According to China's Special Equipment Safety Law and relevant regulations, the national special equipment safety status for 2025 is reported as follows.
**I. Basic Information on Special Equipment** **(1) Registered Equipment Quantity** By the end of 2025, the total number of special equipment nationwide reached 24.4169 million units. This includes 293,300 boilers, 6.0741 million pressure vessels, 12.3159 million elevators, 3.1642 million lifting machinery units, 1,184 passenger ropeways, 25,800 large amusement rides, and 2.5424 million specialized motor vehicles for industrial sites. Additionally, there were 315 million gas cylinders and 1.2946 million kilometers of registered pressure pipelines.
**(2) Production, Filling Units, and Certified Personnel** By the end of 2025, there were 77,442 enterprises engaged in the production and filling of special equipment, holding a total of 78,147 licenses. These included 2,583 design licenses, 16,029 manufacturing licenses, 33,423 installation, modification, and repair licenses, and 26,112 licenses for filling mobile pressure vessels and gas cylinders. Certified special equipment operators held 14.3495 million certificates.
**(3) Safety Supervision and Inspection Agencies** By the end of 2025, market regulatory departments at or above the county level had established 3,074 special equipment safety supervision agencies, including one at the national level, 32 at the provincial level, 470 at the municipal level, and 2,571 at the county level. The total number of special equipment safety supervision personnel reached 131,043. There were 5,341 special equipment inspection and testing agencies holding 5,787 certificates, including 656 comprehensive inspection agencies, 44 type testing agencies, 911 non-destructive testing agencies, 1,542 safety valve calibration agencies, 154 elevator inspection agencies, and 2,479 other agencies such as gas cylinder inspection units.
**II. Special Equipment Safety Status** **(1) Overall Incident Situation** In 2025, a total of 188 special equipment accidents, related incidents, and safety events were reported nationwide, resulting in 156 fatalities. No major or extraordinarily serious accidents occurred, indicating an overall stable safety situation.
**(2) Incident Characteristics** By equipment category: - Boilers: 2 related accidents (1 death), 3 safety events (1 death). - Pressure vessels: 4 accidents (7 deaths), 5 related incidents (9 deaths). - Gas cylinders: 2 related accidents (2 deaths), 2 safety events (no deaths). - Pressure pipelines: 1 related accident (1 death), 3 safety events (2 deaths). - Elevators: 11 accidents (4 deaths), 26 related incidents (35 deaths), 14 safety events (5 deaths). - Lifting machinery: 19 accidents (18 deaths), 17 related incidents (20 deaths), 4 safety events (1 death). - Specialized motor vehicles for industrial sites: 26 accidents (25 deaths), 25 related incidents (23 deaths), 5 safety events (1 death). - Passenger ropeways: 1 accident, 1 related incident, 3 safety events (no deaths). - Large amusement rides: 2 accidents (no deaths), 2 related incidents (1 death), 10 safety events (no deaths).
By occurrence phase: - 147 incidents (78.19%) occurred during usage. - 15 incidents (7.98%) during repair. - 11 incidents (5.85%) during installation and debugging. - 9 incidents (4.79%) during disassembly. - 2 incidents (1.06%) during maintenance. - 1 incident each (0.53%) during filling, rescue, modification, and inspection.
By accident type: - Pressure equipment accidents mainly involved explosions and deflagrations. - Mechanical and electrical equipment accidents primarily featured collisions, falls, crushing, and entrapment.
**(3) Primary Causes** Of the 87 concluded cases, analysis showed: - 87.36% resulted from improper use and management, including operational violations, incorrect procedures, unlicensed operation, and poor management. - 10.34% were caused by equipment defects, inadequate maintenance leading to safety component failure, or protection device malfunction.
**III. Safety Supervision Work in 2025** Throughout the year, authorities implemented national policies to strengthen supervision, promote development, and ensure safety.
**(1) Enhanced Hazard Management** - Continued a three-year campaign for fundamental safety improvements, inspecting 120,400 boilers and 43,600 chemical enterprises, with 46,700 issues rectified. - Conducted elevator safety inspections (132,000 units) and enforcement actions against industrial vehicle violations (5,140 cases). - Advanced gas safety inspections, handling 471 major urban gas pipeline cases and publicizing 1,959 typical enforcement examples. - Strengthened tourism-related equipment checks and emergency response to incidents including elevator accidents in Kunming, crane collapses in Qinhuangdao, and pressure vessel leaks in Dazhou.
**(2) Supporting Economic and Social Development** - Promoted large-scale equipment upgrades, supporting the renewal of 126,000 residential elevators with special national bonds. - Fostered green boiler development through a Global Environment Facility project, piloting 20 energy-saving technologies. - Strengthened international influence by reactivating the ISO Boiler and Pressure Vessel Technical Committee, advancing three international standards and one technical report, and signing safety agreements with Brazil, Kazakhstan, and Thailand.
**(3) Innovating Safety Governance** - Introduced a regulatory "sandbox" for special equipment, enabling the world’s first 650°C ultra-supercritical coal-fired boiler using high-temperature alloys. - Mandated 2.3179 million safety directors and 2.6498 million safety officers at enterprises, providing 3.3865 million training sessions. - Issued 163,700 safety supervision orders, suspended 123 businesses, sealed or seized over 9,200 devices, and initiated the first recalls of 53,461 elevators from five manufacturers.
**(4) Strengthening Regulatory Capacity** - Improved legal and standards systems, revising safety regulations and technical codes for industrial pipelines. - Advanced national special equipment safety infrastructure projects and enhanced inspection agency capabilities. - Updated personnel management rules, conducted professional reviews of inspection agencies, and promoted safety culture through events like National Special Equipment Safety Day and the first "Safety Cup" elevator maintenance competition. - Developed smart supervision systems to improve remote and penetrating oversight.
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