除了卖出比亚迪，巴菲特三季度还干了什么？

财经杂志2022-11-15

巴菲特的投资理念中有一个几乎不变的逻辑，那就是买入的股票除了股价具备增长潜力，还必须有良好的分红能力。文 | 张云巴菲特最新的持仓与调仓数据似乎正越来越超乎投资者的预期。2022年11月14日，巴菲特执掌的伯克希尔·哈撒韦公布了截至今年三季度末持仓数据——即13F文件，该公司在三季度出资41亿美元（约合288.81亿元人民币）买进了不久前遭遇“砍单”事件的台积电。这是伯克希尔·哈撒韦三季度买入最多...

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新条茜
2022-11-21
新条茜
減持比亞迪是因爲巴老師在別的股票虧慘了
Paggie
2022-11-16
Paggie
閱
CMLeong
2022-11-16
CMLeong
好
hhyw
2022-11-16
hhyw
好
百汇
2022-11-16
百汇
[思考]
霹雳倍倍22
2022-11-15
霹雳倍倍22
臺積電再被砍單也依舊是唯一的臺積電蘋果都不能沒有臺積電
- hhyw:
  好

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Capital。11月11日香港联合交易所公布的文件显示，伯克希尔·哈撒韦再度出售578万股比亚迪H股股份，套现金额约11.38亿港元。这是伯克希尔·哈撒韦年内的第四次有公开数据的比亚迪减持行为。根据减持均价粗略估算，今年该公司约减持了25.18亿港元（约合22.64亿元人民币）的比亚迪H股。以持股比例来算，伯克希尔·哈撒韦对比亚迪的持股已经从今年6月30日中报披露时的占H股总股本的20.49%，下降至如今的16.62%。比亚迪10月销售数据显示，该公司10月产量220107辆，同比增长147.23%，环比增长7.43%；销量217816辆，同比增长142.19%，环比增长8.23%，产销数据依然亮眼。同时比亚迪披露的投资者关系活动文件显示，进入11月后，该公司已经密集接待了十批机构投资者进行调研，频率较前几个月大幅增加。伯克希尔·哈撒韦披露的三季度持仓数据，引发市场投资者的关注，主要集中在两个方面：一是买入台积电的逻辑；二是减持比亚迪的逻辑。市场人士普遍认为，巴菲特购入台积电，相当于认同未来芯片在各行各业中的重要性。13F文件发布后的11月15日，叠加隔夜中美首脑会晤的利好，A股中的半导体公司开始发力，Wind（万得）半导体指数（886063.WI）全天上涨4.86%，成交金额达到825.77亿元。至于巴菲特为何减持比亚迪，和合首创（香港）执行董事陈达对《财经》记者表示，并不需要过度的解读，“估值高了就卖，也是多年的投资了，收益颇丰。”买入台积电，释放什么信号？台积电是今年争议相当大的一家上市公司。根据2021年数据，台积电前十大客户营收贡献中，苹果（APPL.US）公司占据绝对优势地位，该公司对台积电的营收贡献占比约为25.93%，第二大客户联发科占比只有5.80%。今年7月，外媒报道称台积电遭苹果、英伟达、AMD三大核心客户削减订单，其中，最大客户苹果削减了10%，AMD传闻削减了2万片7nm（纳米）及6nm晶圆。台积电对该消息不予置评，但当时其股价一夜下跌5.81%。11月初，又有消息称，由于3nm制程大客户临时取消订单，台积电大幅减少供应链订单，最多高达四五成，涵盖再生晶圆、关键耗材、设备等领域。台积电再次不回应该消息，只对外表示，3nm制程进度无改变。下游供应商方面则对外称，台积电的订单在三季度末确实有转弱。台积电并不是苹果产业链中唯一遭遇“砍单”的上市公司，歌尔股份（002241.SZ）同期也宣布了遭遇“砍单”，天风国际分析师郭明錤称，歌尔股份被砍的是高端无线耳机AirPods Pro2，停产比较可能源于生产问题，而非需求问题。高盛早前的一份研究报告显示，台积电在今年10月的分析师电话会议上，态度比此前的电话会议更为保守，“明确的说，台积电承认它看到了来自需求疲弱的影响。”在该电话会议上，台积电管理层表示将进一步把2022年的资本支出下降到360亿美元左右，此前外界一直认为台积电今年资本支出将保持在400亿美元。高盛认为，该资本支出削减计划比预期提前了，“此前我们预计削减计划在2023年”。悲观的情绪在产业链上下游弥漫，业内人士纷纷感叹这是半导体行业的艰难时刻，台积电股价也从今年1月的143.02美元高位一直下跌到最近的72.80美元附近，最低曾报59.43美元，截至11月14日数据，台积电从高位下跌了44.18%。以最低点计算，下跌幅度则有53.78%。在此情形下，巴菲特出手了。三季度中，伯克希尔·哈撒韦买入41亿美元、约6006万股的台积电。整个三季度，台积电股价下跌了26.61%，均价为83.25美元左右。这是巴菲特又一次大举买入科技股，不少人将其对台积电的投资与当初买入苹果的投资相提并论。一位伯克希尔·哈撒韦股东公开表示，该笔投资意味着伯克希尔·哈撒韦相信世界离不开台积电生产的产品。一位科技行业的分析师则对《财经》记者表示，该笔投资说明巴菲特在逆势布局苹果产业链的上游企业，“苹果是近年巴菲特最大手笔的科技投资，其丰厚的分红与回购给股东带来了巨大收益。在巴菲特的投资理念中有一个几乎不变的逻辑，那就是买入的股票除了股价具备增长潜力，还必须有良好的分红能力。”台积电是否与苹果一样具备良好的持续分红能力？Wind数据显示，近十年间，台积电在中国台湾地区的上市主体每年都有现金股利的分配，有时甚至会进行季度、半年度分红。台积电近三年在美股中的上市主体分红率为7.49%，苹果公司近十年分红率为16.94%。（台积电美股的分红数据）2022年巴菲特在致股东的信中曾经盛赞苹果的回购魔法，“对苹果的增持并没有花费伯克希尔的资金，而是苹果的回购起了作用。”但值得注意的是，台积电并不像苹果一样热衷于回购。今年10月，台积电管理层在三季度业绩发布后曾表示，台积电目前没有回购计划。减持比亚迪，浮盈近25倍除了逆势买入台积电，巴菲特近期另外一件颇受关注的投资行动则是持续减持比亚迪H股。根据香港联合交易所披露的数据，今年8月，巴菲特减持了133.10万股比亚迪H股，平均出售价格为277.1港元/股，约套现3.69亿港元；9月，减持了171.60万股，平均出售价格为262.72港元/股，约套现4.5亿港元；11月1日，减持了329.70万股，平均出售价格为169.87港元/股，约套现5.6亿港元；11月11日，减持了578.25万股，平均出售价格为196.99港元/股，约套现11.38亿港元。巴菲特持续减持背后是比亚迪亮眼的产销数据。天风证券表示，比亚迪10月新能源汽车产销量分别达22.01万辆和21.78万辆，延续9月超越20万辆的成绩，并双双创下历史新高。产销比约101.05%，产销数量接近，基本处于满销状态。在10月汽车市场需求减弱的背景下，比亚迪仍稳定住了优秀的产销增速。9月比亚迪新能源汽车动力电池及储能电池装机总量约为8.610GWh(千兆瓦时）。10月装机总量达10.188GWh，环比增长18%。2022年累计装机总量约为67.681GWh。各条战线产销数据一片大好，为何巴菲特依然持续减持？陈达认为，也许是估值合适，目前比亚迪的股价反映了比较乐观的预期，“价值投资也不是持有到永远”。国信证券一份汽车行业的研究报告显示，中信一级行业中的汽车行业整体PE（市盈率）为 42.74倍（截至11月11日），在所有中信一级行业中排第六，估值处于中上水平。纵向来看，汽车行业市盈率自 2021 年底以来经历大幅回调，从高位 55倍 以上的估值下修了约10%，目前已逐渐恢复至 2021 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