加息“自损八百”，美联储账面巨亏2.2万亿元！

每日经济新闻2022-06-04

根据美联储最近披露的季报显示，截至今年一季度末，美联储持有的美债、抵押贷款支持证券（MBS）出现了3300亿美元的账面亏损（约合人民币22105亿元）。另根据相关文件，2022年一季度，持有近9万亿美元资产的美联储向美国财政部汇出了322亿美元的资金。路透社援引银行政策研究所（Bank Policy Institute）首席经济学家比尔·纳尔逊称，根据美联储截至去年年底的资产升值情况进行调整，该行...

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xiaochoochoo
2022-06-05
xiaochoochoo
[微笑]
SKEr
2022-06-04
SKEr
Tf
SKEr
2022-06-04
SKEr
Efg

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losses）甚至更大，达到4580亿美元。尽管美国经济正试图从新冠疫情中逐步复苏，《每日经济新闻》记者注意到，美联储不断继续购买资产的做法也受到外界批评。如今，美联储正在试图扭转其资产购买的趋势，缩减其资产负债表。需要指出的是，如果美联储通过出售其中一些资产来加快缩表过程，那么未变现亏损有可能变成实际亏损。根据美联储的一季报，按照公允价值计算，截至3月31日，美联储购买的2.77万亿美元的MBS市值已经降至2.606万亿美元。随着美联储不断加息，如今美国的抵押贷款利率不断攀升，并且随着市场利率不断上升，任何有息证券的亏损都在加剧。纽约联储在本周早些时候的一份报告中指出，由于市场预计美联储将继续加息（利率将继续上升），美联储的投资组合可能还会出现进一步的亏损。除了巨额的亏损外，美联储的一季报还透露出了一个问题：随着美联储提高短期利率，它将向银行支付更多的利息，以补偿银行在美联储的存款准备金，从而增加了开支。与此同时，随着美联储缩减资产负债表，其利息收益将下降，这或将导致美联储走向经营亏损。但纽约联储的官员在报告中称，无论如何，美联储都有能力为其操作提供资金和货币政策支持。但这可能意味着被政府官员密切关注的一项关键指将急剧下降：美联储汇入美国财政部的盈余。路透社报道称，在“量化宽松（QE）”时期，美联储汇给美国财政部的利润在去年达到了创纪录的1070亿美元，但随着美联储从QE转向如今的“量化紧缩（QT）”，其向财政部的汇款或将降至零。据悉，美联储可以通过在资产负债表上创建一个名为“递延资产”（deferred asset）的新条目来重新标记这些损失。在美联储再次出现盈余的年份，其将无需再把这些盈余交给财政部，直到它首先偿还完自身债务，再抹去这些“递延资产”。此外，有“最会炒股的央行”之称的瑞士央行也陷入巨亏漩涡之中。今年一季度，瑞士央行遭遇了历史最严重的亏损。据其披露的季度报告显示，该银行在2022年1月至3月期间，累计损失328亿瑞士法郎（人民币2294亿元)，这是该行自1907年成立以来遭遇的最严重季度亏损。报告称，市场利率上升是一季度业绩亏损的主要原因。利率上升导致贬值，总损失为251亿瑞士法郎。此外，由于利率上升以及俄乌冲突，股票和其他证券损失107亿瑞士法郎。曾任 Elliott 资产管理公司投资组合经理和瑞银债券策略师的 Meyrick Chapman 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