attribute is far from perfect. Huge and entrenched fiscal deficits have consequences.</p><p>The $32 trillion of revenue was garnered by the Treasury through individual income taxes (48%), social security and related receipts (3412%), corporate income tax payments (812%) and a wide variety of lesser levies. Berkshire’s contribution via the corporate income tax was $32 billion during the decade, almost exactly a tenth of 1% of all money that the Treasury collected.</p><p>And that means – brace yourself – had there been roughly 1,000 taxpayers in the U.S. matching Berkshire’s payments, no other businesses nor any of the country’s 131 million households would have needed to pay any taxes to the federal government. Not a dime.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>Millions, billions, trillions – we all know the words, but the sums involved are almost impossible to comprehend. Let’s put physical dimensions to the numbers:</p><p>- If you convert $1 million into newly-printed $100 bills, you will have a stack that reaches your chest.</p><p>- Perform the same exercise with $1 billion – this is getting exciting! – and the stack reaches about 34 of a mile into the sky.</p><p>- Finally, imagine piling up $32 billion, the total of Berkshire’s 2012-21 federal income tax payments. Now the stack grows to more than 21 miles in height, about three times the level at which commercial airplanes usually cruise.</p><p>When it comes to federal taxes, individuals who own Berkshire can unequivocally state “I gave at the office.”</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>At Berkshire we hope and expect to pay much more in taxes during the next decade. We owe the country no less: America’s dynamism has made a huge contribution to whatever success Berkshire has achieved – a contribution Berkshire will always need. We count on the American Tailwind and, though it has been becalmed from time to time, its propelling force has always returned.</p><p>I have been investing for 80 years – more than one-third of our country’s lifetime. Despite our citizens’ penchant – almost enthusiasm – for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long-term bet against America. And I doubt very much that any reader of this letter will have a different experience in the future.</p><h2>Nothing Beats Having a Great Partner</h2><p>Charlie and I think pretty much alike. But what it takes me a page to explain, he sums up in a sentence. His version, moreover, is always more clearly reasoned and also more artfully – some might add bluntly – stated.</p><p>Here are a few of his thoughts, many lifted from a very recent podcast:</p><p>- The world is full of foolish gamblers, and they will not do as well as the patient investor.</p><p>- If you don’t see the world the way it is, it’s like judging something through a distorted lens.</p><p>- All I want to know is where I’m going to die, so I’ll never go there. And a related thought: Early on, write your desired obituary – and then behave accordingly.</p><p>- If you don’t care whether you are rational or not, you won’t work on it. Then you will stay irrational and get lousy results.</p><p>- Patience can be learned. Having a long attention span and the ability to concentrate on one thing for a long time is a huge advantage.</p><p>- You can learn a lot from dead people. Read of the deceased you admire and detest.</p><p>- Don’t bail away in a sinking boat if you can swim to one that is seaworthy.</p><p>- A great company keeps working after you are not; a mediocre company won’t do that.</p><p>- Warren and I don’t focus on the froth of the market. We seek out good long-term investments and stubbornly hold them for a long time.</p><p>- Ben Graham said, “Day to day, the stock market is a voting machine; in the long term it’s a weighing machine.” If you keep making something more valuable, then some wise person is going to notice it and start buying.</p><p>- There is no such thing as a 100% sure thing when investing. Thus, the use of leverage is dangerous. A string of wonderful numbers times zero will always equal zero. Don’t count on getting rich twice.</p><p>- You don’t, however, need to own a lot of things in order to get rich.</p><p>- You have to keep learning if you want to become a great investor. When the world changes, you must change.</p><p>- Warren and I hated railroad stocks for decades, but the world changed and finally the country had four huge railroads of vital importance to the American economy. We were slow to recognize the change, but better late than never.</p><p>- Finally, I will add two short sentences by Charlie that have been his decision-clinchers for decades: “Warren, think more about it. You’re smart and I’m right.”</p><p>And so it goes. I never have a phone call with Charlie without learning something. And, while he makes me think, he also makes me laugh.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>I will add to Charlie’s list a rule of my own:   Find   a   very   smart   high-grade partner – preferably slightly older than you – and then listen very carefully to what he says.</p><h2>A Family Gathering in Omaha</h2><p>Charlie and I are shameless. Last year, at our first shareholder get-together in three years, we greeted you with our usual commercial hustle.</p><p>From the opening bell, we went straight for your wallet. In short order, our See’s kiosk sold you eleven tons of nourishing peanut brittle and chocolates. In our P.T. Barnum pitch, we promised you longevity. After all, what else but candy from See’s could account for Charlie and me making it to 99 and 92?</p><p>I know you can’t wait to hear the specifics of last year’s hustle.</p><p>On Friday, the doors were open from noon until 5 p.m., and our candy counters rang up 2,690 individual sales. On Saturday, See’s registered an additional 3,931 transactions between 7 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., despite the fact that 612 of the 912 operating hours occurred while our movie and the question-and-answer session were limiting commercial traffic.</p><p>Do the math: See’s rang up about 10 sales per minute during its prime operating time (racking up $400,309 of volume during the two days), with all the goods purchased at a single location selling products that haven’t been materially altered in 101 years. What worked for See’s in the days of Henry Ford’s model T works now.</p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p>Charlie, I, and the entire Berkshire bunch look forward to seeing you in Omaha on May 5-6. We will have a good time and so will you.</p><p>February 25, 2023 Warren E. Buffett </p><p>Chairman of the Board</p></body></html>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"BRK.A":"伯克希尔","BRK.B":"伯克希尔B"},"source_url":"","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1117520516","content_text":"Warren Buffett is still betting on America.Stocks and bonds slumped in 2022 after central banks raised interest rates at a rapid pace to try to rein in inflation. But Mr. Buffett retained his sense of optimism in his annual letter to investors Saturday, saying he attributes much of his success over the years to the resilience of the U.S. economy.“I have been investing for 80 years—more than one-third of our country’s lifetime. Despite our citizens’ penchant—almost enthusiasm—for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long-term bet against America,” Mr. Buffett said in the letter.Mr. Buffett, widely regarded as one of the world’s top investors, has been publishing the letters for more than half a century. Over that time, he hasn’t just reflected on the past year for his company, Berkshire Hathaway Inc., but also shared his thoughts on everything from esoteric accounting rules to his aversion to excessive risk-taking.Saturday’s letter offered readers a glimpse into how Mr. Buffett, 92, viewed what wound up being a shaky stretch for markets.The volatility offered Berkshire an opportunity to jump in and buy stocks. While Berkshire largely bought back its own shares in 2021, it focused more in 2022 on investing in other companies—opening up new positions in media company Paramount Global and building-materials manufacturer Louisiana-Pacific Corp., among other businesses, and swiftly becoming Occidental Petroleum Corp.’s single biggest shareholder.As of the end of 2022, Berkshire was the largest shareholder of eight companies—American Express Co., Bank of America Corp., Chevron Corp., Coca-Cola Co., HP Inc., Moody’s Corp., Occidental and Paramount Global.“America would have done fine without Berkshire. The reverse is not true,” Mr. Buffett said.Berkshire also released its results for 2022 on Saturday.The Omaha, Neb., company, which owns businesses including insurer Geico, railroad BNSF Railway and chocolate maker See’s Candies, posted a loss of $22.82 billion for the year, stung by $67.9 billion in investment and derivative contract losses. In 2021, Berkshire posted a profit of $90.8 billion.Total revenue rose 9.4% to $302.1 billion.Berkshire’s operating earnings, which exclude some investment results, rose to a record $30.8 billion.Mr. Buffett, Berkshire’s chief executive, has long held that operating earnings are a better reflection of how Berkshire is doing, since accounting rules require the company to include unrealized gains and losses from its massive investment portfolio in its net income. Volatile markets can make Berkshire’s net income change substantially from quarter to quarter, regardless of how its underlying businesses are doing.“Capital gains, to be sure, have been hugely important to Berkshire over past decades, and we expect them to be meaningfully positive in future decades,” Mr. Buffett said in his letter. “But their quarter-by-quarter gyrations, regularly and mindlessly headlined by media, totally misinform investors,” he said, adding that he and his right-hand man Charlie Munger urged shareholders to focus instead on Berkshire’s operating earnings, which rose to a record for the full year in 2022.Read the full letter here:To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing the savings of a great number of individuals. We are grateful for their enduring trust, a relationship that often spans much of their adult lifetime. It is those dedicated savers that are forefront in my mind as I write this letter.A common belief is that people choose to save when young, expecting thereby to maintain their living standards after retirement. Any assets that remain at death, this theory says, will usually be left to their families or, possibly, to friends and philanthropy.Our experience has differed. We believe Berkshire’s individual holders largely to be of the once-a-saver, always-a-saver variety. Though these people live well, they eventually dispense most of their funds to philanthropic organizations. These, in turn, redistribute the funds by expenditures intended to improve the lives of a great many people who are unrelated to the original benefactor. Sometimes, the results have been spectacular.The disposition of money unmasks humans. Charlie and I watch with pleasure the vast flow of Berkshire-generated funds to public needs and, alongside, the infrequency with which our shareholders opt for look-at-me assets and dynasty-building.Who wouldn’t enjoy working for shareholders like ours?What We DoCharlie and I allocate your savings at Berkshire between two related forms of ownership. First, we invest in businesses that we control, usually buying 100% of each. Berkshire directs capital allocation at these subsidiaries and selects the CEOs who make day-by-day operating decisions. When large enterprises are being managed, both trust and rules are essential. Berkshire emphasizes the former to an unusual – some would say extreme – degree. Disappointments are inevitable. We are understanding about business mistakes; our tolerance for personal misconduct is zero.In our second category of ownership, we buy publicly-traded stocks through which we passively own pieces of businesses. Holding these investments, we have no say in management.Our goal in both forms of ownership is to make meaningful investments in businesses with both long-lasting favorable economic characteristics and trustworthy managers. Please note particularly that we own publicly-traded stocks based on our expectations about their long-term business performance, not because we view them as vehicles for adroit purchases and sales. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.Over the years, I have made many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses currently consists of a few enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many that enjoy very good economic characteristics, and a large group that are marginal. Along the way, other businesses in which I have invested have died, their products unwanted by the public. Capitalism has two sides: The system creates an ever-growing pile of losers while concurrently delivering a gusher of improved goods and services. Schumpeter called this phenomenon “creative destruction.”One advantage of our publicly-traded segment is that – episodically – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. It’s crucial to understand that stocks often trade at truly foolish prices, both high and low. “Efficient” markets exist only in textbooks. In truth, marketable stocks and bonds are baffling, their behavior usually understandable only in retrospect.Controlled businesses are a different breed. They sometimes command ridiculously higher prices than justified but are almost never available at bargain valuations. Unless under duress, the owner of a controlled business gives no thought to selling at a panic-type valuation.* * * * * * * * * * * *At this point, a report card from me is appropriate: In 58 years of Berkshire management, most of my capital-allocation decisions have been no better than so-so. In some cases, also, bad moves by me have been rescued by very large doses of luck. (Remember our escapes from near-disasters at USAir and Salomon? I certainly do.)Our satisfactory results have been the product of about a dozen truly good decisions – that would be about one every five years – and a sometimes-forgotten advantage that favors long-term investors such as Berkshire. Let’s take a peek behind the curtain.The Secret SauceIn August 1994 – yes, 1994 – Berkshire completed its seven-year purchase of the 400 million shares of Coca-Cola we now own. The total cost was $1.3 billion – then a very meaningful sum at Berkshire.The cash dividend we received from Coke in 1994 was $75 million. By 2022, the dividend had increased to $704 million. Growth occurred every year, just as certain as birthdays. All Charlie and I were required to do was cash Coke’s quarterly dividend checks. We expect that those checks are highly likely to grow.American Express is much the same story. Berkshire’s purchases of Amex were essentially completed in 1995 and, coincidentally, also cost $1.3 billion. Annual dividends received from this investment have grown from $41 million to $302 million. Those checks, too, seem highly likely to increase.These dividend gains, though pleasing, are far from spectacular. But they bring with them important gains in stock prices. At yearend, our Coke investment was valued at $25 billion while Amex was recorded at $22 billion. Each holding now accounts for roughly 5% of Berkshire’s net worth, akin to its weighting long ago.Assume, for a moment, I had made a similarly-sized investment mistake in the 1990s, one that flat-lined and simply retained its $1.3 billion value in 2022. (An example would be a high-grade 30-year bond.) That disappointing investment would now represent an insignificant 0.3% of Berkshire’s net worth and would be delivering to us an unchanged $80 million or so of annual income.The lesson for investors: The weeds wither away in significance as the flowers bloom. Over time, it takes just a few winners to work wonders. And, yes, it helps to start early and live into your 90s as well.The Past Year in BriefBerkshire had a good year in 2022. The company’s operating earnings – our term for income calculated using Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), exclusive of capital gains or losses from equity holdings – set a record at $30.8 billion. Charlie and I focus on this operational figure and urge you to do so as well. The GAAP figure, absent our adjustment, fluctuates wildly and capriciously at every reporting date. Note its acrobatic behavior in 2022, which is in no way unusual:The GAAP earnings are 100% misleading when viewed quarterly or even annually. Capital gains, to be sure, have been hugely important to Berkshire over past decades, and we expect them to be meaningfully positive in future decades. But their quarter-by-quarter gyrations, regularly and mindlessly headlined by media, totally misinform investors.A second positive development for Berkshire last year was our purchase of Alleghany Corporation, a property-casualty insurer captained by Joe Brandon. I’ve worked with Joe in the past, and he understands both Berkshire  and insurance. Alleghany delivers special value to us because Berkshire’s unmatched financial strength allows its insurance subsidiaries to follow valuable and enduring investment strategies unavailable to virtually all competitors.Aided by Alleghany, our insurance float increased during 2022 from $147 billion to $164 billion. With disciplined underwriting, these funds have a decent chance of being cost-free over time. Since purchasing our first property-casualty insurer in 1967, Berkshire’s float has increased 8,000-fold through acquisitions, operations and innovations. Though not recognized in our financial statements, this float has been an extraordinary asset for Berkshire. New shareholders can get an understanding of its value by reading our annually updated explanation of float on page A-2.* * * * * * * * * * * *A very minor gain in per-share intrinsic value took place in 2022 through Berkshire share repurchases as well as similar moves at Apple and American Express, both significant investees of ours. At Berkshire, we directly increased your interest in our unique collection of businesses by repurchasing 1.2% of the company’s outstanding shares. At Apple and Amex, repurchases increased Berkshire’s ownership a bit without any cost to us.The math isn’t complicated: When the share count goes down, your interest in our many businesses goes up. Every small bit helps if repurchases are made at value-accretive prices. Just as surely, when a company overpays for repurchases, the continuing shareholders lose. At such times, gains flow only to the selling shareholders and to the friendly, but expensive, investment banker who recommended the foolish purchases.Gains from value-accretive repurchases, it should be emphasized, benefit all owners – in every respect. Imagine, if you will, three fully-informed shareholders of a local auto dealership, one of whom manages the business. Imagine, further, that one of the passive owners wishes to sell his interest back to the company at a price attractive to the two continuing shareholders. When completed, has this transaction harmed anyone? Is the manager somehow favored over the continuing passive owners? Has the public been hurt?When you are told that all repurchases are harmful to shareholders or to the country, or particularly beneficial to CEOs, you are listening to either an economic illiterate or a silver-tongued demagogue (characters that are not mutually exclusive).Almost endless details of Berkshire’s 2022 operations are laid out on pages K-33 – K-66. Charlie and I, along with many Berkshire shareholders, enjoy poring over the many facts and figures laid out in that section. These pages are not, however, required reading. There are many Berkshire centimillionaires and, yes, billionaires who have never studied our financial figures. They simply know that Charlie and I – along with our families and close friends – continue to have very significant investments in Berkshire, and they trust us to treat their money as we do our own.And that is a promise we can make.* * * * * * * * * * * *Finally, an important warning: Even the operating earnings figure that we favor can easily be manipulated by managers who wish to do so. Such tampering is often thought of as sophisticated by CEOs, directors and their advisors. Reporters and analysts embrace its existence as well. Beating “expectations” is heralded as a managerial triumph.That activity is disgusting. It requires no talent to manipulate numbers: Only a deep desire to deceive is required. “Bold imaginative accounting,” as a CEO once described his deception to me, has become one of the shames of capitalism.58 Years – and a Few FiguresIn 1965, Berkshire was a one-trick pony, the owner of a venerable – but doomed – New England textile operation. With that business on a death march, Berkshire needed an immediate fresh start. Looking back, I was slow to recognize the severity of its problems.And then came a stroke of good luck: National Indemnity became available in 1967, and we shifted our resources toward insurance and other non-textile operations.Thus began our journey to 2023, a bumpy road involving a combination of continuous savings by our owners (that is, by their retaining earnings), the power of compounding, our avoidance of major mistakes and – most important of all – the American Tailwind. America would have done fine without Berkshire. The reverse is not true.Berkshire now enjoys major ownership in an unmatched collection of huge and diversified businesses. Let’s first look at the 5,000 or so publicly-held companies that trade daily on NASDAQ, the NYSE and related venues. Within this group is housed the members of the S&P 500 Index, an elite collection of large and well-known American companies.In aggregate, the 500 earned $1.8 trillion in 2021. I don’t yet have the final results for 2022. Using, therefore, the 2021 figures, only 128 of the 500 (including Berkshire itself) earned $3 billion or more. Indeed, 23 lost money.At yearend 2022, Berkshire was the largest owner of eight of these giants: American Express, Bank of America, Chevron, Coca-Cola, HP Inc., Moody’s, Occidental Petroleum and Paramount Global.In addition to those eight investees, Berkshire owns 100% of BNSF and 92% of BH Energy, each with earnings that exceed the $3 billion mark noted above ($5.9 billion at BNSF and$4.3 billion at BHE). Were these companies publicly-owned, they would replace two present members of the 500. All told, our ten controlled and non-controlled behemoths leave Berkshire more broadly aligned with the country’s economic future than is the case at any other U.S. company. (This calculation leaves aside “fiduciary” operations such as pension funds and investment companies.) In addition, Berkshire’s insurance operation, though conducted through many individually-managed subsidiaries, has a value comparable to BNSF or BHE.As for the future, Berkshire will always hold a boatload of cash and U.S. Treasury bills along with a wide array of businesses. We will also avoid behavior that could result in any uncomfortable cash needs at inconvenient times, including financial panics and unprecedented insurance losses. Our CEO will always be the Chief Risk Officer – a task it is irresponsible to delegate. Additionally, our future CEOs will have a significant part of their net worth in Berkshire shares, bought with their own money. And yes, our shareholders will continue to save and prosper by retaining earnings.At Berkshire, there will be no finish line.Some Surprising Facts About Federal TaxesDuring the decade ending in 2021, the United States Treasury received about $32.3 trillion in taxes while it spent $43.9 trillion.Though economists, politicians and many of the public have opinions about the consequences of that huge imbalance, Charlie and I plead ignorance and firmly believe that near-term economic and market forecasts are worse than useless. Our job is to manage Berkshire’s operations and finances in a manner that will achieve an acceptable result over time and that will preserve the company’s unmatched staying power when financial panics or severe worldwide recessions occur. Berkshire also offers some modest protection from runaway inflation, but this attribute is far from perfect. Huge and entrenched fiscal deficits have consequences.The $32 trillion of revenue was garnered by the Treasury through individual income taxes (48%), social security and related receipts (3412%), corporate income tax payments (812%) and a wide variety of lesser levies. Berkshire’s contribution via the corporate income tax was $32 billion during the decade, almost exactly a tenth of 1% of all money that the Treasury collected.And that means – brace yourself – had there been roughly 1,000 taxpayers in the U.S. matching Berkshire’s payments, no other businesses nor any of the country’s 131 million households would have needed to pay any taxes to the federal government. Not a dime.* * * * * * * * * * * *Millions, billions, trillions – we all know the words, but the sums involved are almost impossible to comprehend. Let’s put physical dimensions to the numbers:- If you convert $1 million into newly-printed $100 bills, you will have a stack that reaches your chest.- Perform the same exercise with $1 billion – this is getting exciting! – and the stack reaches about 34 of a mile into the sky.- Finally, imagine piling up $32 billion, the total of Berkshire’s 2012-21 federal income tax payments. Now the stack grows to more than 21 miles in height, about three times the level at which commercial airplanes usually cruise.When it comes to federal taxes, individuals who own Berkshire can unequivocally state “I gave at the office.”* * * * * * * * * * * *At Berkshire we hope and expect to pay much more in taxes during the next decade. We owe the country no less: America’s dynamism has made a huge contribution to whatever success Berkshire has achieved – a contribution Berkshire will always need. We count on the American Tailwind and, though it has been becalmed from time to time, its propelling force has always returned.I have been investing for 80 years – more than one-third of our country’s lifetime. Despite our citizens’ penchant – almost enthusiasm – for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long-term bet against America. And I doubt very much that any reader of this letter will have a different experience in the future.Nothing Beats Having a Great PartnerCharlie and I think pretty much alike. But what it takes me a page to explain, he sums up in a sentence. His version, moreover, is always more clearly reasoned and also more artfully – some might add bluntly – stated.Here are a few of his thoughts, many lifted from a very recent podcast:- The world is full of foolish gamblers, and they will not do as well as the patient investor.- If you don’t see the world the way it is, it’s like judging something through a distorted lens.- All I want to know is where I’m going to die, so I’ll never go there. And a related thought: Early on, write your desired obituary – and then behave accordingly.- If you don’t care whether you are rational or not, you won’t work on it. Then you will stay irrational and get lousy results.- Patience can be learned. Having a long attention span and the ability to concentrate on one thing for a long time is a huge advantage.- You can learn a lot from dead people. Read of the deceased you admire and detest.- Don’t bail away in a sinking boat if you can swim to one that is seaworthy.- A great company keeps working after you are not; a mediocre company won’t do that.- Warren and I don’t focus on the froth of the market. We seek out good long-term investments and stubbornly hold them for a long time.- Ben Graham said, “Day to day, the stock market is a voting machine; in the long term it’s a weighing machine.” If you keep making something more valuable, then some wise person is going to notice it and start buying.- There is no such thing as a 100% sure thing when investing. Thus, the use of leverage is dangerous. A string of wonderful numbers times zero will always equal zero. Don’t count on getting rich twice.- You don’t, however, need to own a lot of things in order to get rich.- You have to keep learning if you want to become a great investor. When the world changes, you must change.- Warren and I hated railroad stocks for decades, but the world changed and finally the country had four huge railroads of vital importance to the American economy. We were slow to recognize the change, but better late than never.- Finally, I will add two short sentences by Charlie that have been his decision-clinchers for decades: “Warren, think more about it. You’re smart and I’m right.”And so it goes. I never have a phone call with Charlie without learning something. And, while he makes me think, he also makes me laugh.* * * * * * * * * * * *I will add to Charlie’s list a rule of my own:   Find   a   very   smart   high-grade partner – preferably slightly older than you – and then listen very carefully to what he says.A Family Gathering in OmahaCharlie and I are shameless. Last year, at our first shareholder get-together in three years, we greeted you with our usual commercial hustle.From the opening bell, we went straight for your wallet. In short order, our See’s kiosk sold you eleven tons of nourishing peanut brittle and chocolates. In our P.T. Barnum pitch, we promised you longevity. After all, what else but candy from See’s could account for Charlie and me making it to 99 and 92?I know you can’t wait to hear the specifics of last year’s hustle.On Friday, the doors were open from noon until 5 p.m., and our candy counters rang up 2,690 individual sales. On Saturday, See’s registered an additional 3,931 transactions between 7 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., despite the fact that 612 of the 912 operating hours occurred while our movie and the question-and-answer session were limiting commercial traffic.Do the math: See’s rang up about 10 sales per minute during its prime operating time (racking up $400,309 of volume during the two days), with all the goods purchased at a single location selling products that haven’t been materially altered in 101 years. What worked for See’s in the days of Henry Ford’s model T works now.* * * * * * * * * * * *Charlie, I, and the entire Berkshire bunch look forward to seeing you in Omaha on May 5-6. We will have a good time and so will you.February 25, 2023 Warren E. 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