2021审判日？为什么不看好股市及商品超级周期

泷韬全球宏观2021-03-24

作者：袁玉玮去年，由全球央行放水驱动的股，债，商品三牛，导致无论国内外，大多数投资者都对2021过度乐观。但是，从宏观基本面来说，2020年股市其实没有基本面支持（我不反对个别行业）。去年的牛市，其实是疫情诱发的金融危机和经济危机大背景下，央行看跌期权 —— 央行为了切断经济危机里的风险传导链，救市压制资产下行波动。那么，体弱内需的经济去年被人为压制的波动 —— 就像令狐冲被一群庸医用外力压制的内...

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Comments

飞车手
2021-03-25
飞车手
666
- 飞车手:
  666
吉星lily
2021-03-25
吉星lily
瞎說的
吉星lily
2021-03-25
吉星lily
這就叫審判日？[噴血]
WilllllChen
2021-03-25
WilllllChen
這馬後炮打的.所有熱點都蹭上了[笑哭]
华尔街小街
2021-03-25
华尔街小街
廢話連篇
海7525
2021-03-25
海7525
爲什麼呢？

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Why not be optimistic about the stock market and commodity supercycle","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c4a7ec8fab167fa9a14c9c501cd9396f","symbols_score_info":{".DJI":0.9,"000001.SH":0.9},"content_text":"作者：袁玉玮去年，由全球央行放水驱动的股，债，商品三牛，导致无论国内外，大多数投资者都对2021过度乐观。但是，从宏观基本面来说，2020年股市其实没有基本面支持（我不反对个别行业）。去年的牛市，其实是疫情诱发的金融危机和经济危机大背景下，央行看跌期权 —— 央行为了切断经济危机里的风险传导链，救市压制资产下行波动。那么，体弱内需的经济去年被人为压制的波动 —— 就像令狐冲被一群庸医用外力压制的内疾 —— 理论上会向后延伸分布，除非经济会快速繁荣（这非常不现实）。为什么看空新兴市场，尤其土耳其，拉美股汇双杀美债收益率是全球资产定价的锚。无论你如何否认外力的作用，美国在全球的金融影响力目前无人匹敌。另外，2016年之后的广义价值投资，茅指数崛起，其实也是A股对外资开放后，投资风格机构化，长期化，被动化，基本面驱动的过程。我个人认为，在内部资产虚火旺盛，充斥泡沫，过度高估（万得全A-ex银行石化PE达到41倍）的时候，外部因素影响一定超过内部因素，从全球宏观的角度全方位评估风险。外部任何风吹草动都可能是压倒骆驼的稻草。美元泛滥，发达国家0/负利率，在去年推动了全球资产泡沫，那么当美债利率上涨的时候，其实就是每个国家的“资产管理人”要面临一定hurdle rate才能收业绩费的考核 —— 潮退了，我们才知道谁没游泳。我们之前选了历史上一贯有债务危机传统的土耳其，拉美作为做空标的，近期暴跌之前，他们都面临疫情恶化，或国内恶性通胀的危险。作为石油产出国，巴西甚至害怕石油涨价恶化通胀，撤了巴西石油公司的CEO，通胀风险可见一斑。符合这2个标准的还有印度，俄罗斯，但因为：前者的种姓制度根本忽略底层的“人”的生死，没有道德和经济包袱，疫情对他们来说就像一场内部优胜劣汰，所以从资产上很难观测波动；而后者由于受益于石油上涨，而且前几年未雨绸缪，黄金储备高—— 所以这2个做空逻辑都有瑕疵。为了对冲EM风险，我们选择了多东亚/空土耳其和拉美。和Druckenmiller的观点一样，我们从去年在EM相对看好东亚 —— 得益于疫情控制，尤其在科技，新能源处于优势。但他说的买东亚/空美国，我觉得还是过于激进。我们在18年就说过，美国一向在美元上短空长多，割EM韭菜。去年底，全世界都看空美元的时候，美元不跌，拥挤的空头们就该反省了。这也是为什么我们今年不那么看空美元，看空EM的原因之一。盲目长期看空美元，是危险的。为什么不看好商品超级周期商品超级周期？这个逻辑太荒谬。历史上的商品超级周期都伴随人类经济的繁荣。最近一次由于中国加入WTO和全球一体化，变成世界工厂，叠加中国的地产经济驱动的消费升级和财富效应。而中国推动上一轮2000-2007超级商品周期，有很多精密的条件或偶然性：文化：任劳任怨，勤劳致富，炫富，底层忍耐贫富差距能力强基建政府高效中国经济的反身性：地产/通胀/工作效率/财富效应/消费上次还有美国地产泡沫和金砖五国同时崛起的大背景我们至少在未来10-20年内看不到任何一个地区或国家可以复制中国模式：印度和非洲人认命，无欲无求，或懒惰的天性，欧美也都困扰于长期低成长，通缩和贫富差距扩大，低欲望；根本无法复制2000-2007的中国。而且，2008年之后，全球央行用放水来保持经济相对稳定，实际很大部分得益于商品的通缩。在没有新兴国家替代中国驱动的条件下，商品如果进入超级周期，我看只有全球恶性通胀背景下才有可能 —— 那么离战争也就不远了。另外，本轮商品上涨，主要由于石油和铜上涨，但石油涨价因为供给侧；铜，我们看到有类似GME的gamma squeeze，美股，A股，铜期货...的跨市从虚拟向实体操纵价格，做局的嫌疑。这2个品种的内在逻辑无法完成领导商品牛市。为什么不看好化工龙头去年，驱动国内商品牛市有很多偶然因素：2020商品上涨主要基于 —— 全球央行放水 x 中国复工/苏 x 订单流向中国 x 欧洲居家办公导致的买房和装修、家电需求 x 疫苗后复工强预期 —— 这些因素具备高度的偶然性，短期性，无法长期复制；长期上涨需要经济和消费需求实质性改善，我们目前没看到。化工龙头去年享受了低油价，和美国去年石化产能被疫情冲击。这两个因素在今年都不存在。尤其美国复工，对国内化工是利空，而不是利多。为什么港股有风险年后的港股行情实际还是恒生科技股驱动，主要是南下抱团的懒惰思维。重夺港股定价权，是善良的价值投资者的一厢情愿。那么，港股实际同时暴露在四大风险：反垄断茅指数联动通胀预期和美债利率上涨美元升值综上，2021年，无论美股，A股，港股，都和2018年非常相似。但鉴于现在的高层领导强大的纠错能力，而且早已提前预警，并且要经济维稳、金融维稳；2021，不太可能完全复制2018。Gamma Squeeze, 散户，SPAC，ARK, 网红基金Mizuho Securities is the latest to push this idea, with a survey suggesting that 10% of the $380 billion in stimulus windfalls will be invested in stocks and bitcoin. That, according to Wall Street, means that about $40 billion in extra money will “come into the stock market,” driving it higher. Recently Deutsche Bank estimated young individual investors were ready to pour $170 billion into the market. —— 摘自MarketWatch我们去年分析过，ARK去年业绩很大程度上，得益于①0利率和负利率盛行，导致资金对成长股和中小盘股的追捧；②疫情实际 = 大自然的供给侧改革，摧枯拉朽了受制于封城的旧经济 —— 对科技互联网是天上掉馅饼；③Tesla高度暴露，但Tesla表现实际大部分来源于逼空效果，和空头减仓有高度的正相关性 —— Tesla股票有一定的金融资产属性，某种程度上，它和Bitcoin很类似，都是资金抱团的结果。④中小盘暴露和低质量暴露：ARK持有大量中小盘股和资产负债表弱的股票。这其实得益于低利率催化了市场参与者的风险偏好，和散户羊群的偏好高度重叠。⑤AUM扩张+散户跟踪→反身效应：ARK由于今年的超群业绩，导致资金流入不断加速，形成了正反馈效果 —— 后入的资金推动持仓进入正反馈。另外，由于ARK的基金持仓透明公布，吸引了众多散户跟风，又加强了正反馈。年初，A股的网红基金其实也具备ARK的特征，实际大部分是类被动risk premia风格因子的被动投资，他们得益于央行放水的大beta，alpha含量并不高。而且散户的追涨网红基金，实际等同于散户在GME期权上long gamma，短期有大量的杠杆效应。他们实际不是价值投资，而是在和时间，和内在价值作对，想从未来攫取暴利，短期套现。ARK目前不断抛出大盘股，买入小盘股，作最后一搏。但是我们观测到:ARK的交易量明显下降，看涨期权市场已经显著萎缩 = 散户资产去gamma，去杠杆，缩水，Biden发完补助，我们并没观测到市场预期的散户大军的进场。本周，美债收益率下降，一线科技股大幅反弹，但gamma squeeze标的却出现暴跌现象（讽刺的是，A股的一线龙头 —— 茅指数在和美国抱团票 —— 垃圾股，二线科技股共振）昨晚，Yellen和Powell又双双谈到目前存在资产泡沫（US Treasury Sec. Yellen: Asset Valuations Are High By Historical Measures）。一场金融\"马陵道\"围剿的天时，地利，人和，也许都具备了。我们“慭慭然”，小心观测。西方传说上帝会在审判日那天赏善罚恶；我们并不预期2021一定是大熊市，但2021很可能是宏观层面均值回归的一年—— 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