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Kimi_Loke

Kimi_Loke

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2023-03-13

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Will follow in the footsteps of Silicon Valley Bank? First Republic Bank fell more than 73% premarket

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18:43","market":"other","language":"zh","title":"Will follow in the footsteps of Silicon Valley Bank? First Republic Bank fell more than 73% premarket","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1132885740","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"3月13日，第一共和银行盘前跌超73%，继硅谷银行后，该行上周晚些时候亦遭到挤兑。第一共和银行此前称，目前所有可用未使用的流动性资金超过700亿美元。","content":"<p><html><head></head><body>On March 13,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/FRC\">First Republic Bank</a>It fell more than 73% premarket, following<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SIVB\">Silicon Valley Bank</a>Later, the bank also suffered a run late last week. 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First Republic Bank fell more than 73% premarket\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2023-03-13 18:43</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body>On March 13,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/FRC\">First Republic Bank</a>It fell more than 73% premarket, following<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SIVB\">Silicon Valley Bank</a>Later, the bank also suffered a run late last week. First Republic Bank previously said that all available unused liquidity currently exceeds $70 billion.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b71af4935ca1a95b884b6ae485637d22\" tg-width=\"827\" tg-height=\"500\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p></body></html></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffc56982f828847b68443cfbde6a957b","relate_stocks":{"BK4588":"碎股","BK4585":"ETF&股票定投概念","BK4548":"巴美列捷福持仓","LU0266013472.USD":"AXA WF - Framlington Longevity Economy A Cap 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21:04","market":"sg","language":"en","title":"Singapore to Ease More Covid Curbs, Step Up Vaccination Program","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1196377225","media":"Bloomberg","summary":"Restrictions on eateries, nightlife venues no longer applyCountry to also expand booster coverage, h","content":"<div>\n<p>Restrictions on eateries, nightlife venues no longer applyCountry to also expand booster coverage, health ministry saysA person navigates a touch screen monitor to receive a free COVID-19 antigen ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-07/singapore-to-ease-more-covid-curbs-step-up-vaccination-program?srnd=markets-vp\">Source Link</a>\n\n</div>\n","source":"lsy1584095487587","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Singapore to Ease More Covid Curbs, Step Up Vaccination Program</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ 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hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nSingapore to Ease More Covid Curbs, Step Up Vaccination Program\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2022-10-07 21:04 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-07/singapore-to-ease-more-covid-curbs-step-up-vaccination-program?srnd=markets-vp><strong>Bloomberg</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Restrictions on eateries, nightlife venues no longer applyCountry to also expand booster coverage, health ministry saysA person navigates a touch screen monitor to receive a free COVID-19 antigen ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-07/singapore-to-ease-more-covid-curbs-step-up-vaccination-program?srnd=markets-vp\">Source Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"STI.SI":"富时新加坡海峡指数"},"source_url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-07/singapore-to-ease-more-covid-curbs-step-up-vaccination-program?srnd=markets-vp","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1196377225","content_text":"Restrictions on eateries, nightlife venues no longer applyCountry to also expand booster coverage, health ministry saysA person navigates a touch screen monitor to receive a free COVID-19 antigen rapid test kit from the government on a vending machine in Redhill in Singapore.Photographer: Lauryn Ishak/BloombergSingapore will step up its vaccination program as it further eases its Covid-related curbs, lifting restrictions on non-vaccinated individuals in restaurants and other venues.The Ministry of Health said it will fully lift its vaccine-differentiated safe management measures, effective Oct. 10. That means the restrictions will no longer be applied in eateries, nightlife establishments and at large events with more than 500 attendees.Singapore’s steady removal of its Covid curbs has helped solidify its role as a major Asian financial center, capitalizing on Hong Kong’s relative slowness to reopen. In a sign of the relative appeal of the two cities, Singapore’s population rose 3.4% in June from a year earlier, while Hong Kong’s shrank 1.6%.Singapore’s health ministry also said it will step up its vaccination program. It will vaccinate children aged six months to four years, with those aged five to 11 being given booster shots. It’s also rolling out bivalent vaccines as boosters for those aged 50 and older, or for persons yet to achieve minimum vaccination protection.The loosening of curbs come even as Covid cases rise, with average daily infections in the community over a seven-day period rising to 4,400 as of Oct. 6, from about 2,600 a week earlier, according to the health ministry. Hospitalized cases have also increased to 342 from 247, while the number of Intensive Care Unit cases rose to 13 from 9 over the same period.The higher case counts were “not unexpected, as we open up our society and economy,” the ministry said, attributing the rise to increased social activities and the prevalence of more-contagious omicron subvariants.“So far, there is no evidence that the subvariants result in more severe illness,” it said. “Vaccination remains our primary line of defense as we forge ahead and learn to live with Covid-19,” the ministry added.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"STI.SI":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1250,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9914905203,"gmtCreate":1665151246403,"gmtModify":1676537564781,"author":{"id":"4087307656420840","authorId":"4087307656420840","name":"Kimi_Loke","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/66bed9983ac8b5efd19b421fb9421f08","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4087307656420840","idStr":"4087307656420840"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/QAN.AU\">$澳洲航空(QAN.AU)$</a>[愤怒]&nbsp;","listText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/QAN.AU\">$澳洲航空(QAN.AU)$</a>[愤怒]&nbsp;","text":"$澳洲航空(QAN.AU)$[愤怒]","images":[{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/8c53e47502d3f8ecc860e2400883cc5c","width":"750","height":"288"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9914905203","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1109,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9914905182,"gmtCreate":1665151228546,"gmtModify":1676537564773,"author":{"id":"4087307656420840","authorId":"4087307656420840","name":"Kimi_Loke","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/66bed9983ac8b5efd19b421fb9421f08","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4087307656420840","idStr":"4087307656420840"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"[财迷]&nbsp;","listText":"[财迷]&nbsp;","text":"[财迷]","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9914905182","repostId":"1196377225","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"1196377225","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1665147863,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1196377225?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2022-10-07 21:04","market":"sg","language":"en","title":"Singapore to Ease More Covid Curbs, Step Up Vaccination Program","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1196377225","media":"Bloomberg","summary":"Restrictions on eateries, nightlife venues no longer applyCountry to also expand booster coverage, h","content":"<div>\n<p>Restrictions on eateries, nightlife venues no longer applyCountry to also expand booster coverage, health ministry saysA person navigates a touch screen monitor to receive a free COVID-19 antigen ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-07/singapore-to-ease-more-covid-curbs-step-up-vaccination-program?srnd=markets-vp\">Source Link</a>\n\n</div>\n","source":"lsy1584095487587","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; 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overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nSingapore to Ease More Covid Curbs, Step Up Vaccination Program\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2022-10-07 21:04 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-07/singapore-to-ease-more-covid-curbs-step-up-vaccination-program?srnd=markets-vp><strong>Bloomberg</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Restrictions on eateries, nightlife venues no longer applyCountry to also expand booster coverage, health ministry saysA person navigates a touch screen monitor to receive a free COVID-19 antigen ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-07/singapore-to-ease-more-covid-curbs-step-up-vaccination-program?srnd=markets-vp\">Source Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"STI.SI":"富时新加坡海峡指数"},"source_url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-07/singapore-to-ease-more-covid-curbs-step-up-vaccination-program?srnd=markets-vp","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1196377225","content_text":"Restrictions on eateries, nightlife venues no longer applyCountry to also expand booster coverage, health ministry saysA person navigates a touch screen monitor to receive a free COVID-19 antigen rapid test kit from the government on a vending machine in Redhill in Singapore.Photographer: Lauryn Ishak/BloombergSingapore will step up its vaccination program as it further eases its Covid-related curbs, lifting restrictions on non-vaccinated individuals in restaurants and other venues.The Ministry of Health said it will fully lift its vaccine-differentiated safe management measures, effective Oct. 10. That means the restrictions will no longer be applied in eateries, nightlife establishments and at large events with more than 500 attendees.Singapore’s steady removal of its Covid curbs has helped solidify its role as a major Asian financial center, capitalizing on Hong Kong’s relative slowness to reopen. In a sign of the relative appeal of the two cities, Singapore’s population rose 3.4% in June from a year earlier, while Hong Kong’s shrank 1.6%.Singapore’s health ministry also said it will step up its vaccination program. It will vaccinate children aged six months to four years, with those aged five to 11 being given booster shots. It’s also rolling out bivalent vaccines as boosters for those aged 50 and older, or for persons yet to achieve minimum vaccination protection.The loosening of curbs come even as Covid cases rise, with average daily infections in the community over a seven-day period rising to 4,400 as of Oct. 6, from about 2,600 a week earlier, according to the health ministry. Hospitalized cases have also increased to 342 from 247, while the number of Intensive Care Unit cases rose to 13 from 9 over the same period.The higher case counts were “not unexpected, as we open up our society and economy,” the ministry said, attributing the rise to increased social activities and the prevalence of more-contagious omicron subvariants.“So far, there is no evidence that the subvariants result in more severe illness,” it said. “Vaccination remains our primary line of defense as we forge ahead and learn to live with Covid-19,” the ministry added.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"STI.SI":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1051,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9915421864,"gmtCreate":1665100925558,"gmtModify":1676537556468,"author":{"id":"4087307656420840","authorId":"4087307656420840","name":"Kimi_Loke","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/66bed9983ac8b5efd19b421fb9421f08","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4087307656420840","idStr":"4087307656420840"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/PLTR\">$Palantir Technologies Inc.(PLTR)$</a>[呆住]&nbsp;","listText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/PLTR\">$Palantir Technologies Inc.(PLTR)$</a>[呆住]&nbsp;","text":"$Palantir Technologies Inc.(PLTR)$[呆住]","images":[{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/db871530dcc90b7f838e7e2adcd4a437","width":"750","height":"1174"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9915421864","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1379,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9915423196,"gmtCreate":1665100846315,"gmtModify":1676537556442,"author":{"id":"4087307656420840","authorId":"4087307656420840","name":"Kimi_Loke","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/66bed9983ac8b5efd19b421fb9421f08","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4087307656420840","idStr":"4087307656420840"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"[呆住]&nbsp;","listText":"[呆住]&nbsp;","text":"[呆住]","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9915423196","repostId":"1106272938","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1106272938","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1665055217,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1106272938?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2022-10-06 19:20","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"Interview with Arm CEO: Why \"harvest\" global technology giants?","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1106272938","media":"芯东西","summary":"Arm为何改变主意要上市？是否被缺芯潮殃及？如何看待《美国芯片法案》？有一家特殊的芯片公司，不曾设计一颗芯片，却处在庞大的科技世界的中心，存在于手机、电脑、电视、汽车甚至是驱动一切的数据中心里，为苹果","content":"<p><html><head></head><body><b>Why did Arm change its mind to go public? Is it affected by the lack of core? What do you think of the US CHIPS Act?</b>There is a special chip company that has never designed a single chip, but is at the center of the vast world of technology, existing in mobile phones, computers, televisions, cars and even the data centers that drive everything.<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/QCOM\">Qualcomm</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">Samsung</a>And other chip giants provide core underlying technical support.</p><p>It is Arm, a joint venture founded by Apple, then acquired by Japan's SoftBank Group, and nearly sold to the American GPU chip giant<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NVDA\">NVIDIA</a>The British Chip Design Company.</p><p>Arm licenses the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) to companies with chip design needs and collects royalties from them. In this way, Arm's influence radiates across the globe to<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/5RE.SI\">smart</a>The vast majority of mobile devices represented by mobile phones are inseparable from Arm technology.</p><p>On Tuesday, Nilay Patel, chief editor of The Verge, an American technology media, and Rene Haas, The new CEO of Arm, completed a conversation. Nilay went step by step from The most basic questions, talking about how Arm makes money, whether it is affected by The lack of core, how to treat The competition with x86 and RISC-V instruction set architectures, The progress of IPO and other topics that have attracted much attention from The industry.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/341f1d637541db18858733dd7b413359\" tg-width=\"1000\" tg-height=\"670\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>▲ Arm CEO Rene Haas</p><p>In February this year, on the same day that Nvidia announced that it would give up its acquisition of Arm, Arm's board of directors announced the appointment of Rene Haas as its new CEO. Although Rene Haas has only been CEO of Arm for half a year, he has actually worked at Arm for nearly nine years. In his view, Arm is the Switzerland of the electronics industry and will remain as neutral as possible and not try to pick winners.</p><p>He also shared his thoughts on the American Chips Act, arguing that not only is it important for the United States, but that 50 years from now, every continent should have world-class chip factories. \"We shouldn't worry about geopolitical concerns about the way the world works, because it's like the oxygen the world works on.\"</p><p><b>Here is the complete compilation of the interview transcript by Core East:</b></p><p><b><i>01.</i></b></p><p><b>\"Almost everyone you can think of is our customer.\"</b></p><p><b>Nilay: Arm is facing many changes now. You also have plans to lead Arm to go public in the future, and you also recently received the earnings report for the previous quarter. Arm is a very interesting enterprise, so I think we can start from the beginning. Arm is a key puzzle piece in the whole technology ecosystem. It affects almost everyone, but its image is opaque. Consumers don't have any direct relationship with Arm, but many other companies are a carrier in the middle. So, let's start from scratch. What exactly does Arm do?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>As you said, Arm is indeed not a well-known enterprise, and the outside world doesn't know us, but we think we are still very important.</p><p>First of all, we are in the semiconductor value chain of the semiconductor world. You can see Arm technology in almost all semiconductor products or OEM products. We are in mobile phones, laptops, smart TVs. Just looking at my desk, there are almost dozens of things with Arm processors in them.</p><p>Arm does not build products directly, nor does it produce chips, but builds the design inside the chip. We license our design to people who want to build the final product. Our most famous product is the CPU, which is the brain of almost all types of electronic devices.</p><p>Since Arm doesn't make chips and directly licenses the brain to willing people, Arm's brains are everywhere. Judging from the data of last quarter, among all semiconductor companies and OEMs in the world, Arm manufactured and delivered 7.4 billion chips with built-in Arm CPU, GPU or other technologies. This is a very huge number, so we are in the semiconductor value chain, but we will not build any products. We are only responsible for design, especially for microprocessor design.</p><p><b>Nilay: Who are your clients?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>This question is very interesting. In the electronics industry, it seems easier to say who isn't our customer because almost anyone you can imagine, is our customer.</p><p>Our customers include Samsung,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSM\">TSMC</a>Enterprises that actually manufacture chips, such as Grofond, and<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/INTC\">Intel</a>, AMD, Nvidia, Qualcomm,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMZN\">Amazon</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MSFT\">Microsoft</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GOOG\">Google</a>When you go to other parts of the world, we still have<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BABA\">Alibaba</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00700\">Tencent</a>And ByteDance. Almost all of them are our clients.</p><p><b>Nilay: So how do you make money from these customers? Are they just buying a licensed license for the design? Or buy chip samples? Do they have to pay a patent license fee? How the hell does all this work?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>Our business model is divided into two parts.</p><p>The first part is the upfront license fee. Only after the cooperative customer pays us this amount can we obtain the right to use the technology, so that we have the right to carry out further design on our technology.</p><p>The second part is that if those designs end up in production and form the final product, we collect a royalty per unit based on some mathematical algorithm associated with the contract.</p><p>Therefore, it can be said that we have two sources of income, one is licensing income and the other is royalty income.</p><p><b>Nilay: If I buy a Snapdragon chip at Qualcomm, do I need to pay you guys? Or does Qualcomm have to pay you? Or maybe someone else has to pay?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>You don't need to pay, but Qualcomm does. In the case you mentioned, Qualcomm needs to tell us the number of chips you bought. We and Qualcomm will have a pre-negotiated franchise rate, and Qualcomm will pay us according to the negotiated rate.</p><p><b>Nilay: Samsung is designing and producing its own chips for their own smartphones, and the departments inside it have to sign conditions with each other. If I bought a Samsung phone with a Samsung Exynos chip instead of a Qualcomm chip, how would that money flow back to you?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>That's the beauty of Arm's business model. Qualcomm uses our technology, and so does Samsung. When the Galaxy phone is shipped, we will likely receive payment from Samsung. If this product is in cooperation with Qualcomm, then we will get payment from Qualcomm.</p><p>Anyway, we all get paid. This depends on the licensing situation between us and our partners. Usually, we will work with the semiconductor divisions of these companies. In the case of Samsung, if we sign a contract with the chip division, then the chip division will need to pay Arm.</p><p><b>Nilay: Got to the last question at the very top of the difficulty ladder. Apple offers a very unique license called the Architecture License. They design their own chips entirely, I don't feel like they use a lot of your designs, but it's Arm's intellectual property. So how do you get paid when I buy a MacBook Air (M2)?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>It's all similar in business logic, we have contracts with companies like Apple that pay us copyright taxes just like everyone else.</p><p><b>Nilay: Can anyone get a license like Apple? Use your IP, but design your own stuff entirely?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>Architecture licensing basically gives companies the right to make what we call ARM-compatible processors. Anyone who does this can make minor modifications to the microarchitecture, which is actually how it is physically placed on the chip.</p><p>But what these companies can't do is modify the CPU, which makes the chip unable to run Arm's instructions. And this is crucial, because in the final analysis, we must maintain software compatibility. Whether it is something we build ourselves or something built by a partner with an authorized license, as long as we are running an Arm processor, we must meet the requirements of running Arm software.</p><p>We build very good CPUs, and I feel it is very difficult to build a CPU that is different or better than ours and still meets Arm standards, of course, it is also possible that this is my own bias.</p><p>There were a lot of people who used to do this, but now there are fewer because one is hard to do, and two is hard to find someone to do it. It is very difficult to build this kind of talent team. Most companies will say, \"If I build an SoC (system-level chip) and I only have so many valuable engineers, then differentiated Arm CPU may not be a place worth investing in.\" Besides, they have other areas that need to be invested in, such as camera, modem or IO support.</p><p><b>Nilay: When a product is delivered by an authorized party from Apple or another architecture, do you have a team to verify that it is running the Arm instruction set and that they are not breaking the rules? Or are you just using the honor system so you don't mess too much with [Apple CEO] Tim Cook?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We have a set of requirements for this as well as a compliance suite that allows us to conduct tests to fundamentally verify that what they build is Arm compliant. We'll test against it to see if Arm instructions and code can be run, if the compiler is corrupted, or if the correct instructions are not recognized. So the short answer is that we do provide a set of compliance tests for all architecture licensing-based build designs.</p><p><b>Nilay: Aside from the Intel and AMD CPUs that people might come across, because it's kind of opaque, I think the closed loop is where you really validate that this is Arm stuff that works in the Arm way, and I don't think most people understand that, so I wanted to ask this set of questions and get a feel for the business.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>These are very important questions. One of the things that has made us almost ubiquitous throughout history is that whether it's based on an Arm CPU core license, or based on an Arm Instruction Set Architecture license, they need to run software against the Arm Instruction Set Architecture and without interruption.</p><p>Arm has some failed CPUs that allow scaling, that is, allowing customers to add custom instructions, and while that sounds innovative and cool, what is really relevant to the CPU architecture is letting developers know that it will run.</p><p>If a developer is writing a piece of code for an OEM and Arm is embedded, the developer doesn't want to know, doesn't need to know, can't even know that they're designing a thermostat with a Bob chip built in, and that Bob has some additional instructions. You need to take advantage of this because they may not know if other OEM devices have Arm chips that contain these instructions.</p><p>It is important to level the playing field and ensure that the software datasets look the same. Our founders did a fantastic job of sticking to that and making it quick. You can see that is really benefiting us right now.</p><p><b><i>02.</i></b></p><p><b>Stay neutral and don't try to pick winners</b></p><p><b>Nilay: A lot of your clients have fierce competitive relationships that are not shy about in multiple sectors. I've talked to a lot of executives like you. In my opinion, they do a lot more interpersonal work than engineering and research jobs. Are you the same? Do you consider yourself a business politician who ensures fairness to balance the competition, or do you still focus more on the design and research and development of processors?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We're definitely stuck in all sorts of people-to-people stuff, which is what we're going to do in the first place, but we're also spending a lot of time and effort developing these CPU and software ecosystems to solve our partners' problems and really make sure the product is ahead of the curve.</p><p>One of the differences is that everybody we deal with, we have to maintain consistency in how we handle partnerships, which really revolves around access to technology, access to mistakes, and access to people.</p><p>The world depends on Arm, as you said, we're a little opaque, saying on a podcast that the world depends on Arm, someone listening will want to say, \"I depend on you guys? I don't even know you guys!\" But we're really very serious about managing our relationships with our partners.</p><p><b>Nilay: Let me take another simple example, which I really find very enlightening. Years ago, we talked to people running HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface), and they were the ones who set up the PlayStation (<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SNE\">Sony</a>Home gaming consoles released in Japan in 1994) is the industry standard for plugging into TV. Of course, this is why HDMI doesn't work perfectly when your remote control can control everything on your TV. Frankly, they have raised their hands and surrendered: \"This problem is too difficult to solve. Nobody wants to fix this. Everyone is messing up.\" From a political perspective, I can see why this is their answer, because it's the lowest bet, right? I just want to plug my DVD player into the TV and let the remote control work, but the political nature of it is insurmountable, and it is not an industry standard body, so it takes a lot of risk. Arm is a company that needs to report its earnings to shareholders. If it wants to go public, it must increase its earnings for its own shareholders. How would you deal with the friction and tension between them?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We're really trying to be neutral. We are known as the \"Switzerland of the electronics industry\" (known for its neutrality), which is a nice comparison. We don't try to pick winners, we dabble in individual sub-ecosystems within the ecosystem. If you start at the very bottom of the semiconductor chain, Global Foundries, Samsung, TSMC, Intel and all the chipmakers, you realize that you have to work with all of them.</p><p>We must ensure that our technology can be built on every semiconductor process in the world, which requires investment from all these partners. Then, all the way up, when you think of Android, Linux, Windows, and all the major operating systems that we support, we have to make sure we're in the mix.</p><p>We really try not to give ourselves an advantage over one side versus the other. I'm not sure how we'll eventually get to that point, but that goal just means we're on the shoulders of a pretty big ecosystem.</p><p>It is an ecosystem of design tools, manufacturing processes, software operating systems, and middleware. We often work with relevant industry chain vendors and create them. We don't really work a lot with standards bodies, but we do work a lot with all the vendors I just mentioned.</p><p>We make sure we understand everything they are trying to do from a roadmap perspective to make sure we are as compliant as possible. At the end of the day, we license the technology to the people who build the chips, and the people who build the chips want the widest range of opportunities that can be made.</p><p><b><i>03.</i></b></p><p><b>With a team size of nearly 6,000 people, how does Rene Haas make decisions?</b></p><p><b>Nilay: I want to learn about other basics of Arm, how many employees does Arm have?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>The last number I saw was probably around 5,800, but with the contractors, it could be over 6,000.</p><p><b>Nilay: How are they structured? Is it all chip design, or is there a lawyer? Is the ratio of patent attorney to chip designer 1:1? How does this work?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>Of course not lawyers and engineers 1:1, that's all I can say.</p><p><b>Nilay: Some companies are 1:1 lawyers and engineers.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We're a long way from that. Our staff are mainly engineers, most of whom are based in the UK. We have several different engineering sites in different parts of the UK, France and Northern Europe; There are also several design centers in Arizona and Texas; There are also quite a few design engineers in Bangalore and Noida, India.</p><p>In contrast, our legal department is very small. If shown in thumbnail scale, the ratio of engineers to lawyers is quite large. We have done a very good job in the way the licensing model works and in protecting intellectual property. While there isn't a huge legal department, there are indeed a lot of engineers because these products are really hard to make.</p><p><b>Nilay: Who reports to you? How is your team structured?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I am the CEO, and we also have the CFO, the Chief People Officer and the head of legal reporting. The whole is organized around the business units, forming a vertical business structure. We have automotive, Internet of Things (IoT), infrastructure, and client businesses, as well as chief architects, sales executives, and engineering executives, who also report to me. As I listed, there are a lot of direct subordinates. Arm is primarily people-oriented and operates around engineering, people, legal and financial operations in the business.</p><p><b>Nilay: That's a classic question I ask people a lot. You have been with Arm for 9 years and have been CEO for 6 months. How did you make your decision? What is your framework?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I had to lie slightly and say that I had dinner with Tony Fadell, who I know you interviewed a while back, and I appreciate his habit of contrasting opinion-based decisions with data-based ones. What I would say is that the greyer your beard and hair, the more acceptable you will be to opinion-based decisions. The history of mankind will repeat itself because we are human and mankind will repeat the same successes and mistakes.</p><p>And I am a mixture of opinion and data, and the more experienced I am, the more I rely on intuition. Experience helps. For those fans: Why Tom<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BRC\">Brady</a>Still playing quarterback at 45, even though physically, he plays with guys half his age? Because it was hard to lie to him, he saw everything. And business is far more complicated than professional football.</p><p>So, the short answer to your question is data and opinion, both of which I rely on, but now maybe opinion helps me more than data because my intuition is more intuitive.</p><p><b>Nilay: My understanding of Tom Brady is that he doesn't eat any tomatoes and eats avocado ice cream every day, are those on your menu as well?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>He's kind of like Benjamin Button, and he gets younger every time I look at him. I also have weird eating habits. The British will know that I eat yogurt and granola every day for lunch. My assistant would almost preemptively say, \"I put your yogurt in the fridge. It has your name on it.\"</p><p>Not that I would put myself in the super-successful category, but I do see it from other leaders, that these things reduce the number of decisions you have to make, and I've always found it helpful to me personally.</p><p>I wear the same clothes. I eat the same food. It's something I love and don't have to worry about.</p><p><b>Nilay: Now let's talk about a big decision. As we all know, Arm is involved in this storm of Softbank Vision Fund, Softbank raised billions for the Vision Fund, buying Arm outright is a big deal for Softbank, they invested in a lot of companies and also tried to sell the Vision Fund to Nvidia when it was a little shaky. The industry has largely lobbied against the deal as best it can, saying, \"We don't want Nvidia to have this core of CPU technology, don't do it.\" The government also came forward to say it would block the deal, which SoftBank eventually gave up.</b></p><p><b>Then you come in as the new CEO and say you want the company to go public, which is a big flip. Your predecessor was firmly opposed to letting Arm go public for what we talked about earlier: the pressure to increase revenue, the risks you would face against a neutral and fair vendor model, after all, you can increase revenue through special deals. These pressures will come, but it will all be your decision, and how did you make that decision?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We announced this shift late last year when the Nvidia deal largely fell apart. After I took over in mid-February and ended our fiscal year in March, we were finally able to talk about financial results, something that hasn't been done in a while.</p><p>During the Nvidia period, we were very low-key, and when we announced revenue for the year, we set a record of over $2 billion — $2.6 billion, and we've never done anything more than $2 billion in the past. Our operating margin is close to 40%, but the outside world almost thinks we are losing money because we are very low-key. If you fast-forward to the current quarter, it's even higher than where we ended last year: more than 50% and $700 million in revenue, $450 million of which was royalties.</p><p>Several of my phone calls with analysts and reporters were like, \"Where did this come from? What interesting math are you doing? Is this some form of equation?\" But in reality, we know we're doing well.</p><p>Shortly after SoftBank acquired Arm, we restructured and created two business units, and I took over the classic Arm and started moving to other markets. This pivot is not only a business model, but also a product. We know there are some changes going on in the data center, TSMC is doing a really good job with processing, and we're making good progress with software workloads. We think we can gain something in terms of the hyperscale computer market if we push the investment forward into some specific directives, such as SME and SVE, which are vector extensions of specific workloads on hyperscale computers.</p><p><b>Nilay: Make it clear to everyone that this is the cloud computing market, that is your Google Cloud, AWS stuff.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>That's your cloud. AWS is an important partner for us. They announced Graviton2 as well as some pretty jaw dropping numbers for a 40% price performance improvement relative to other architectures. So we diversify our business not only by developing different products, but also by addressing this through different parts of the business model strategy.</p><p>We knew our business was going to get better. All the financial results that you are seeing now are fantastic and the team is doing a fantastic job with it, these are really all work from years ago and you don't see royalty per unit results overnight.</p><p>We develop the IP and then the IP has to go to the customer and they have to make a chip that has to go into a product and the product has to be qualified. All of this can take 3 to 4 years, and we feel good about where we're going to be, and in areas we've been investing in, for example, cloud, automotive, and IoT, we feel good. These are big long-term growth areas that I think we're a good fit for.</p><p><b>Nilay: You made some bets two years ago and are now paying off handsomely, do you think that interquarterly investor pressure is going to change the way you run your company?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I think anytime you're a public company, that's just part of how the world works. I can't talk too much about what life will be like as a public company though, I'm subject to very strict orders to stay in my area and can't talk too much about it.</p><p><b>Nilay: One of the few lawyers in the firm was about to run into the room.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>Haha, so I can't really say much. But I can say that we are very confident in the long-term growth of the markets involved.</p><p><b><i>04.</i></b></p><p><b>Cars are going to be a big market for Arm</b></p><p><b>Nilay: You just expressed confidence in cars, IoT and the cloud. The cloud market exists and is growing, and Arm has already taken steps towards it. I've talked to a lot of CEOs in The automotive industry, and we've spent a lot of time on The Verge cast talking about smart homes and IoT. But those markets haven't really turned, and as Arm CEO, can you push that? Or is it more like \"we just have to prepare designs and products for cars to truly become network computers on wheels\"?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>When people think of electronics in their cars, they automatically switch to autonomous driving, etc. Think about what's inside the car, and the number of processes in the car. The dashboard is all digital, computerized, the drivetrain, and whatever has to do with the mirrors and brakes, all of which is rapidly transferring to, and operating on, the Arm. A lot of what is happening in smart cars is moving towards Arm.</p><p>In the powertrain, you have many old independent electronic control units (ECUs) that may have an old proprietary microcontroller and are not the same as the rest of the car. All of these ECUs are being redesigned, inside each car, there may be 50-70 ECUs, and each one may have an old proprietary microcontroller, they are not connected, there are no memory management units. Therefore, with the addition of automated and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), cars can become highly connected devices, an area for Arm to develop.</p><p>For us, cars are a bit of a sandbox of multiple technologies: dashboard, drivetrain, drivetrain/ECU. By the way, autonomy is a huge opportunity for us.</p><p>Going back to the data center space, what really matters in cars in terms of computing is performance and efficiency, you can't have a server in your trunk running an electric car, some cars today are like that. That will improve over time, and we're very optimistic about the automotive market, where we will also grow very quickly.</p><p><b>Nilay: So, are you going to ask some of your engineers to say, go find ECUs or engine controllers or body control modules that can work across cars so that people from Nvidia can come and get a license and sell it to Ford?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>This is actually already happening. These are important for CPU efficiency, power, and functional safety for cars. You must have all the safeguards to make sure it can operate safely. Some people do this in software via a compute library, but most people prefer to do it in hardware, which is safer and more efficient.</p><p>We have developed automotive processors and graphics processors with embedded functional security. Before we didn't do that, before we would basically just roll out a generic thing to use wherever you wanted. That's one of the things that we've made significant changes in the last few years.</p><p><b>Nilay: We're talking about the future now, let's bring the conversation back to the present. We've been in a chip shortage for a long time, and this \"core shortage\" may not end. Both Intel and Nvidia had less than stellar quarterly results, and Intel said they would actually raise prices. Where would you be in a chip shortage? Is that something that affects you right now? Is that what you see coming and going? You're kind of detached from this actual part.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We're out of the idea of not making anything, but we do have to do with chips again, and our royalty model has to do with the components people order.</p><p>Going back to the earlier discussion, we are very diverse in terms of end markets. Another thing that is happening is the increasing number of CPUs being used in these SoCs. The application processor of a mobile phone may use one CPU, whereas the cluster for computing is now nine or 10 different CPUs. You have 10 CPUs, which is just an application processor (AP), and then consider things like touch sensors, monitors, and cameras. We've seen that although sales in certain markets like smartphones have been heading towards weakness, we've been protected by it from a product-heading perspective.</p><p><b>Nilay: Did you hear the episode we had with Willy Shih? Here he is, telling us about the toilet paper thing and then talking about the manufacturing of chips and LCD displays. Since they had too many SKUs and sold too many kinds of paper, the decision to reduce the variety of toilet paper was made, and in the end this decision solved a large part of the problem.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>right. So now think of a car that requires all kinds of diodes, capacitors, resistors, and thermal sensors, not just because it is difficult to get 3nm, but also because it is difficult to build a fab.</p><p>You can tell by my hair color that I've been in this industry for a long time, I've been in the middle of a business cycle where people started to stop R&D and slow down projects, they gradually stopped trying new things and stopped innovating.</p><p>I think it's because everything is digital, the super high demand for electronics and how it's going to change our lives. What are our metrics? Licensing and new design starts have never been so wonderful for us as it spreads across all markets.</p><p><b><i>05.</i></b></p><p><b>'In 50 years every continent should have world-class fabs'</b></p><p><b>Nilay: What you're talking about is one of the reasons why R&D is picking up pace. The prospects of globalization are beginning to be renewed across the globe, and the world is no longer so calm. The US just passed the CHIPS Act to really incentivize chip manufacturing and all kinds of design investments. TSMC is building in the U.S., and Intel just broke ground on a new plant in Ohio. Do you see considering that, as everyone knows, we rely heavily on a handful of fabs in Taiwan, China, which is a geopolitical hotspot. We need to shift this critical technology dependence to our own countries. Is this something you'd be involved in, or are you just watching?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We will definitely be involved in this. As long as we can expand the need for this by talking to political officials in any country, we will help. It's not just an Arm issue, it's an industry issue. A single point of failure in anything you are doing is not a good thing, the pandemic has exposed a lot of things and people are starting to open their eyes to what things are really the problem. I am very grateful to the people who pushed the CHIPS bill, which is really important.</p><p>Not only is this important for the United States, every continent should have its own world-class fab for the next 50 years from now. We don't have to worry about geopolitical issues, the fab will be like the oxygen for the world to function after.</p><p><b>Nilay: At present, the cutting-edge process nodes are mainly controlled by TSMC, and they are far ahead with 5nm and 3nm technologies. Few people can compete at this level. Your smart phones use the most cutting-edge technology, while those used in automobiles are basically more mature process nodes (40nm, 14nm). The process is severely limited, and no one will invest in the construction of these fabs. What do you think of this outcome? What do you think of this strict restriction of TSMC, which has cutting-edge technology? Everyone wants to improve their building capacity on these things, but no one wants to improve their building capacity for old things.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I'm not a manufacturing expert, but what I can tell you is that we're seeing a lot of things being done about how to convert certain fabs to new jobs.</p><p>Just like you said. People are usually a little reluctant to put a lot of money into it. You might think that you can convert the fabs we are building into some kind of process technology and turn it into a logic fab? Is there a storage fab that can be converted to a logic fab? But this is a very complicated problem because there are only so many factories in the world and there are only so many people who know how to build these things, they are all public companies and have to go and make money, in short this is a very complicated matrix.</p><p>Thirty years ago, Japan's logic fabs were world-class and spread across the country. Now that number has basically dropped to zero. Japan is looking for ways to change that to bring more fabs back online. I think you'll see a lot of things in the U.S. that have finished chip bills and things like that in other countries. I think Korean fabs have tremendous capacity, however, it is also a complex and difficult problem.</p><p><b><i>06.</i></b></p><p><b>\"Intel CEO did a lot of things right\"</b></p><p><b>Nilay: How dependent is Arm on TSMC? It feels like a lot of companies are aware that they really depend on one company. It's an industry leader for a reason, but there's a lot of dependency there. Have you considered this dependency when designing a new processor type or architecture?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We work closely with TSMC. All fabs are important to us and Arm will remain neutral.</p><p>Seriously, they all matter. In an ideal world, we have a lot of people who can build cutting-edge technology. Generally speaking, in smartphones, in data centers, it's usually the most cutting-edge technology, because everyone is really trying to get the most performance possible, but not in automotive and industrial fields. So, any fab with cutting-edge processes is very important to us.</p><p><b>Nilay: As we all know, Intel has long been an integrated design and fab business. They were basically blown away by TSMC, and now, they have a new CEO who is breaking that with plans to open their factories to others. You just said that Intel is a customer, are you working with them?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We wanted TSMC to make a lot of Arm products, and they did. We want Intel to do the same.</p><p><b>Nilay: Are you optimistic that Intel will be able to do that?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I think [Intel CEO] Pat did a lot of things right. His work is hard and very well done and we are more than willing to do more with him.</p><p><b>Nilay: Another politically biased answer, but I have to ask. On the chip bill side, people are excited about the passage and signing of the bill. Intel has received a lot of criticism for announcing that it is cutting capital spending and increasing its Dividend instead of putting it into a fab. In a broad sense, do you think this is the right move? What kind of timing should we look for for fabs in the United States?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I wouldn't doubt Pat's decision about how he spends his money. Going back to what you said, we're talking about a single point of failure. I feel like we need to move quickly to get these facilities up and running as quickly as possible, to get them online, to build more redundancy and to reduce the risk of single points of failure. So we need more fabs.</p><p><b>Nilay: What kind of timing do you base your decisions on? If a bill passes today, or someone announces a new fab today and we don't see it for five years, how do you see the timing of your decision?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>After six months as CEO, I am still learning and have a lot of responsibilities. One of the biggest responsibilities is to think about five years from now.</p><p>Because of the way our business operates, the process from designing products to being able to see revenue is quite long. We are considering where the opportunities lie, where investments need to be made, where the threats lie, and where the systems and software design should be directed.</p><p>Most of my energy is spent thinking about what the world will look like in 2025 and 2026, not the next quarter.</p><p><b><i>07.</i></b></p><p><b>Stay tuned for PC, Arm is making a lot of progress</b></p><p><b>Nilay: There have been some long-term bets to focus more on the consumer rather than replacing the server in the trunk of the car. At present, the hottest trend related to Arm is that Apple has shifted from Intel x86 processors to self-developed M series processors authorized by Arm instruction set architecture to support their Macs, which not only improves battery life and performance, but also helps Apple reduce procurement costs. Now, thanks to these chips, the Mac is basically the best laptop you can buy. This reflects that Arm architecture processors can also achieve great success in the PC market. Can Arm help other industries do these things? Or just design, and hopefully Qualcomm can make something that lets Microsoft and<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DELL\">Dell</a>A chip that can do this too? From your perspective, how do you see the relationship with the industry?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I think we can do more and probably need to do more. It's not because we need to help the industry, it's because these products are really complicated to build.</p><p>Let's talk about architecture licensing first. Before, many manufacturers thought that you needed to get architecture licenses to build a better CPU to compete with Arm, but the IPC instructions per clock of the microprocessor are only one aspect that can really change the design, and also need to consider the memory subsystem, interconnections, the size of the cache, the way to interface with the rest of the SoC, and ensure that the SoC is in a multi-chip package with chips and chip interconnections.</p><p>Some clients are very good at this stuff and can figure it out, so they don't need too much help from us. But as time goes on, more and more businesses will need Arm to do more, and this is a trend that we are watching very closely.</p><p><b>Nilay: From your perspective, as long as it's all Arm chips, it doesn't matter who wins does it? If Apple takes 100% of the laptop market, that's great for you. If Microsoft,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/HPQ\">HP</a>And Qualcomm to be able to pair competitive Windows on Arm laptops and take a 50% share, you can still get paid. Does it feel like whoever wins, you will win?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>If the product is shipped with the Arm Instruction Set Architecture, that is a good thing for us, if an alternative device is used, it means it is not using the Arm Instruction Set Architecture, which is not great for us.</p><p>When I first took up the job, I took a small nickname on the website under my own name and worked with the PR team with the slogan \"Arm will appear wherever computing happens\". Regardless of thermostats or microwaves, Polycom, or smart TVs, laptops, and so on, these are ARM-based.</p><p><b>Nilay: You just said where the computing happens, for most people, the computing happens on their laptops and desktops. I've been hearing about Windows on Arm (WoA) for 13 years, and while it hasn't happened, are you only content to let Apple eat the industry? Because there are still other people's instruction sets in this extremely large industry, such as Intel's instruction sets.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I used to work for a company that developed Windows RT as the general manager of that product line. Prior to joining Arm, I worked at Nvidia for many years (7 years as VP and GM of the Computing Products business unit at Nvidia), and we've made tremendous progress in that area because we feel like the real tipping point is right there.</p><p>The turning point did exist, and during my first news interview on my Windows RT laptop, I remember meeting with a group of journalists and the first question they asked me was: \"Does it run iTunes?\" We're like, \"Ah, shit. No.\" It won't run because we don't have a port and Apple isn't helping us.</p><p>Fast forward to 10 years later, streaming audio has appeared and no one really cares about these apps. If you consider all the apps that run on a PC or phone, it's hard to say \"OK, which native apps don't really run on Arm?\" They're almost all there.</p><p>Stay tuned for the PC thing. We are making a lot of progress. You can see what the features are through laptops from other ecosystems. I think it's a wake-up call for the industry in terms of the potential of these features, and we're going to stick with it as well.</p><p><b>Nilay: That wake-up call is due to a very wealthy company spending a lot of money on your instruction set customization, right? That's their bargaining chip. Are you saying that we as Arm can develop products that perform as efficiently per watt as M-series chips and then sell those designs to Qualcomm? Or does it come down to Qualcomm – which I believe also has the architecture license – doing it itself?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I have 100% confidence in this. You don't need a schema license to do this.</p><p><b><i>08.</i></b></p><p><b>How to win in GPU?</b></p><p><b>Nilay: On the other hand are laptops, desktops, even automakers. I went and sat in a (American pure electric car) Rivian, and I was told that GPUs and Unreal Engines powered cars. Graphics performance has become a point of differentiation for various products in the industry, and Arm has a well-named new GPU, Immortalis. Apple is not using your GPU. If you consider the large GPU vendors, they don't really think about performance per watt, do they? With the high-end Invidaca, you just need to have a nuclear reactor in the basement to run that thing, which is great. It looks good. How will you win in GPU?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>When you count by unit, we are actually the number one supplier of GPUs on the planet. I recall that during the Nvidia acquisition event, its CEO Jensen Huang made a key point: We will be faithful to our review, and performance per watt matters. We're not going to risk doing a hundred watt TDP GPU and trying to make a difference in that space. We're going to try in the 1 watt range, optimizing in that range. Then in some areas, you can start doing more on multiple GPUs.</p><p>We're starting to see people thinking about doing machine learning extensions and possibly doing those things inside the GPU. This is interesting because GPUs can benefit from some degree of AI and machine learning to perform shader rendering in a more efficient way. In the meantime, you can start working or transfer ML workloads to the GPU. There are a lot of interesting innovations that will be able to take place on our GPUs, and we are investing heavily in that space. To be clear, we will remain in an area where performance and efficiency matter.</p><p><b>Nilay: Yeah, you delivered a lot of GPUs. It is part of many customers'SoC packages. Customers with their own GPUs or their own GPU extensions lead in performance per watt. Does the same deal not matter at the end of the day because they are shipping Arm instruction set architecture and you can still get paid? Or is it \"we have to stay competitive here or they will leave altogether\"?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>GPUs are slightly different from CPUs because APIs are decimatory. Performance per watt does matter. We do a lot to level the playing field, and with Immortalis, are leading the way in many areas. Another thing that is very critical for these GPUs is the efficiency of the interface between the CPU and the GPU, which is also an area where we are investing heavily, but we have to be vigilant in the GPU market, which, as you said, is very competitive. You let people do it themselves, and you let other third parties do the product. At the same time, this is an area that we are very focused on, so we will invest in it. I think machine learning AI vectors for future use with GPUs are a huge opportunity for us.</p><p><b>Nilay: GPUs are a huge investment. You have to spend a lot of money to compete and win the design. Are you making this investment because you can win those back from other custom GPUs and get more over time? Or just to be competitive, do you need competitive GPUs?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I go back to machine learning and artificial intelligence. If you have a heterogeneous computing system and you have a CPU, GPU, and NPU, I think at some point the compiler will get smart enough that they might point to parts of the code that can run better on the GPU versus the CPU.</p><p>If you look at the entire cluster as a complete subsystem, I think there are long-term benefits to this. For us, especially when it comes to designing a system on a chip, we are trying to make a variety of significant trade-offs. Sometimes I don't want that workload running on the CPU because it draws unnecessary power, and I probably have transistors in the GPU that I might be able to use if I don't draw. We see GPUs as a very critical strategic component.</p><p><b><i>09.</i></b></p><p><b>Only Arm and RISC-V options</b></p><p><b>Nilay: GPU competitors, it's obvious in one way. CPU competitors seem harder to identify, who are your competitors?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>In terms of CPU? I think there are probably only two options, which is biased, but I don't even think there is a real option.</p><p>From an instruction set architecture perspective, if you want to build an SoC based on x86, there are only two companies in the world that will do it for you: AMD or Intel. Then there's RISC-V, which is a completely different part because it's open source and many different versions exist.</p><p>The RISC-V is a scalable processor, which means that its strengths are its weaknesses. In my opinion, scalability leads to fragmentation. I think it hurts them in terms of getting any kind of software ecosystem. It's really hard to look around and say, \"What is a major software ecosystem that runs consistently on a RISC-V processor?\" No.</p><p>So, where do we see RISC-V today in the system-on-chip? It is located in the deep embedded part of the chip, and external programmers are unaware of its existence.</p><p>Here is an analogy I can give. If you put something in the microwave and press the start button on the 30 second timer, that monitor is probably Arm, because there may be a short piece of open source application code running on it. The timer that actually turns the oven on and turns off after 30 seconds is probably RISC-V.</p><p>These are indeed the only two options. I mean, all of these are small companies, but these companies really don't have a lot of appeal in terms of market share.</p><p><b>Nilay: Do you see Arm and RISC-V going to weed out the outdated x86 world?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>x86 has been around for a long time and has a very strong installation base, and I certainly don't want to do anything to disparage what they're doing. I think the challenge with x86 is that it comes from only two companies, which in itself is a limiting factor in terms of how far it can go.</p><p><b>Nilay: Both of these companies, Intel and AMD have their own fabs, and TSMC has them. There's another manufacturing puzzle, and over time, these manufacturers seem to say, \"Look, we're really good at Arm. We're going to be good at RISC-V, and we don't want to be good at x86 anymore.\"</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I would even wonder if they're really already very good at Arm. Needless to say, it won't be easy.</p><p><b>Nilay: Are there any other competitors like RISC-V? I mean, RISC-V is another thing like Windows on Arm. I've heard about it for a decade and it seems to be in some of the apps you're talking about.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>It's all about software. Ultimately, it's about having a rich ecosystem of developers that can leverage written software. For us, we think there are 15 million to 25 million developers programming on Arm. Some people know they program on Arm because they make use of the instruction set, but others don't because it's abstracted out. The compiler and open source library are there, which makes it easy to run.</p><p>Take an example: Smart TV. If you try to write new menus for smart TVs and try to link to the Android version that is essentially the underlying kernel, it's Arm. It's all optimized for Arm. As far as self-reporting is concerned, this is a big plus. These libraries all exist and have been optimized. Suppose you tried it on RISC-V. If Company A had added 17 new directives to make their RISC-V look a little different, then the developers wouldn't have known this. How will developers take advantage of this? RISC-V may eventually be reduced to the lowest common denominator.</p><p><b>Nilay: A few months ago, Qualcomm CEO Cristiano Amon was on the show. I asked him the same Windows on Arm question, and he kind of put the blame on the software developers, saying, \"Look, Microsoft,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/ADBE\">Adobe</a>And other large independent software vendors have to come on board and they have to make these things quickly. \" You just said it's all about software, did you take the time to talk to those companies and say, \"Look, you have to shift your focus to the future, that's Arm?\"</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>By these companies do you mean Microsoft or Adobe?</p><p><b>Nilay: Both.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>Yes. We spend a lot of time on both, and that's where the battle is ultimately won. You've been looking at it like me for 10, 12 years, and it's closer than ever because not only has more work to be done on the original applications, but more of these native applications have been written for Arm.</p><p>Take a look at two different operating systems in the world. Other operating systems use their names in their code. View all Microsoft apps running only on their systems. They all port in this way, and as a result, all of these Microsoft apps work on your phone. We're pretty much the same, and I think the turning point comes when there's a lot of pretty decent CPU products in the market that can compete with others. From your point of view, the product proves that you don't have to sacrifice performance and game-changing battery life on form factor.</p><p><b><i>10.</i></b></p><p><b>Conclusion: What's Next for Arm?</b></p><p><b>Nilay: I always ask people what's next for their company, but I'll ask you a more specific question. You announced that Arm will go public in March 2023. Can you deliver on that goal as the time approaches?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>Unfortunately, we are now at a stage where I can't reveal much.</p><p><b>Nilay: Well, what's next for Arm?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We will continue to invest in the areas I mentioned. We think some of the topics we just talked about have really had strong growth: those complex packaging systems and complex designs. We're trying to find the ability to provide more to the industry because I think there's a huge opportunity there.</p><p></body></html></p>","source":"lsy1584082462595","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Interview with Arm CEO: Why \"harvest\" global technology giants?</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nInterview with Arm CEO: Why \"harvest\" global technology giants?\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">芯东西</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2022-10-06 19:20</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body><b>Why did Arm change its mind to go public? Is it affected by the lack of core? What do you think of the US CHIPS Act?</b>There is a special chip company that has never designed a single chip, but is at the center of the vast world of technology, existing in mobile phones, computers, televisions, cars and even the data centers that drive everything.<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/QCOM\">Qualcomm</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">Samsung</a>And other chip giants provide core underlying technical support.</p><p>It is Arm, a joint venture founded by Apple, then acquired by Japan's SoftBank Group, and nearly sold to the American GPU chip giant<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NVDA\">NVIDIA</a>The British Chip Design Company.</p><p>Arm licenses the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) to companies with chip design needs and collects royalties from them. In this way, Arm's influence radiates across the globe to<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/5RE.SI\">smart</a>The vast majority of mobile devices represented by mobile phones are inseparable from Arm technology.</p><p>On Tuesday, Nilay Patel, chief editor of The Verge, an American technology media, and Rene Haas, The new CEO of Arm, completed a conversation. Nilay went step by step from The most basic questions, talking about how Arm makes money, whether it is affected by The lack of core, how to treat The competition with x86 and RISC-V instruction set architectures, The progress of IPO and other topics that have attracted much attention from The industry.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/341f1d637541db18858733dd7b413359\" tg-width=\"1000\" tg-height=\"670\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>▲ Arm CEO Rene Haas</p><p>In February this year, on the same day that Nvidia announced that it would give up its acquisition of Arm, Arm's board of directors announced the appointment of Rene Haas as its new CEO. Although Rene Haas has only been CEO of Arm for half a year, he has actually worked at Arm for nearly nine years. In his view, Arm is the Switzerland of the electronics industry and will remain as neutral as possible and not try to pick winners.</p><p>He also shared his thoughts on the American Chips Act, arguing that not only is it important for the United States, but that 50 years from now, every continent should have world-class chip factories. \"We shouldn't worry about geopolitical concerns about the way the world works, because it's like the oxygen the world works on.\"</p><p><b>Here is the complete compilation of the interview transcript by Core East:</b></p><p><b><i>01.</i></b></p><p><b>\"Almost everyone you can think of is our customer.\"</b></p><p><b>Nilay: Arm is facing many changes now. You also have plans to lead Arm to go public in the future, and you also recently received the earnings report for the previous quarter. Arm is a very interesting enterprise, so I think we can start from the beginning. Arm is a key puzzle piece in the whole technology ecosystem. It affects almost everyone, but its image is opaque. Consumers don't have any direct relationship with Arm, but many other companies are a carrier in the middle. So, let's start from scratch. What exactly does Arm do?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>As you said, Arm is indeed not a well-known enterprise, and the outside world doesn't know us, but we think we are still very important.</p><p>First of all, we are in the semiconductor value chain of the semiconductor world. You can see Arm technology in almost all semiconductor products or OEM products. We are in mobile phones, laptops, smart TVs. Just looking at my desk, there are almost dozens of things with Arm processors in them.</p><p>Arm does not build products directly, nor does it produce chips, but builds the design inside the chip. We license our design to people who want to build the final product. Our most famous product is the CPU, which is the brain of almost all types of electronic devices.</p><p>Since Arm doesn't make chips and directly licenses the brain to willing people, Arm's brains are everywhere. Judging from the data of last quarter, among all semiconductor companies and OEMs in the world, Arm manufactured and delivered 7.4 billion chips with built-in Arm CPU, GPU or other technologies. This is a very huge number, so we are in the semiconductor value chain, but we will not build any products. We are only responsible for design, especially for microprocessor design.</p><p><b>Nilay: Who are your clients?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>This question is very interesting. In the electronics industry, it seems easier to say who isn't our customer because almost anyone you can imagine, is our customer.</p><p>Our customers include Samsung,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSM\">TSMC</a>Enterprises that actually manufacture chips, such as Grofond, and<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/INTC\">Intel</a>, AMD, Nvidia, Qualcomm,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMZN\">Amazon</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MSFT\">Microsoft</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GOOG\">Google</a>When you go to other parts of the world, we still have<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BABA\">Alibaba</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00700\">Tencent</a>And ByteDance. Almost all of them are our clients.</p><p><b>Nilay: So how do you make money from these customers? Are they just buying a licensed license for the design? Or buy chip samples? Do they have to pay a patent license fee? How the hell does all this work?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>Our business model is divided into two parts.</p><p>The first part is the upfront license fee. Only after the cooperative customer pays us this amount can we obtain the right to use the technology, so that we have the right to carry out further design on our technology.</p><p>The second part is that if those designs end up in production and form the final product, we collect a royalty per unit based on some mathematical algorithm associated with the contract.</p><p>Therefore, it can be said that we have two sources of income, one is licensing income and the other is royalty income.</p><p><b>Nilay: If I buy a Snapdragon chip at Qualcomm, do I need to pay you guys? Or does Qualcomm have to pay you? Or maybe someone else has to pay?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>You don't need to pay, but Qualcomm does. In the case you mentioned, Qualcomm needs to tell us the number of chips you bought. We and Qualcomm will have a pre-negotiated franchise rate, and Qualcomm will pay us according to the negotiated rate.</p><p><b>Nilay: Samsung is designing and producing its own chips for their own smartphones, and the departments inside it have to sign conditions with each other. If I bought a Samsung phone with a Samsung Exynos chip instead of a Qualcomm chip, how would that money flow back to you?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>That's the beauty of Arm's business model. Qualcomm uses our technology, and so does Samsung. When the Galaxy phone is shipped, we will likely receive payment from Samsung. If this product is in cooperation with Qualcomm, then we will get payment from Qualcomm.</p><p>Anyway, we all get paid. This depends on the licensing situation between us and our partners. Usually, we will work with the semiconductor divisions of these companies. In the case of Samsung, if we sign a contract with the chip division, then the chip division will need to pay Arm.</p><p><b>Nilay: Got to the last question at the very top of the difficulty ladder. Apple offers a very unique license called the Architecture License. They design their own chips entirely, I don't feel like they use a lot of your designs, but it's Arm's intellectual property. So how do you get paid when I buy a MacBook Air (M2)?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>It's all similar in business logic, we have contracts with companies like Apple that pay us copyright taxes just like everyone else.</p><p><b>Nilay: Can anyone get a license like Apple? Use your IP, but design your own stuff entirely?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>Architecture licensing basically gives companies the right to make what we call ARM-compatible processors. Anyone who does this can make minor modifications to the microarchitecture, which is actually how it is physically placed on the chip.</p><p>But what these companies can't do is modify the CPU, which makes the chip unable to run Arm's instructions. And this is crucial, because in the final analysis, we must maintain software compatibility. Whether it is something we build ourselves or something built by a partner with an authorized license, as long as we are running an Arm processor, we must meet the requirements of running Arm software.</p><p>We build very good CPUs, and I feel it is very difficult to build a CPU that is different or better than ours and still meets Arm standards, of course, it is also possible that this is my own bias.</p><p>There were a lot of people who used to do this, but now there are fewer because one is hard to do, and two is hard to find someone to do it. It is very difficult to build this kind of talent team. Most companies will say, \"If I build an SoC (system-level chip) and I only have so many valuable engineers, then differentiated Arm CPU may not be a place worth investing in.\" Besides, they have other areas that need to be invested in, such as camera, modem or IO support.</p><p><b>Nilay: When a product is delivered by an authorized party from Apple or another architecture, do you have a team to verify that it is running the Arm instruction set and that they are not breaking the rules? Or are you just using the honor system so you don't mess too much with [Apple CEO] Tim Cook?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We have a set of requirements for this as well as a compliance suite that allows us to conduct tests to fundamentally verify that what they build is Arm compliant. We'll test against it to see if Arm instructions and code can be run, if the compiler is corrupted, or if the correct instructions are not recognized. So the short answer is that we do provide a set of compliance tests for all architecture licensing-based build designs.</p><p><b>Nilay: Aside from the Intel and AMD CPUs that people might come across, because it's kind of opaque, I think the closed loop is where you really validate that this is Arm stuff that works in the Arm way, and I don't think most people understand that, so I wanted to ask this set of questions and get a feel for the business.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>These are very important questions. One of the things that has made us almost ubiquitous throughout history is that whether it's based on an Arm CPU core license, or based on an Arm Instruction Set Architecture license, they need to run software against the Arm Instruction Set Architecture and without interruption.</p><p>Arm has some failed CPUs that allow scaling, that is, allowing customers to add custom instructions, and while that sounds innovative and cool, what is really relevant to the CPU architecture is letting developers know that it will run.</p><p>If a developer is writing a piece of code for an OEM and Arm is embedded, the developer doesn't want to know, doesn't need to know, can't even know that they're designing a thermostat with a Bob chip built in, and that Bob has some additional instructions. You need to take advantage of this because they may not know if other OEM devices have Arm chips that contain these instructions.</p><p>It is important to level the playing field and ensure that the software datasets look the same. Our founders did a fantastic job of sticking to that and making it quick. You can see that is really benefiting us right now.</p><p><b><i>02.</i></b></p><p><b>Stay neutral and don't try to pick winners</b></p><p><b>Nilay: A lot of your clients have fierce competitive relationships that are not shy about in multiple sectors. I've talked to a lot of executives like you. In my opinion, they do a lot more interpersonal work than engineering and research jobs. Are you the same? Do you consider yourself a business politician who ensures fairness to balance the competition, or do you still focus more on the design and research and development of processors?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We're definitely stuck in all sorts of people-to-people stuff, which is what we're going to do in the first place, but we're also spending a lot of time and effort developing these CPU and software ecosystems to solve our partners' problems and really make sure the product is ahead of the curve.</p><p>One of the differences is that everybody we deal with, we have to maintain consistency in how we handle partnerships, which really revolves around access to technology, access to mistakes, and access to people.</p><p>The world depends on Arm, as you said, we're a little opaque, saying on a podcast that the world depends on Arm, someone listening will want to say, \"I depend on you guys? I don't even know you guys!\" But we're really very serious about managing our relationships with our partners.</p><p><b>Nilay: Let me take another simple example, which I really find very enlightening. Years ago, we talked to people running HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface), and they were the ones who set up the PlayStation (<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SNE\">Sony</a>Home gaming consoles released in Japan in 1994) is the industry standard for plugging into TV. Of course, this is why HDMI doesn't work perfectly when your remote control can control everything on your TV. Frankly, they have raised their hands and surrendered: \"This problem is too difficult to solve. Nobody wants to fix this. Everyone is messing up.\" From a political perspective, I can see why this is their answer, because it's the lowest bet, right? I just want to plug my DVD player into the TV and let the remote control work, but the political nature of it is insurmountable, and it is not an industry standard body, so it takes a lot of risk. Arm is a company that needs to report its earnings to shareholders. If it wants to go public, it must increase its earnings for its own shareholders. How would you deal with the friction and tension between them?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We're really trying to be neutral. We are known as the \"Switzerland of the electronics industry\" (known for its neutrality), which is a nice comparison. We don't try to pick winners, we dabble in individual sub-ecosystems within the ecosystem. If you start at the very bottom of the semiconductor chain, Global Foundries, Samsung, TSMC, Intel and all the chipmakers, you realize that you have to work with all of them.</p><p>We must ensure that our technology can be built on every semiconductor process in the world, which requires investment from all these partners. Then, all the way up, when you think of Android, Linux, Windows, and all the major operating systems that we support, we have to make sure we're in the mix.</p><p>We really try not to give ourselves an advantage over one side versus the other. I'm not sure how we'll eventually get to that point, but that goal just means we're on the shoulders of a pretty big ecosystem.</p><p>It is an ecosystem of design tools, manufacturing processes, software operating systems, and middleware. We often work with relevant industry chain vendors and create them. We don't really work a lot with standards bodies, but we do work a lot with all the vendors I just mentioned.</p><p>We make sure we understand everything they are trying to do from a roadmap perspective to make sure we are as compliant as possible. At the end of the day, we license the technology to the people who build the chips, and the people who build the chips want the widest range of opportunities that can be made.</p><p><b><i>03.</i></b></p><p><b>With a team size of nearly 6,000 people, how does Rene Haas make decisions?</b></p><p><b>Nilay: I want to learn about other basics of Arm, how many employees does Arm have?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>The last number I saw was probably around 5,800, but with the contractors, it could be over 6,000.</p><p><b>Nilay: How are they structured? Is it all chip design, or is there a lawyer? Is the ratio of patent attorney to chip designer 1:1? How does this work?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>Of course not lawyers and engineers 1:1, that's all I can say.</p><p><b>Nilay: Some companies are 1:1 lawyers and engineers.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We're a long way from that. Our staff are mainly engineers, most of whom are based in the UK. We have several different engineering sites in different parts of the UK, France and Northern Europe; There are also several design centers in Arizona and Texas; There are also quite a few design engineers in Bangalore and Noida, India.</p><p>In contrast, our legal department is very small. If shown in thumbnail scale, the ratio of engineers to lawyers is quite large. We have done a very good job in the way the licensing model works and in protecting intellectual property. While there isn't a huge legal department, there are indeed a lot of engineers because these products are really hard to make.</p><p><b>Nilay: Who reports to you? How is your team structured?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I am the CEO, and we also have the CFO, the Chief People Officer and the head of legal reporting. The whole is organized around the business units, forming a vertical business structure. We have automotive, Internet of Things (IoT), infrastructure, and client businesses, as well as chief architects, sales executives, and engineering executives, who also report to me. As I listed, there are a lot of direct subordinates. Arm is primarily people-oriented and operates around engineering, people, legal and financial operations in the business.</p><p><b>Nilay: That's a classic question I ask people a lot. You have been with Arm for 9 years and have been CEO for 6 months. How did you make your decision? What is your framework?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I had to lie slightly and say that I had dinner with Tony Fadell, who I know you interviewed a while back, and I appreciate his habit of contrasting opinion-based decisions with data-based ones. What I would say is that the greyer your beard and hair, the more acceptable you will be to opinion-based decisions. The history of mankind will repeat itself because we are human and mankind will repeat the same successes and mistakes.</p><p>And I am a mixture of opinion and data, and the more experienced I am, the more I rely on intuition. Experience helps. For those fans: Why Tom<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BRC\">Brady</a>Still playing quarterback at 45, even though physically, he plays with guys half his age? Because it was hard to lie to him, he saw everything. And business is far more complicated than professional football.</p><p>So, the short answer to your question is data and opinion, both of which I rely on, but now maybe opinion helps me more than data because my intuition is more intuitive.</p><p><b>Nilay: My understanding of Tom Brady is that he doesn't eat any tomatoes and eats avocado ice cream every day, are those on your menu as well?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>He's kind of like Benjamin Button, and he gets younger every time I look at him. I also have weird eating habits. The British will know that I eat yogurt and granola every day for lunch. My assistant would almost preemptively say, \"I put your yogurt in the fridge. It has your name on it.\"</p><p>Not that I would put myself in the super-successful category, but I do see it from other leaders, that these things reduce the number of decisions you have to make, and I've always found it helpful to me personally.</p><p>I wear the same clothes. I eat the same food. It's something I love and don't have to worry about.</p><p><b>Nilay: Now let's talk about a big decision. As we all know, Arm is involved in this storm of Softbank Vision Fund, Softbank raised billions for the Vision Fund, buying Arm outright is a big deal for Softbank, they invested in a lot of companies and also tried to sell the Vision Fund to Nvidia when it was a little shaky. The industry has largely lobbied against the deal as best it can, saying, \"We don't want Nvidia to have this core of CPU technology, don't do it.\" The government also came forward to say it would block the deal, which SoftBank eventually gave up.</b></p><p><b>Then you come in as the new CEO and say you want the company to go public, which is a big flip. Your predecessor was firmly opposed to letting Arm go public for what we talked about earlier: the pressure to increase revenue, the risks you would face against a neutral and fair vendor model, after all, you can increase revenue through special deals. These pressures will come, but it will all be your decision, and how did you make that decision?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We announced this shift late last year when the Nvidia deal largely fell apart. After I took over in mid-February and ended our fiscal year in March, we were finally able to talk about financial results, something that hasn't been done in a while.</p><p>During the Nvidia period, we were very low-key, and when we announced revenue for the year, we set a record of over $2 billion — $2.6 billion, and we've never done anything more than $2 billion in the past. Our operating margin is close to 40%, but the outside world almost thinks we are losing money because we are very low-key. If you fast-forward to the current quarter, it's even higher than where we ended last year: more than 50% and $700 million in revenue, $450 million of which was royalties.</p><p>Several of my phone calls with analysts and reporters were like, \"Where did this come from? What interesting math are you doing? Is this some form of equation?\" But in reality, we know we're doing well.</p><p>Shortly after SoftBank acquired Arm, we restructured and created two business units, and I took over the classic Arm and started moving to other markets. This pivot is not only a business model, but also a product. We know there are some changes going on in the data center, TSMC is doing a really good job with processing, and we're making good progress with software workloads. We think we can gain something in terms of the hyperscale computer market if we push the investment forward into some specific directives, such as SME and SVE, which are vector extensions of specific workloads on hyperscale computers.</p><p><b>Nilay: Make it clear to everyone that this is the cloud computing market, that is your Google Cloud, AWS stuff.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>That's your cloud. AWS is an important partner for us. They announced Graviton2 as well as some pretty jaw dropping numbers for a 40% price performance improvement relative to other architectures. So we diversify our business not only by developing different products, but also by addressing this through different parts of the business model strategy.</p><p>We knew our business was going to get better. All the financial results that you are seeing now are fantastic and the team is doing a fantastic job with it, these are really all work from years ago and you don't see royalty per unit results overnight.</p><p>We develop the IP and then the IP has to go to the customer and they have to make a chip that has to go into a product and the product has to be qualified. All of this can take 3 to 4 years, and we feel good about where we're going to be, and in areas we've been investing in, for example, cloud, automotive, and IoT, we feel good. These are big long-term growth areas that I think we're a good fit for.</p><p><b>Nilay: You made some bets two years ago and are now paying off handsomely, do you think that interquarterly investor pressure is going to change the way you run your company?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I think anytime you're a public company, that's just part of how the world works. I can't talk too much about what life will be like as a public company though, I'm subject to very strict orders to stay in my area and can't talk too much about it.</p><p><b>Nilay: One of the few lawyers in the firm was about to run into the room.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>Haha, so I can't really say much. But I can say that we are very confident in the long-term growth of the markets involved.</p><p><b><i>04.</i></b></p><p><b>Cars are going to be a big market for Arm</b></p><p><b>Nilay: You just expressed confidence in cars, IoT and the cloud. The cloud market exists and is growing, and Arm has already taken steps towards it. I've talked to a lot of CEOs in The automotive industry, and we've spent a lot of time on The Verge cast talking about smart homes and IoT. But those markets haven't really turned, and as Arm CEO, can you push that? Or is it more like \"we just have to prepare designs and products for cars to truly become network computers on wheels\"?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>When people think of electronics in their cars, they automatically switch to autonomous driving, etc. Think about what's inside the car, and the number of processes in the car. The dashboard is all digital, computerized, the drivetrain, and whatever has to do with the mirrors and brakes, all of which is rapidly transferring to, and operating on, the Arm. A lot of what is happening in smart cars is moving towards Arm.</p><p>In the powertrain, you have many old independent electronic control units (ECUs) that may have an old proprietary microcontroller and are not the same as the rest of the car. All of these ECUs are being redesigned, inside each car, there may be 50-70 ECUs, and each one may have an old proprietary microcontroller, they are not connected, there are no memory management units. Therefore, with the addition of automated and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), cars can become highly connected devices, an area for Arm to develop.</p><p>For us, cars are a bit of a sandbox of multiple technologies: dashboard, drivetrain, drivetrain/ECU. By the way, autonomy is a huge opportunity for us.</p><p>Going back to the data center space, what really matters in cars in terms of computing is performance and efficiency, you can't have a server in your trunk running an electric car, some cars today are like that. That will improve over time, and we're very optimistic about the automotive market, where we will also grow very quickly.</p><p><b>Nilay: So, are you going to ask some of your engineers to say, go find ECUs or engine controllers or body control modules that can work across cars so that people from Nvidia can come and get a license and sell it to Ford?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>This is actually already happening. These are important for CPU efficiency, power, and functional safety for cars. You must have all the safeguards to make sure it can operate safely. Some people do this in software via a compute library, but most people prefer to do it in hardware, which is safer and more efficient.</p><p>We have developed automotive processors and graphics processors with embedded functional security. Before we didn't do that, before we would basically just roll out a generic thing to use wherever you wanted. That's one of the things that we've made significant changes in the last few years.</p><p><b>Nilay: We're talking about the future now, let's bring the conversation back to the present. We've been in a chip shortage for a long time, and this \"core shortage\" may not end. Both Intel and Nvidia had less than stellar quarterly results, and Intel said they would actually raise prices. Where would you be in a chip shortage? Is that something that affects you right now? Is that what you see coming and going? You're kind of detached from this actual part.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We're out of the idea of not making anything, but we do have to do with chips again, and our royalty model has to do with the components people order.</p><p>Going back to the earlier discussion, we are very diverse in terms of end markets. Another thing that is happening is the increasing number of CPUs being used in these SoCs. The application processor of a mobile phone may use one CPU, whereas the cluster for computing is now nine or 10 different CPUs. You have 10 CPUs, which is just an application processor (AP), and then consider things like touch sensors, monitors, and cameras. We've seen that although sales in certain markets like smartphones have been heading towards weakness, we've been protected by it from a product-heading perspective.</p><p><b>Nilay: Did you hear the episode we had with Willy Shih? Here he is, telling us about the toilet paper thing and then talking about the manufacturing of chips and LCD displays. Since they had too many SKUs and sold too many kinds of paper, the decision to reduce the variety of toilet paper was made, and in the end this decision solved a large part of the problem.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>right. So now think of a car that requires all kinds of diodes, capacitors, resistors, and thermal sensors, not just because it is difficult to get 3nm, but also because it is difficult to build a fab.</p><p>You can tell by my hair color that I've been in this industry for a long time, I've been in the middle of a business cycle where people started to stop R&D and slow down projects, they gradually stopped trying new things and stopped innovating.</p><p>I think it's because everything is digital, the super high demand for electronics and how it's going to change our lives. What are our metrics? Licensing and new design starts have never been so wonderful for us as it spreads across all markets.</p><p><b><i>05.</i></b></p><p><b>'In 50 years every continent should have world-class fabs'</b></p><p><b>Nilay: What you're talking about is one of the reasons why R&D is picking up pace. The prospects of globalization are beginning to be renewed across the globe, and the world is no longer so calm. The US just passed the CHIPS Act to really incentivize chip manufacturing and all kinds of design investments. TSMC is building in the U.S., and Intel just broke ground on a new plant in Ohio. Do you see considering that, as everyone knows, we rely heavily on a handful of fabs in Taiwan, China, which is a geopolitical hotspot. We need to shift this critical technology dependence to our own countries. Is this something you'd be involved in, or are you just watching?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We will definitely be involved in this. As long as we can expand the need for this by talking to political officials in any country, we will help. It's not just an Arm issue, it's an industry issue. A single point of failure in anything you are doing is not a good thing, the pandemic has exposed a lot of things and people are starting to open their eyes to what things are really the problem. I am very grateful to the people who pushed the CHIPS bill, which is really important.</p><p>Not only is this important for the United States, every continent should have its own world-class fab for the next 50 years from now. We don't have to worry about geopolitical issues, the fab will be like the oxygen for the world to function after.</p><p><b>Nilay: At present, the cutting-edge process nodes are mainly controlled by TSMC, and they are far ahead with 5nm and 3nm technologies. Few people can compete at this level. Your smart phones use the most cutting-edge technology, while those used in automobiles are basically more mature process nodes (40nm, 14nm). The process is severely limited, and no one will invest in the construction of these fabs. What do you think of this outcome? What do you think of this strict restriction of TSMC, which has cutting-edge technology? Everyone wants to improve their building capacity on these things, but no one wants to improve their building capacity for old things.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I'm not a manufacturing expert, but what I can tell you is that we're seeing a lot of things being done about how to convert certain fabs to new jobs.</p><p>Just like you said. People are usually a little reluctant to put a lot of money into it. You might think that you can convert the fabs we are building into some kind of process technology and turn it into a logic fab? Is there a storage fab that can be converted to a logic fab? But this is a very complicated problem because there are only so many factories in the world and there are only so many people who know how to build these things, they are all public companies and have to go and make money, in short this is a very complicated matrix.</p><p>Thirty years ago, Japan's logic fabs were world-class and spread across the country. Now that number has basically dropped to zero. Japan is looking for ways to change that to bring more fabs back online. I think you'll see a lot of things in the U.S. that have finished chip bills and things like that in other countries. I think Korean fabs have tremendous capacity, however, it is also a complex and difficult problem.</p><p><b><i>06.</i></b></p><p><b>\"Intel CEO did a lot of things right\"</b></p><p><b>Nilay: How dependent is Arm on TSMC? It feels like a lot of companies are aware that they really depend on one company. It's an industry leader for a reason, but there's a lot of dependency there. Have you considered this dependency when designing a new processor type or architecture?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We work closely with TSMC. All fabs are important to us and Arm will remain neutral.</p><p>Seriously, they all matter. In an ideal world, we have a lot of people who can build cutting-edge technology. Generally speaking, in smartphones, in data centers, it's usually the most cutting-edge technology, because everyone is really trying to get the most performance possible, but not in automotive and industrial fields. So, any fab with cutting-edge processes is very important to us.</p><p><b>Nilay: As we all know, Intel has long been an integrated design and fab business. They were basically blown away by TSMC, and now, they have a new CEO who is breaking that with plans to open their factories to others. You just said that Intel is a customer, are you working with them?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We wanted TSMC to make a lot of Arm products, and they did. We want Intel to do the same.</p><p><b>Nilay: Are you optimistic that Intel will be able to do that?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I think [Intel CEO] Pat did a lot of things right. His work is hard and very well done and we are more than willing to do more with him.</p><p><b>Nilay: Another politically biased answer, but I have to ask. On the chip bill side, people are excited about the passage and signing of the bill. Intel has received a lot of criticism for announcing that it is cutting capital spending and increasing its Dividend instead of putting it into a fab. In a broad sense, do you think this is the right move? What kind of timing should we look for for fabs in the United States?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I wouldn't doubt Pat's decision about how he spends his money. Going back to what you said, we're talking about a single point of failure. I feel like we need to move quickly to get these facilities up and running as quickly as possible, to get them online, to build more redundancy and to reduce the risk of single points of failure. So we need more fabs.</p><p><b>Nilay: What kind of timing do you base your decisions on? If a bill passes today, or someone announces a new fab today and we don't see it for five years, how do you see the timing of your decision?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>After six months as CEO, I am still learning and have a lot of responsibilities. One of the biggest responsibilities is to think about five years from now.</p><p>Because of the way our business operates, the process from designing products to being able to see revenue is quite long. We are considering where the opportunities lie, where investments need to be made, where the threats lie, and where the systems and software design should be directed.</p><p>Most of my energy is spent thinking about what the world will look like in 2025 and 2026, not the next quarter.</p><p><b><i>07.</i></b></p><p><b>Stay tuned for PC, Arm is making a lot of progress</b></p><p><b>Nilay: There have been some long-term bets to focus more on the consumer rather than replacing the server in the trunk of the car. At present, the hottest trend related to Arm is that Apple has shifted from Intel x86 processors to self-developed M series processors authorized by Arm instruction set architecture to support their Macs, which not only improves battery life and performance, but also helps Apple reduce procurement costs. Now, thanks to these chips, the Mac is basically the best laptop you can buy. This reflects that Arm architecture processors can also achieve great success in the PC market. Can Arm help other industries do these things? Or just design, and hopefully Qualcomm can make something that lets Microsoft and<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DELL\">Dell</a>A chip that can do this too? From your perspective, how do you see the relationship with the industry?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I think we can do more and probably need to do more. It's not because we need to help the industry, it's because these products are really complicated to build.</p><p>Let's talk about architecture licensing first. Before, many manufacturers thought that you needed to get architecture licenses to build a better CPU to compete with Arm, but the IPC instructions per clock of the microprocessor are only one aspect that can really change the design, and also need to consider the memory subsystem, interconnections, the size of the cache, the way to interface with the rest of the SoC, and ensure that the SoC is in a multi-chip package with chips and chip interconnections.</p><p>Some clients are very good at this stuff and can figure it out, so they don't need too much help from us. But as time goes on, more and more businesses will need Arm to do more, and this is a trend that we are watching very closely.</p><p><b>Nilay: From your perspective, as long as it's all Arm chips, it doesn't matter who wins does it? If Apple takes 100% of the laptop market, that's great for you. If Microsoft,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/HPQ\">HP</a>And Qualcomm to be able to pair competitive Windows on Arm laptops and take a 50% share, you can still get paid. Does it feel like whoever wins, you will win?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>If the product is shipped with the Arm Instruction Set Architecture, that is a good thing for us, if an alternative device is used, it means it is not using the Arm Instruction Set Architecture, which is not great for us.</p><p>When I first took up the job, I took a small nickname on the website under my own name and worked with the PR team with the slogan \"Arm will appear wherever computing happens\". Regardless of thermostats or microwaves, Polycom, or smart TVs, laptops, and so on, these are ARM-based.</p><p><b>Nilay: You just said where the computing happens, for most people, the computing happens on their laptops and desktops. I've been hearing about Windows on Arm (WoA) for 13 years, and while it hasn't happened, are you only content to let Apple eat the industry? Because there are still other people's instruction sets in this extremely large industry, such as Intel's instruction sets.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I used to work for a company that developed Windows RT as the general manager of that product line. Prior to joining Arm, I worked at Nvidia for many years (7 years as VP and GM of the Computing Products business unit at Nvidia), and we've made tremendous progress in that area because we feel like the real tipping point is right there.</p><p>The turning point did exist, and during my first news interview on my Windows RT laptop, I remember meeting with a group of journalists and the first question they asked me was: \"Does it run iTunes?\" We're like, \"Ah, shit. No.\" It won't run because we don't have a port and Apple isn't helping us.</p><p>Fast forward to 10 years later, streaming audio has appeared and no one really cares about these apps. If you consider all the apps that run on a PC or phone, it's hard to say \"OK, which native apps don't really run on Arm?\" They're almost all there.</p><p>Stay tuned for the PC thing. We are making a lot of progress. You can see what the features are through laptops from other ecosystems. I think it's a wake-up call for the industry in terms of the potential of these features, and we're going to stick with it as well.</p><p><b>Nilay: That wake-up call is due to a very wealthy company spending a lot of money on your instruction set customization, right? That's their bargaining chip. Are you saying that we as Arm can develop products that perform as efficiently per watt as M-series chips and then sell those designs to Qualcomm? Or does it come down to Qualcomm – which I believe also has the architecture license – doing it itself?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I have 100% confidence in this. You don't need a schema license to do this.</p><p><b><i>08.</i></b></p><p><b>How to win in GPU?</b></p><p><b>Nilay: On the other hand are laptops, desktops, even automakers. I went and sat in a (American pure electric car) Rivian, and I was told that GPUs and Unreal Engines powered cars. Graphics performance has become a point of differentiation for various products in the industry, and Arm has a well-named new GPU, Immortalis. Apple is not using your GPU. If you consider the large GPU vendors, they don't really think about performance per watt, do they? With the high-end Invidaca, you just need to have a nuclear reactor in the basement to run that thing, which is great. It looks good. How will you win in GPU?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>When you count by unit, we are actually the number one supplier of GPUs on the planet. I recall that during the Nvidia acquisition event, its CEO Jensen Huang made a key point: We will be faithful to our review, and performance per watt matters. We're not going to risk doing a hundred watt TDP GPU and trying to make a difference in that space. We're going to try in the 1 watt range, optimizing in that range. Then in some areas, you can start doing more on multiple GPUs.</p><p>We're starting to see people thinking about doing machine learning extensions and possibly doing those things inside the GPU. This is interesting because GPUs can benefit from some degree of AI and machine learning to perform shader rendering in a more efficient way. In the meantime, you can start working or transfer ML workloads to the GPU. There are a lot of interesting innovations that will be able to take place on our GPUs, and we are investing heavily in that space. To be clear, we will remain in an area where performance and efficiency matter.</p><p><b>Nilay: Yeah, you delivered a lot of GPUs. It is part of many customers'SoC packages. Customers with their own GPUs or their own GPU extensions lead in performance per watt. Does the same deal not matter at the end of the day because they are shipping Arm instruction set architecture and you can still get paid? Or is it \"we have to stay competitive here or they will leave altogether\"?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>GPUs are slightly different from CPUs because APIs are decimatory. Performance per watt does matter. We do a lot to level the playing field, and with Immortalis, are leading the way in many areas. Another thing that is very critical for these GPUs is the efficiency of the interface between the CPU and the GPU, which is also an area where we are investing heavily, but we have to be vigilant in the GPU market, which, as you said, is very competitive. You let people do it themselves, and you let other third parties do the product. At the same time, this is an area that we are very focused on, so we will invest in it. I think machine learning AI vectors for future use with GPUs are a huge opportunity for us.</p><p><b>Nilay: GPUs are a huge investment. You have to spend a lot of money to compete and win the design. Are you making this investment because you can win those back from other custom GPUs and get more over time? Or just to be competitive, do you need competitive GPUs?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I go back to machine learning and artificial intelligence. If you have a heterogeneous computing system and you have a CPU, GPU, and NPU, I think at some point the compiler will get smart enough that they might point to parts of the code that can run better on the GPU versus the CPU.</p><p>If you look at the entire cluster as a complete subsystem, I think there are long-term benefits to this. For us, especially when it comes to designing a system on a chip, we are trying to make a variety of significant trade-offs. Sometimes I don't want that workload running on the CPU because it draws unnecessary power, and I probably have transistors in the GPU that I might be able to use if I don't draw. We see GPUs as a very critical strategic component.</p><p><b><i>09.</i></b></p><p><b>Only Arm and RISC-V options</b></p><p><b>Nilay: GPU competitors, it's obvious in one way. CPU competitors seem harder to identify, who are your competitors?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>In terms of CPU? I think there are probably only two options, which is biased, but I don't even think there is a real option.</p><p>From an instruction set architecture perspective, if you want to build an SoC based on x86, there are only two companies in the world that will do it for you: AMD or Intel. Then there's RISC-V, which is a completely different part because it's open source and many different versions exist.</p><p>The RISC-V is a scalable processor, which means that its strengths are its weaknesses. In my opinion, scalability leads to fragmentation. I think it hurts them in terms of getting any kind of software ecosystem. It's really hard to look around and say, \"What is a major software ecosystem that runs consistently on a RISC-V processor?\" No.</p><p>So, where do we see RISC-V today in the system-on-chip? It is located in the deep embedded part of the chip, and external programmers are unaware of its existence.</p><p>Here is an analogy I can give. If you put something in the microwave and press the start button on the 30 second timer, that monitor is probably Arm, because there may be a short piece of open source application code running on it. The timer that actually turns the oven on and turns off after 30 seconds is probably RISC-V.</p><p>These are indeed the only two options. I mean, all of these are small companies, but these companies really don't have a lot of appeal in terms of market share.</p><p><b>Nilay: Do you see Arm and RISC-V going to weed out the outdated x86 world?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>x86 has been around for a long time and has a very strong installation base, and I certainly don't want to do anything to disparage what they're doing. I think the challenge with x86 is that it comes from only two companies, which in itself is a limiting factor in terms of how far it can go.</p><p><b>Nilay: Both of these companies, Intel and AMD have their own fabs, and TSMC has them. There's another manufacturing puzzle, and over time, these manufacturers seem to say, \"Look, we're really good at Arm. We're going to be good at RISC-V, and we don't want to be good at x86 anymore.\"</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>I would even wonder if they're really already very good at Arm. Needless to say, it won't be easy.</p><p><b>Nilay: Are there any other competitors like RISC-V? I mean, RISC-V is another thing like Windows on Arm. I've heard about it for a decade and it seems to be in some of the apps you're talking about.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>It's all about software. Ultimately, it's about having a rich ecosystem of developers that can leverage written software. For us, we think there are 15 million to 25 million developers programming on Arm. Some people know they program on Arm because they make use of the instruction set, but others don't because it's abstracted out. The compiler and open source library are there, which makes it easy to run.</p><p>Take an example: Smart TV. If you try to write new menus for smart TVs and try to link to the Android version that is essentially the underlying kernel, it's Arm. It's all optimized for Arm. As far as self-reporting is concerned, this is a big plus. These libraries all exist and have been optimized. Suppose you tried it on RISC-V. If Company A had added 17 new directives to make their RISC-V look a little different, then the developers wouldn't have known this. How will developers take advantage of this? RISC-V may eventually be reduced to the lowest common denominator.</p><p><b>Nilay: A few months ago, Qualcomm CEO Cristiano Amon was on the show. I asked him the same Windows on Arm question, and he kind of put the blame on the software developers, saying, \"Look, Microsoft,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/ADBE\">Adobe</a>And other large independent software vendors have to come on board and they have to make these things quickly. \" You just said it's all about software, did you take the time to talk to those companies and say, \"Look, you have to shift your focus to the future, that's Arm?\"</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>By these companies do you mean Microsoft or Adobe?</p><p><b>Nilay: Both.</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>Yes. We spend a lot of time on both, and that's where the battle is ultimately won. You've been looking at it like me for 10, 12 years, and it's closer than ever because not only has more work to be done on the original applications, but more of these native applications have been written for Arm.</p><p>Take a look at two different operating systems in the world. Other operating systems use their names in their code. View all Microsoft apps running only on their systems. They all port in this way, and as a result, all of these Microsoft apps work on your phone. We're pretty much the same, and I think the turning point comes when there's a lot of pretty decent CPU products in the market that can compete with others. From your point of view, the product proves that you don't have to sacrifice performance and game-changing battery life on form factor.</p><p><b><i>10.</i></b></p><p><b>Conclusion: What's Next for Arm?</b></p><p><b>Nilay: I always ask people what's next for their company, but I'll ask you a more specific question. You announced that Arm will go public in March 2023. Can you deliver on that goal as the time approaches?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>Unfortunately, we are now at a stage where I can't reveal much.</p><p><b>Nilay: Well, what's next for Arm?</b></p><p><b>Rene Haas:</b>We will continue to invest in the areas I mentioned. We think some of the topics we just talked about have really had strong growth: those complex packaging systems and complex designs. We're trying to find the ability to provide more to the industry because I think there's a huge opportunity there.</p><p></body></html></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/g70BOooqglRyEZ4H5QBwwA\">芯东西</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/131603997b7396ff2c6f104ae3d43a0f","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/g70BOooqglRyEZ4H5QBwwA","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1106272938","content_text":"Arm为何改变主意要上市？是否被缺芯潮殃及？如何看待《美国芯片法案》？有一家特殊的芯片公司，不曾设计一颗芯片，却处在庞大的科技世界的中心，存在于手机、电脑、电视、汽车甚至是驱动一切的数据中心里，为苹果、高通、三星等芯片巨头提供核心的底层技术支撑。它就是Arm，一家先是被苹果合资创办、后被日本软银集团收购、又差点卖身给美国GPU芯片巨头英伟达的英国芯片设计公司。Arm将指令集架构（ISA）授权给有芯片设计需求的公司，从它们手中收取使用费。通过这种方式，Arm的影响力辐射全球，以智能手机为代表的绝大多数移动设备，都离不开Arm的技术。本周二，美国科技媒体The Verge的首席主编Nilay Patel和Arm新任CEO Rene Haas完成了一场对谈，Nilay从最基本的问题循序渐进，聊到Arm是如何赚钱的、是否受到缺芯潮的影响、如何看待与x86和RISC-V指令集架构的竞争、IPO上市进展等颇受产业关注的话题。▲Arm CEO Rene Haas今年2月，在英伟达宣布放弃收购Arm的同一天，Arm董事会宣布任命Rene Haas为新任CEO。虽说Rene Haas担任Arm CEO的时间仅有半年之久，但他实际已经在Arm工作了近9年。在他看来，Arm是电子行业的瑞士，将尽可能保持中立，不试图挑选赢家。他也分享了对《美国芯片法案》的看法，认为这不仅对美国很重要，而且50年后，每个大陆都应该有世界级的芯片工厂。“我们不应该担心地缘政治对世界运作方式的担忧，因为它就像世界运转的氧气一样。”以下是芯东西对访谈实录的完整编译：01.“几乎所有你能想到的人，都是我们的客户。”Nilay：现在Arm面临着很多变化，你也有计划未来带领Arm上市，且最近也收到了上一季度的收益报告。Arm是一家非常有意思的企业，所以，我想我们可以从最开始谈起。Arm是整个科技生态系统中的一块关键拼图，它几乎影响着所有人，但它的形象又是不透明的，消费者并没有和Arm产生什么直接关系，而是由很多其他公司在中间做一个载体的身份，所以，让我们从头开始，Arm到底是做什么的？Rene Haas：就像你说的这样，Arm确实不一个众所周知的企业，外界也不是了解我们，但我们自认为我们还是非常重要的。首先，我们处在半导体世界的半导体价值链中。你几乎可以在所有半导体产品或者OEM产品中看见Arm的技术，我们在手机、笔记本电脑、智能电视中。光是看一下我的办公桌上，几乎就有几十个含有Arm处理器的东西。Arm并不直接构建产品，也不生产芯片，而是构建芯片里面的设计，我们把我们的设计许可给想要构建最终产品的人。我们最著名的产品就是CPU，它几乎是所有类型的电子设备的大脑。由于Arm不制造芯片，直接将大脑授权给有意愿的人，所以到处都是Arm的大脑。从上个季度的数据来看，在全球所有半导体公司和OEM之间，Arm制造交付了74亿颗内置了Arm CPU、GPU或者其他技术的芯片，这是一个非常庞大的数字，所以我们处在半导体价值链中，但我们不会构建任何产品，我们只负责设计，尤其是对微处理器的设计处理。Nilay：你们的客户是谁呢？Rene Haas：这个问题非常有意思。在电子行业，说谁不是我们的客户似乎更容易，因为你能想象到的几乎任何人，都是我们的客户。我们的客户有三星、台积电、格罗方德等实际生产制造芯片的企业，还有英特尔、AMD、英伟达、高通、亚马逊、微软、谷歌，当你去世界其他地方时，我们还有阿里巴巴、腾讯和字节跳动。几乎所有人都是我们的客户。Nilay：那您是如何从这些客户那里赚钱的呢？他们只是购买设计的授权许可吗？还是购买芯片样片？他们是否需要支付专利许可费呢？这些到底都是怎么运作的？Rene Haas：我们的商业模式分为两部分。第一部分是前期许可费，合作客户支付给我们这笔款项后，才能获得技术的使用权，从而有权在我们的技术上进行进一步的设计。第二部分是，如果这些设计最终投入生产并形成了最终产品，我们就会根据与合同相关的一些数学算法按单位收取使用费。因此，可以说我们有两部分收入来源，一是授权许可收入，另一个是使用费收入。Nilay：如果我在高通买了一块骁龙芯片，需要给你们付钱吗？或者是高通必须给你们付钱？又或者是别人得付？Rene Haas：你不需要支付，但高通需要。在你说的这个案例里，高通需要告知我们你购买的芯片数量，我们和高通会有一个预先商量好的特许使用费率，高通会按照商量好的费率来我们支付款项。Nilay：三星在为他们自己的智能手机设计生产自己的芯片，它里面的部门之间还必须相互签署条件。如果我购买了带有三星Exynos芯片的三星手机，而不是高通芯片，这笔钱会如何回流给您？Rene Haas：这就是Arm商业模式的绝妙之处。高通使用我们的技术，三星也是。当Galaxy手机发货时，我们很可能就会收到三星的付款了，如果这款产品是和高通合作的，那我们就会获得高通这边的付款。总之，我们都会获得付款。这具体取决于我们与合作伙伴之间的授权许可情况，通常情况下，都会与这些公司的半导体部门合作，以三星为例，如果我们与芯片部门签订合同，那么芯片部门将需要向Arm支付款项。Nilay：到了难度阶梯最顶部的最后一个疑问。苹果公司提供了一种非常独特的许可证，称为架构许可证。他们完全设计自己的芯片，我不觉得他们使用了很多你们的设计，但这是Arm的知识产权。所以当我购买MacBook Air（M2）时，您如何获得报酬？Rene Haas：在商业逻辑上都是类似的，我们和苹果这样的公司签订合同，这些公司像其他人一样向我们支付版权税。Nilay：任何人都可以获得像苹果那样的授权许可吗？使用你们的IP，但完全设计自己的东西？Rene Haas：架构许可基本上赋予了公司制造我们所谓的Arm兼容处理器的权利。任何这样做的人，都可以对微架构进行细微的修改，实际上就是如何物理地把放置在芯片上。但这些公司不能做的是修改CPU，这会使芯片无法运行Arm的指令。而这一点至关重要，因为归根结底，我们必须保持软件兼容性，无论是我们自己构建的东西，还是拥有授权许可的合作方构建的东西，只要在运行Arm处理器，就都必须符合运行Arm软件的要求。我们打造了非常好的CPU，我觉得要构建一个和我们不同或更好，同时仍然符合Arm标准的CPU是非常困难的，当然，这也有可能是我自己的偏见。过去这么做的人有很多，但现在变少了，因为一是很难做，二是很难找到做这件事的人。要建立这种人才团队的难度非常大，大多数公司面对这条路都会说：“如果我构建一个SoC（系统级芯片），而我只有这么多宝贵的工程师，那么差异化的Arm CPU可能并不是一个非常值得投入精力的地方。” 况且他们还有其他需要投入的地方，比如摄像头、调制解调器或IO的支持。Nilay：当苹果或其他架构的被授权方交付产品时，您是否有团队去验证它正在运行Arm指令集并且他们没有违反规则？或者您只是使用荣誉系统，这样就不会太惹到（苹果CEO）蒂姆·库克了？Rene Haas：我们有一套这方面的要求以及一个合规性套件，方便我们进行测试，以从根本上验证他们构建的内容是否符合Arm标准。我们会针对它进行测试，检测是否可以运行Arm指令和代码，编译器是否损坏，或者是否无法识别正确的指令。所以简短的回答是，我们确实会为所有基于架构许可的构建设计提供一套合规性测试。Nilay：除了人们可能遇到的英特尔和AMD CPU，因为它有点不透明，我认为闭环是你真正验证这是以Arm的方式运作的Arm东西的地方，我想大多数人都不理解这一点，所以我想问这组问题并感受一下业务。Rene Haas：这些都是非常重要的问题。让我们在历史上几乎无处不在的一件事是，无论是基于Arm CPU内核授权，还是基于Arm指令集架构授权，他们都需要运行针对Arm指令集架构的软件，并且不会中断。Arm有一些失败的CPU，它们允许扩展，也就是允许客户添加自定义指令，虽然这听起来很创新而且很酷，但真正与CPU架构相关的是让开发人员知道它会的运行。如果开发人员正在为OEM编写一段代码并且嵌入了Arm，则开发人员不想知道、不需要知道，甚至无法知道他们正在设计一个内置Bob芯片的恒温器，并且Bob有一些额外的说明。你需要利用这一点，因为他们可能不知道其他OEM设备是否具有包含这些指令的Arm芯片。公平竞争并确保软件数据集看起来相同非常重要。我们的创始人在坚持这一点并使其具有快速的特点上做得非常出色。你可以看到这一点现在确实在让我们受益。02.保持中立，不试图挑选赢家Nilay：你的很多客户在多个领域都有着毫不避讳的激烈竞争关系。我和很多像你这样的高管谈过。在我看来，相比工程和研究类的工作，他们做的人际交涉工作要多得多。你是否也是如此？你认为自己是一个确保公平以平衡竞争关系的商业政治家，还是你仍然把较多心思放在处理器的设计和研发方面？Rene Haas：我们肯定深陷在人际交涉的各种事情里，这本来就是我们要去做的事，但我们也花费了大量的时间和精力来开发这些CPU和软件生态系统，以解决合作伙伴的问题，真正确保产品处于领先地位。有一点不同的是，我们与每个人打交道，都必须保持我们在处理合作伙伴关系的方式上的一致性，这实际上是围绕对技术的访问、对错误的访问以及对人员的访问。世界依赖于Arm，正如你所说的那样，我们有点不透明，在播客上说世界依赖于Arm，有人听会想说：“我依赖你们？我都不认识你们！” 但我们真的在非常认真地管理与合作伙伴的关系。Nilay：让我再举一个简单的例子，我真觉得这个例子很有启发性。几年前，我们与运行HDMI（高清多媒体接口）的人交谈过，是他们树立了将PlayStation（索尼于1994年在日本发售的家用游戏机）插进电视的行业标准。当然，这也是当你的遥控器就可以控制电视上的所有东西时，HDMI成了无法完美运行的原因所在。坦白说，他们已经举起双手投降了：“这个问题太难解决了，没有人愿意搞定这件事，大家都在摆烂了。” 从政治角度来看，我明白为什么这是他们的答案，因为这是最低的赌注，对吧？我只是想把我的DVD播放器插入电视，然后让遥控器去控制工作，但里面的政治性质是无法逾越的，况且它也不是行业标准机构，需要冒很大的风险大。Arm是一家需要向股东报告收益的企业，想要上市，那就必须为自己的股东增加收益。这之间的摩擦、紧张您会如何处理？Rene Haas：我们真的是尽量保持中立。我们被称为“电子工业界的瑞士”（以中立态度著称），这是一个不错的比照。我们不会试图挑选赢家，我们会涉足生态系统中的各个子生态系统。如果你从半导体链的最底层开始，格芯（Global Foundries）、三星、台积电、英特尔等所有芯片制造商，你会意识到你必须和他们所有人合作。我们必须确保我们的技术能够建立在世界上每一种半导体工艺上，这需要所有这些合作伙伴的投资。然后，一路向上，当你想到Android、Linux、Windows以及我们支持的所有主要操作系统时，我们必须确保我们也在其中。我们真的尽量不让自己在一方和另一方的竞争中占据优势。我不确定我们最终会如何达到这一点，但这个目标就意味着我们站在一个相当大的生态系统的肩膀上。这是一个生态系统，里面有设计工具、制造过程、软件操作系统和中间件。我们经常与相关产业链厂商合作，并创建它们。我们并没有真正与标准机构进行太多合作，但我们确实与我刚刚提到的所有厂商进行了大量合作。我们确保从路线图的角度了解他们正在尝试做的所有事情，以确保我们尽可能地合规。归根结底，我们将技术许可给构建芯片的人，构建芯片的人想要在可以制造芯片的范围里拥有最广泛的机会。03.团队规模近6000人，Rene Haas如何做决策？Nilay：我想了解一下Arm的其他基础知识，Arm有多少员工？Rene Haas：我看到的最后一个人数可能是5800人左右，但加上承包商的话，可能在6000人以上。Nilay：它们的结构如何？都是芯片设计，还是有律师？专利代理人和芯片设计师的比例是1：1吗？这是如何运作的？Rene Haas：当然不是律师和工程师1:1，我就只能说这么多了。Nilay：有些公司是1:1的律师和工程师。Rene Haas：我们离那种程度还很远。我们的员工主要是工程师，其中大多数在英国。我们在英国、法国和北欧的不同地区有几个不同的工程站点；在美国的亚利桑那州和德克萨斯州还有几处设计中心；在印度的班加罗尔和诺伊达也有不少设计工程师。相比之下，我们的法律部门非常小。如果用缩略图比例来显示，工程师和律师的比例是相当大的。我们在许可模式运作的方式上以及保护知识产权方面做得非常好。虽然没有庞大的法律部门，但确实有很多工程师，因为这些产品真的很难制造。Nilay：谁向你汇报？你的团队是如何构成的？Rene Haas：我是CEO，我们还有首席财务官、首席人事官和法律报告负责人，整体是围绕业务部门组织起来的，形成了一个垂直的业务结构。我们拥有汽车、物联网（IoT）、基础设施和客户端业务，还有首席架构师、销售主管和工程主管，这些人也向我汇报。正如我列出的这样，有很多直接下属。Arm主要以人为本，围绕业务中的工程、人、法律和财务运作。Nilay：这个问题是我经常问别人的经典问题。你在Arm工作了9年，担任CEO已经6个月。您是如何做决定的？您的框架是什么？Rene Haas：我不得不稍微撒个小谎，说我和托尼·法德尔共进晚餐，我知道你不久前采访过他，我很欣赏他习惯将基于意见的决策与基于数据的决策进行对比。我想说的是，你的胡须和头发越白，你就越能接受基于意见的决定。人类的历史会重演，因为我们是人类，人类会重复同样的成功和错误。而我是意见和数据的混合体，经验越丰富，我就越依赖直觉。经验有帮助。对于那些球迷来说：为什么汤姆·布雷迪仍然在45岁时打四分卫，尽管在身体上，他和年龄只有他一半的人一起踢球？因为要骗他很难，他什么都看出来了。而商业远比职业足球复杂。所以，对你的问题的简短回答是数据和意见，两者我都依赖，但现在可能意见比数据更能帮助我，因为我的直觉更直观。Nilay：我对汤姆·布雷迪的理解是，他不吃任何西红柿，每天都吃鳄梨冰淇淋，这些也在你的菜单上吗？Rene Haas：他有点像本杰明·巴顿，每次看他，他都越来越年轻。我也有奇怪的饮食习惯。英国人会知道，我每天午餐都会吃酸奶和格兰诺拉麦片。我的助理几乎会先发制人地说：“我把你的酸奶放在冰箱里了。上面有你的名字。”并不是说我会把自己归为超级成功的那一类，但我确实从其他领导者那里也看到了这一点，这些东西减少了你必须做出的决定的数量，且我一直发现它对我个人是有帮助的。我穿同样的衣服。我吃同样的食物。这是我喜欢的东西，而且不用担心。Nilay：现在让我们谈谈一个重大决定。众所周知，Arm卷入了软银愿景基金的这场风暴，软银为愿景基金筹集了数十亿美元，直接收购Arm对软银来说是笔大买卖，他们投资了很多公司，还在愿景基金有点不稳定时试图将其卖给英伟达。业界基本上尽其所能地游说反对这笔交易，并表示：“我们不希望英伟达拥有这种核心的CPU技术，不要这样做。” 政府也出面表示将阻止这笔交易，最终软银放弃了。然后你以新任CEO的身份到来，说要让公司上市，这是一个很大的翻转。你的前任曾坚决反对让Arm上市，原因是我们之前谈到的：必须增加收入的压力，对抗中立公平的供应商模式会面临的风险，毕竟你可以通过特殊交易来增加收入。这些压力会到来，但这都将是你的决定，你是怎么做出这个决定的？Rene Haas：在去年年底，英伟达交易基本分崩离析时，我们宣布了这种转变。在我于2月中旬接手并于3月结束我们的财政年度之后，我们终于能够谈论财务业绩，这件事有一段时间没做过了。在英伟达时期，我们非常低调，当我们宣布今年的收入时，我们创下了超过20亿美元的记录——26亿美元，过去我们从未做过超过20亿美元的事。我们的营业利润率接近40%，但外界几乎都认为我们正在亏损，因为我们非常低调。如果你快进到本季度，它甚至比我们去年结束时的水平还要高：超过50%和7亿美元的收入，其中4.5亿美元是特许权使用费。我与分析师和记者们的几次电话都像是，“这是从哪里来的？你在做什么有趣的数学？这是某种形式的方程式吗？” 但实际上，我们知道我们做得很好。软银收购Arm后不久，我们重组并创建了两个业务部门，我接管了经典的Arm，开始转向其他市场。这个支点不仅是一种商业模式，也是一种产品。我们知道数据中心正在发生一些变化，台积电在处理方面做得非常好，我们在软件工作负载方面也取得了良好的进展。我们认为，如果我们将投资推进到一些特定的指令上，例如SME和SVE，这些是超大规模计算机上特定工作负载的矢量扩展，我们可以在超大规模计算机市场方面有所收获。Nilay：让每个人都清楚，这就是云计算市场，那是你的谷歌云，AWS的东西。Rene Haas：那是你的云。AWS是我们的重要合作伙伴。他们宣布了Graviton2以及一些相当令人瞠目结舌的数字，相对于其他架构的价格性能提高了40%。因此，我们不仅通过开发不同的产品，而且通过商业模式战略的不同部分来解决这个问题，从而使我们的业务多样化。我们知道我们的生意会好起来的。你现在看到的所有财务结果都非常棒，团队在这方面做得非常出色，这些真的都是来自几年前的工作，你不会在一夜之间看到每单位的版税成果。我们开发IP，然后IP必须交给客户，他们必须制造出一个芯片，该芯片必须进入一个产品，产品必须是合格的。所有这些可能需要3到4年的时间，我们对我们要到达的地方感觉很不错，在我们一直投资的领域，例如云、汽车和物联网，我们也觉得不错。这些都是我认为我们非常适合的大型长期增长领域。Nilay：两年前你做了一些赌注，现在得到了丰厚的回报，你认为季度间的投资者压力会改变你运营公司的方式吗？Rene Haas：我认为任何时候你都是一家上市公司，这只是世界运作方式的一部分。不过，我不能过多谈论作为上市公司的生活会是什么样子，我受到非常严格的命令限制，要留在我的区域内，不能谈论太多。Nilay：公司里为数不多的一位律师正要跑进房间。Rene Haas：哈哈，所以我真的不能说太多。但我可以说，我们对所涉市场的长期增长非常有信心。04.对Arm来说，汽车将会是一个大市场Nilay：你刚刚表达了对汽车、物联网和云的信心。云市场存在且还在增长中，Arm已经对此采取了措施。我与很多汽车行业的CEO交谈过，我们在The Verge cast上花了很多时间谈论智能家居和物联网。但那些市场还没有真正的转弯，作为Arm CEO，你可以推动这一点吗？还是更像是“我们只要为汽车真正的成为车轮上的网络计算机，而准备好设计和产品”？Rene Haas：当人们想到汽车中的电子设备时，他们会自动转向自动驾驶等。想想汽车内部有什么，以及汽车中的流程数量。仪表板全是数字化的、电脑化的，动力传动系统，以及与后视镜和刹车有关的任何东西，所有这些都在迅速转移到Arm上，在Arm上运作。智能汽车中发生的许多事情正在向Arm移动。在动力传动系中，你有许多旧的独立的电子控制单元（ECU），他们可能有一个旧的专有微控制器，并且不与汽车的其他部分相同。所有这些ECU都在重新设计，每辆汽车内部，可能有 50-70个ECU，而且每一个都可能有一个旧的专有微控制器，它们没有连接，没有内存管理单元。因此，添加自动和高级驾驶辅助系统（ADAS）后，汽车可以成为高度联网的设备，这是Arm要发展的一个领域。对我们来说，汽车有点像多种技术的沙盒：仪表板、动力传动系统、动力传动系统/ECU。顺便说一句，自治对我们来说是一个巨大的机会。回到数据中心领域，就计算而言，汽车中真正重要的是性能和效率，你不能在你的后备箱里有一台服务器运行电动汽车，今天的一些汽车就是这样的。随着时间的推移，这种情况会得到改善，我们对汽车市场非常乐观，在那里我们也会发展得非常快。Nilay：那么，你是否要请你的一些工程师说，去找可以跨汽车工作的ECU、发动机控制器或车身控制模块，以便英伟达的人可以来获得许可并将其出售给福特？Rene Haas：这其实已经在发生了。这些用于汽车的CPU效率、功率和功能安全都很重要。你必须拥有所有保障措施以确保它可以安全运行。有些人通过计算库在软件中执行此操作，但大多数人更愿意在硬件中执行此操作，因为硬件中执行更安全有效。我们开发了嵌入功能安全的汽车处理器和图形处理器。之前我们没有这样做，之前我们基本上只会推出一个通用的东西，以便在你想要的任何地方使用。这是我们在过去几年中做出重大改变的事情之一。Nilay：我们现在在谈论未来了，让我们把话题拉回到当下。我们长期以来一直处于芯片短缺状态，这次的“缺芯”也可能不会结束。英特尔和英伟达的季度业绩都不太理想，英特尔说他们实际上会提高价格。在芯片短缺的情况下，你会在哪里？那是现在影响你的事情吗？那是你看到来来去去的东西吗？你有点脱离了这个实际的部分。Rene Haas：我们脱离了不制造任何东西的观点，但我们确实又和芯片有关，我们的版税模型与人们订购的组件有关。回到前面的讨论，我们在终端市场方面非常多样化。正在发生的另一件事是这些SoC中使用了越来越多的CPU。移动手机的应用处理器可能使用一个CPU，而用于计算的集群现在是9个或10个不同的CPU。你有10个CPU，这只是应用处理器（AP），然后考虑触摸传感器、显示器还有摄像头这些东西。我们看到，尽管智能手机等某些市场的销量一直在走向疲软，但从产品走向的角度来看，我们一直受到它的保护。Nilay：你听过我们与Willy Shih的那一集吗？他就在这里，告诉我们卫生纸的事情，然后谈到了芯片和液晶显示器的制造。由于他们有太多的SKU，卖的纸种类太多，所以决定减少卫生纸的种类，最后这一决策解决了很大一部分问题。Rene Haas：没错。所以现在想想一辆需要各种二极管、电容器、电阻器和热传感器的汽车，不仅仅是因为很难获得3纳米，而且很难建造晶圆厂。你可以从我的头发颜色看出我在这个行业已经很长时间了，我一直处于商业周期中，人们开始停止研发并放慢项目速度，他们渐渐不尝试新事物，停止了创新。我认为这是因为一切都数字化了，对电子产品的超高需求以及它将如何改变我们的生活。我们的指标是什么？许可和新设计开始对我们来说从未如此美好，因为它遍及所有的市场。05.“50年后，每个大陆都应该有世界级的晶圆厂”Nilay：你所说的是研发正在加快步伐的原因之一。全球范围内都开始重新认识全球化的前景，世界不再那么平静。美国刚刚通过了芯片法案，以真正激励芯片制造和各种设计投资。台积电正在美国建设，英特尔刚刚在俄亥俄州的新工厂破土动工。你是否看到考虑到，大家都知道我们严重依赖中国台湾的少数晶圆厂，而中国台湾是一个地缘政治热点地区。我们需要将这种关键的技术依赖转移到自己的国家。这是你会参与的事情吗，还是你只是在旁观？Rene Haas：我们肯定会参与这件事。只要我们可以通过与任何国家的政治官员交谈来扩大对此的需求，我们就会提供帮助。这不仅仅是Arm问题，而是一个行业问题。你正在做的任何事情的单点故障都不是一件好事，疫情暴露了很多东西，人们开始睁大双眼，看到哪些事情才是真正的问题。我非常感谢推动芯片法案的人们，这一点真的非常重要。这不仅对美国很重要，从现在起往后50年，每个大陆都应该有自己的世界级晶圆厂。我们不必担心地缘政治问题，晶圆厂之后会像世界运转的氧气一样。Nilay：现在前沿工艺节点主要由台积电控制，用5nm、3nm的技术遥遥领先，很少有人能在这个水平上竞争。你的智能手机用的都是最前沿的技术，而用于汽车上的基本都是较成熟的工艺节点（40nm、14nm），工艺受到严重限制，不再有人投资建造这些晶圆厂。你怎么看待这种结果？你对处于拥有前沿技术的台积电存在这种严格限制怎么看，每个人都想在这些东西上提高建设能力，但没有人想为旧东西提高建设能力。Rene Haas：我不是制造专家，但我可以告诉你的是，我们看到很多关于如何将某些晶圆厂转换为新工作的事正在完成。就像你说的那样。人们通常会有点不愿意将大量资金投入到这里面，你或许会想可以将我们正在建造的晶圆厂转换为某种工艺技术，并将其转变为逻辑晶圆厂？有存储晶圆厂可以转换成逻辑晶圆厂吗？但这是一个非常复杂的问题，因为世界上只有这么多工厂，知道如何建造这些东西的人只有这么多，他们都是上市公司，必须去赚钱，总之这是一个非常复杂的矩阵。30年前，日本的逻辑晶圆厂是世界级的，遍布全国。现在这个数字已经基本下降到为零。日本正在寻找方法改变这种局面，以使更多的晶圆厂重新上线。我想你会看到很多在美国在其他国家有完成芯片法案之类的事情。我认为韩国的晶圆厂有巨大的能力，不过，它也是一个复杂而困难的问题。06.“英特尔CEO做了很多正确的事”Nilay：Arm对台积电的依赖程度如何？感觉就像很多公司都意识到他们真的依赖于一家公司。它是行业领导者是有原因的，但那里有很多依赖。在设计新的处理器类型或架构时，你是否考虑过这种依赖性？Rene Haas：我们与台积电密切合作。所有晶圆厂对我们都很重要，Arm会保持中立态度。说真的，它们都很重要。在一个理想的世界里，我们有很多人可以构建前沿技术。一般来说，在智能手机里，数据中心里，通常是最前沿的工艺，因为大家真的在努力尽可能地发挥出最大的性能，在汽车和工业领域则不然。所以，任何采用前沿工艺的晶圆厂对我们来说都非常重要。Nilay：众所周知，英特尔长期以来一直是一家集成设计和晶圆厂企业。他们基本上被台积电所震撼，现在，他们又有了一位新的CEO，他正在打破这种局面，计划向其他人开放他们的工厂。你刚才说英特尔是客户，你正在和他们合作吗？Rene Haas：我们希望台积电能够制造大量Arm产品，他们确实这样做了。我们希望英特尔也这样做。Nilay：你对英特尔能够做到这一点持乐观态度吗？Rene Haas：我认为（英特尔CEO）帕特做了很多正确的事情。他的工作很辛苦，完成得也非常好，我们非常愿意和他一起做更多的事情。Nilay：又是一个偏政治的答案，但我必须问。在芯片法案方面，人们对法案的通过、签署都很兴奋。英特尔受到了很多批评，因为它宣布削减资本支出并增加股息，而不是将其投入晶圆厂。从广义上讲，你认为这是正确的举措吗？我们应该为美国的晶圆厂寻找什么样的时机？Rene Haas：我不会怀疑帕特关于他如何花钱的决定。回到你说的，我们谈论的是单点故障。我觉得我们需要快速行动，尽快启动这些设施，让它们上线，构建更多冗余，减少单点故障的风险。所以我们需要更多的晶圆厂。Nilay：你根据什么样的时机做出决定？如果今天通过一项法案，或者今天有人宣布了一个新的晶圆厂，我们五年内都看不到它，那你如何看待你的决策时机？Rene Haas：在担任CEO六个月后，我仍在学习，身上有很多责任，最大的责任之一就是要思考五年后的问题。因为我们的商业运作方式，从设计的产品到能看到收入的过程是相当长的。我们正在考虑机会在哪里，需要在哪里进行投资，威胁又在哪里，以及系统和软件设计的方向。我的大部分精力都花在思考2025年和2026年的世界会是什么样子上，而不是下个季度。07.请继续关注PC，Arm正取得很大进展Nilay：有一些长期押注更关注消费者，而不是更换汽车后备箱中的服务器。目前与Arm有关的最热门趋势是，苹果公司从英特尔x86处理器转向基于Arm指令集架构授权的自研M系列处理器，来支持它们的Mac，提升了电池寿命和性能的同时，也帮助苹果降低了采购成本。现在，由于这些芯片，Mac也基本成了你能买到的最好的笔记本电脑了。这反映了Arm架构处理器在PC市场也能够获得巨大成功，Arm可以帮助其他行业做这些事情吗？或者是仅设计，并希望高通能够做出让微软和戴尔也能做到这一点的芯片？从你的角度来看，你如何看待与行业的关系？Rene Haas：我认为我们可以做更多的事情，而且可能需要做更多的事情。这不是因为我们需要帮助这个行业，而是因为这些产品的构建真的很复杂。让我们先谈谈架构许可。之前，很多厂商认为你需要获得架构许可才能构建更好的CPU来与Arm竞争，但是，微处理器每个时钟的IPC指令只是真正可以改变设计的一方面，还需要考虑内存子系统、互连、高速缓存的大小、与SoC其他部分的接口方式，并确保SoC位于具有芯片和芯片互连的多芯片封装中。有些客户非常擅长这些东西，并且可以弄清楚，所以他们不需要我们的过多帮助。但随着时间的推移，越来越多的企业将需要Arm做更多，这是我们非常密切关注的一个趋势。Nilay：从你的角度来看，只要都是Arm筹码，谁赢并不重要是吗？如果苹果公司占据笔记本电脑市场100%的份额，那对你来说非常好。如果微软、惠普和高通能够在Arm笔记本电脑上搭配具有竞争力的Windows，并占据50%的份额，你仍然可以获得报酬。是不是感觉无论谁赢，你都会赢？Rene Haas：如果产品与Arm指令集架构一起发货，那对我们来说是一件好事，如果使用了替代设备，则意味着它没有使用Arm指令集架构，对我们来说就不太好。我刚上任时，在网站上用自己的名字取了一个小绰号，并与公关团队合作，用了一句slogan“无论在哪里发生计算，Arm都会出现”。不管恒温器或微波炉、Polycom，还是智能电视、笔记本电脑等等，这些都是基于Arm的。Nilay：你刚才说计算发生在哪里，对于大多数人来说，计算发生在他们的笔记本电脑和台式机上。我听说Windows on Arm（WoA）已有13年了，虽然没有发生，但你只满足于让苹果吃掉这个行业吗？因为在这个极其庞大的行业中仍有其他人的指令集，比如英特尔的指令集。Rene Haas：我曾在一家开发Windows RT的公司工作，担任那个产品线的总经理。在加入Arm之前，我在英伟达工作多年（在英伟达担任副总裁兼计算产品业务部门总经理长达7年），我们在这方面取得了巨大进展，因为我们觉得真正的引爆点就在那里。转折点确实存在，我在Windows RT笔记本电脑上进行的第一次新闻采访时，我记得与一群记者会面，他们问我的第一个问题是：“它运行iTunes吗？” 我们就像：“啊，该死。不。” 它不能运行，因为我们没有端口，苹果公司也没有帮助我们。快进到10年后，流媒体音频已经出现，没有人真正关心这些应用程序。如果你考虑在PC或手机上运行的所有应用程序，就很难说“好吧，哪些原生应用程序不是真正在Arm上运行的？” 他们几乎都在那里。请继续关注PC的事情。我们正在取得很大进展。你可以通过其他生态系统的笔记本电脑看到功能是什么。我认为就这些功能的潜力而言，这对行业敲响了警钟，我们也会坚持下去。Nilay：那个警钟是由于一家非常富有的公司在你的指令集自定义上花费了大量资金，对吗？那是他们的筹码。你是说我们作为Arm可以开发出每瓦性能与M系列芯片一样高效的产品，然后将这些设计卖给高通吗？还是归结为高通——我相信它也拥有架构许可——自己做？Rene Haas：我对此有100%的信心。你不需要架构许可证即可执行此操作。08.如何在GPU中获胜？Nilay：另一方面是笔记本电脑、台式机，甚至汽车制造商。我去坐在一辆（美国纯电动汽车）Rivian上，我被告知GPU和虚幻引擎驱动汽车。图形性能已成为该行业各种产品的差异化的点，Arm有一个名字很好的新GPU，Immortalis。苹果公司没有使用你的GPU。如果你考虑大型GPU供应商，他们并没有真正考虑每瓦性能，是吗？使用高端的英伟达卡，你只需要在地下室有一个核反应堆来运行那个东西，这很棒。看起来不错。你将如何在GPU中获胜？Rene Haas：当你按单位计算时，我们实际上是地球上GPU的第一大供应商。我记得，英伟达收购事件期间，其CEO黄仁勋提出了一个关键点：我们将忠实于我们的审查，每瓦特的性能很重要。我们不会冒险去做百瓦TDP GPU并尝试在那个领域发挥作用。我们将在1瓦范围内尝试，在该范围内进行优化。然后在某些领域，你可以开始在多个GPU方面做更多的事情。我们开始看到人们正在考虑做机器学习扩展，并可能在GPU内做这些事情。这很有趣，因为GPU可以从某种程度的AI和机器学习中受益，从而以更有效的方式进行着色器绘制。同时，你可以开始工作或将ML工作负载转移到GPU上。有很多有趣的创新将能够在我们的GPU上进行，我们正在该领域进行大量投资。需要明确的是，我们将留在一个性能和效率很重要的领域。Nilay：是的，你交付了很多GPU。它是许多客户的SoC包的一部分。拥有自己的GPU或自己的GPU扩展的客户的每瓦性能领先。是否同样的交易在一天结束时并不重要，因为他们正在运送Arm指令集架构并且你仍然可以获得报酬？或者是“我们必须在这里保持竞争力，否则他们将完全离开”？Rene Haas：GPU与CPU略有不同，因为API是抽取式的。每瓦性能确实很重要。我们为公平竞争做了很多工作，而且有了Immortalis，在许多领域都处于领先地位。对这些GPU来说非常关键的另一件事是CPU和GPU之间的接口效率，这也是我们大力投资的领域，但我们必须在GPU市场上保持警惕，正如你所说，这是非常有竞争力的。你让人们自己做，你让其他第三方做产品。同时，这是我们非常关注的一个领域，所以我们会投资。我认为未来与GPU一起使用的机器学习AI向量对我们来说是一个巨大的机会。Nilay：GPU是一项巨大的投资。你必须花很多钱来竞争并赢得设计。你进行这种投资是因为随着时间的推移，你可以从其他定制GPU中赢回这些产品并获得更多收益吗？还是仅仅为了具有竞争力，你需要有竞争力的GPU？Rene Haas：我回到机器学习和人工智能。如果你有一个异构计算系统，你有一个CPU、GPU和NPU，我认为在某个时间点编译器会变得足够聪明，它们可能会指向可以运行得更好的部分代码在GPU与CPU上。如果你将整个集群视为一个完整的子系统，我认为这会带来长期利益。对我们来说，尤其是在设计片上系统时，我们正在尝试进行各种重大权衡。有时我不希望该工作负载在CPU上运行，因为它会消耗不必要的功率，而且我可能在GPU中有晶体管，如果我不画画的话，我可能可以使用它们。 我们认为GPU是一个非常关键的战略组件。09.只有Arm和RISC-V两种选择Nilay：GPU竞争对手，在某一方面是显而易见的。CPU的竞争对手似乎更难识别，你的竞争对手是谁？Rene Haas：在CPU方面？我想大概只有两个选择，这是有偏见的，但我甚至认为没有真正的选择。从指令集架构的角度来看，如果你想基于x86构建SoC，世界上只有两家公司会为你做这件事：AMD或英特尔。然后是RISC-V，它是一个完全不同的部分，因为它是开源的并且存在许多不同的版本。RISC-V是一个可扩展的处理器，这意味着它的优势就是它的劣势。在我看来，可扩展性会导致碎片化。我认为这在获得任何类型的软件生态系统方面伤害了他们。环顾四周真的很难说，“什么是在RISC-V处理器上始终如一地运行的主要软件生态系统？”没有。那么，我们今天在片上系统中的什么地方看到了RISC-V？它位于芯片的深层嵌入部分，外部程序员不知道它的存在。这是我可以给出的一个类比。如果你在微波炉里放一些东西，然后在30秒计时器上按下启动键，那显示器可能是Arm，因为上面可能运行了一小段开源应用程序代码。实际打开烤箱并在30秒后关闭的计时器可能是RISC-V。这些确实是仅有的两个选择。我的意思是，所有这些都是小公司，但这些公司在市场份额上确实没有太大的吸引力。Nilay：你是否看到Arm和RISC-V会淘汰过时的x86世界？Rene Haas：x86已经存在很长时间，并且拥有非常强大的安装基础，我当然不想做任何事情来贬低他们正在做的事情。我认为x86的挑战在于它仅来自两家公司，就其可以走多远而言，这本身就是一个限制因素。Nilay：这两家公司，英特尔和AMD都有自己的晶圆厂，台积电也有。还有另一个制造难题，随着时间的推移，这些制造商似乎会说，“看，我们真的很擅长Arm。我们将擅长RISC-V，我们不想再擅长x86了。”Rene Haas：我甚至会怀疑他们是否真的已经非常擅长Arm了。毋庸置疑，这并不容易。Nilay：有没有像RISC-V这样的其他竞争对手？我的意思是，RISC-V是另一个类似Windows on Arm的东西。我听说它已经有十年了，它似乎出现在你所说的一些应用程序中。Rene Haas：这都是关于软件的。归根结底，它是关于拥有一个能够利用编写软件的丰富的开发者生态系统。对我们来说，我们认为有1500万到2500万开发人员在Arm上编程。有些人知道他们在Arm上编程，因为他们利用了指令集，但也有一些人不知道，因为它被抽象掉了。编译器和开源库都在那里，这使得它很容易运行。举个例子：智能电视。如果你尝试为智能电视编写新菜单并尝试链接到本质上是底层内核的 Android版本，那就是Arm。这一切都针对Arm进行了优化。就自我报告而言，这是一个很大的优势。这些库都存在，并且已经完成了优化。假设你在RISC-V上尝试过。如果A公司添加17条新指令以使他们的 RISC-V看起来有点不同，那么开发人员不会知道这一点。开发人员将如何利用这一点？RISC-V可能最终被简化为最低公分母。Nilay：几个月前，高通CEO克里斯蒂亚诺·安蒙（Cristiano Amon）参加过这个节目。我问了他同样的Windows on Arm问题，他有点把责任归咎于软件开发者，说：“看，微软、Adobe和其他大型独立软件供应商必须加入，他们必须快速制作这些东西。” 你刚才说这都是关于软件的，你是否花时间与那些公司说：“看，你必须将注意力转移到未来，这就是Arm？”Rene Haas：你说的这些公司是指微软还是Adobe？Nilay：两个都是。Rene Haas：是的。我们花了很多时间在两者上，这就是最终要赢得战斗的地方。你和我一样已经看了10年、12年了，它比以往任何时候都更接近，因为不仅在原有应用程序上要做更多的工作，而且已经为Arm编写了更多这些本地应用程序。看看世界上两种不同的操作系统。其他操作系统在代码中使用他们的名字。查看仅在其系统上运行的所有微软应用程序。它们都以这种方式移植，因此，所有这些微软应用程序都可以在你的手机上运行。我们也差不多，我认为当市场上有很多相当不错的CPU产品可以与其他人竞争时，转折点就会出现。就你的观点而言，该产品证明了你不必在外形尺寸上牺牲性能和改变游戏规则的电池寿命。10.结语：Arm的下一步是什么？Nilay：我总是问人们他们公司的下一步是什么，但我会问你一个更具体的问题。你宣布Arm将于2023年3月上市，随着时间的临近，能否兑现这个目标呢？Rene Haas：不幸的是，我们现在正处于我不能透露太多的阶段。Nilay：好吧，Arm的下一步是什么？Rene Haas：我们将继续在我提到的领域进行投资。我们认为刚刚谈到的一些主题确实有强劲的增长：那些复杂的封装系统和复杂的设计。我们正在努力寻找为行业提供更多服务的能力，因为我认为那里有巨大的机会。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1234,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9915521086,"gmtCreate":1665075274546,"gmtModify":1676537553342,"author":{"id":"4087307656420840","authorId":"4087307656420840","name":"Kimi_Loke","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/66bed9983ac8b5efd19b421fb9421f08","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4087307656420840","idStr":"4087307656420840"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/AAPL\">$蘋果(AAPL)$</a>[财迷]&nbsp;","listText":"<a 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