一只股票亏了200亿！全球最大“国家队”栽了

中国基金报2022-08-18

挪威政府全球养老基金8月17日发布半年度报告显示，2022年前6个月，基金亏损14.4%，亏损了16800亿挪威克朗，折合人民币1.17万亿元人民币。 “贡献最大”的是Meta（脸书），半年帮基金亏了380亿挪威克朗（约折合265亿元人民币）。基金“贡献”最大的10家公司上半年帮基金亏损最多的股票，来源：NBIM官网。挪威全球政府养老基金由挪威央行投资管理负责运营，是挪威的主权财富管理基金，基金中...

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The world's largest \"national team\" was planted","themeId":"","isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5419a3aea8a4ce58b643a99262d2b531","symbols_score_info":{},"content_text":"挪威政府全球养老基金8月17日发布半年度报告显示，2022年前6个月，基金亏损14.4%，亏损了16800亿挪威克朗，折合人民币1.17万亿元人民币。 “贡献最大”的是Meta（脸书），半年帮基金亏了380亿挪威克朗（约折合265亿元人民币）。基金“贡献”最大的10家公司上半年帮基金亏损最多的股票，来源：NBIM官网。挪威全球政府养老基金由挪威央行投资管理负责运营，是挪威的主权财富管理基金，基金中虽有“养老”字眼，但是基金并不承担通常意义上的养老支出，因此不能算是养老基金。由于基金起源于石油开采获得的收入也被成为石油基金（The Oil Fund）。挪威全球政府养老基金背后的运营机构挪威央行投资管理公司与加拿大养老基金投资公司CPPIB 被评价机构认为是全球最透明的大型机构投资者。不过，挪威全球政府养老基金在2022年上半年依然超越了参照基准1.14个百分点，参照基准是上报挪威财政部以作为基金表现的参照物。挪威央行投资管理CEO Nicolai Tangen说，上半年市场面临利率上升，高通胀和欧洲战争等问题。股票投资整体下跌了17%。科技类股票首当其中，下跌28%。除了能源之外，几乎所有行业股票都在下跌。能源行业上半年则上涨了13%。原油、天然气、精炼类等行业显著上涨，Tangen进一步指出。上半年行业股票表现，来源NBIM官网。同期，挪威克朗对几大主要货币贬值。因此，以挪威克朗计价的海外资产得以小幅升值，缓冲了基金挪威克朗计价的亏损幅度。股票投资前20大重仓股，来源NBIM。截至2022年6月底，挪威政府全球养老基金股票投资方面前20大重仓股为苹果、微软、Alphabet、亚马逊、雀巢、罗氏控股、台积电、壳牌、特斯拉、Meta、阿斯利康、诺和诺德、联合健康、诺华制药、阿斯麦尔、伯克希尔哈撒韦、强生、埃克森美孚、三星电子、英伟达。其中，基金对苹果一家公司的持股市值就高达2045亿挪威克朗（约折合1428亿元人民币）。2022年6月底基金规模为116570亿挪威克朗。来自挪威央行投资管理公司网站的信息显示，基金122601亿挪威克朗，基金已经从2季度末反弹。挪威政府全球养老基金68.5%的资产投资于股票、28.3%投资于固定收益、3%投资于未上市的房地产、0.1%投资于未上市的新能源基础设施,挪威政府全球养老基金也是大型机构投资者少数股票投资占比接近三分之二的机构。基金截至2季度末的大类资产配置情况，来源：NBIM.炮轰上市公司高管超高薪酬来源：FT据英国金融时报报道，挪威政府全球养老基金痛斥高管巨额薪酬。Nicolai Tangen在接受采访时表示，尤其不能容忍的是，业绩表现平庸，高管却拿着不可思议的薪酬的公司。他表示会对业绩表现不能匹配高管薪酬的公司、薪酬分配方案不透明或者薪酬设计缺乏长期考虑的公司下手。“我们正处于一个通胀的环境中。很多公司的业绩表现都相当平庸。这种情况下，高管薪酬却非常非常丰厚。企业（高管）前所未有地贪婪。这一定程度上摊薄了股东可获得的收益。平均而言，挪威政府全球养老基金几乎拥有全球所有上市公司1.5%的股（根据基金的市值和全球上市公司总市值的简单对照得出的结论”Tangen说。 基金在最新的股东投票中对IBM、英特尔、苹果投了反对票，理由包括IBM的高管长年的高收入和公司业绩表现不匹配。基金也对通用电器投了反对票，原因是高管薪酬设计过于复杂，缺乏透明性。二季度加码这些中国公司通过与操盘手合作，截至2022年6月底，挪威央行投资管理对中国内地公司股票投资占其总的股票投资比例约为4.5%。随着上市公司中报披露，我们也在8家上市公司的十大流通股东中发现了挪威中央银行的身影。截至目前，挪威央行出现在德业股份、宏发股份、生益科技、启明星辰、红旗连锁、丽珠集团、华东医药、北摩高科。目前已经披露的这8家公司中，挪威央行要么是新进成为十大流通股东，要么是在上一季的基础上，对公司进行了增持。其中，增持幅度较大的包括生益科技，上一季末持有852.99万股，增持了1426.61万股，增持幅度超过100%。挪威央行进入这些A股前十大流通股东名单来源：wind挪威政府全球养老基金截至2021年底前20大中国重仓股，来源：NBIM。根据2021年底的数据，挪威政府养老基金中国持仓的前10大重仓股为腾讯、阿里巴巴、美团、建设银行贵州茅台、工商银行、招商银行、中国平安、京东、药明生物技术。全球最大养老基金也亏损2022年超级复杂市场情况下，全球最大养老基金也陷入亏损。日本政府养老金投资基金也即全球最大的养老基金GPIF 2022年2季度（2022财年的1季度）现亏损。这也是GPIF过去两年来，表现最差的一个季度。来自中国证券投资基金业协会的一份研究报告显示，日本政府养老金投资基金（Government Pension Investment Fund，GPIF）于2006年成立，成为日本公共养老金的专门投资管理机构，将养老金缴费结余作为储备资产进行集中投资，以弥补未来的养老金收支缺口。来源：GPIF官网GPIF2022年2季度亏损了1.9%，亏损1878.57亿元。基金净值缩水之后，规模为193.01万亿日元（折合9.67万亿元人民币）。分不同的资产类别来看，组合中日本股票部分下跌了3.7%，海外股票部分下跌5.4%。二季度，日本国内债务资产下跌1.3%，海外债券同期收益2.7%。美元对日元升值是一部分原因，海外债券一部分是以美元计价的。GPIF的资产大概一半投资在海外。因为海外资产多以美元计价。美元相对日元升值缓和了资产缩水的幅度。GPIF总裁宫崎骏（ Masataka Miyazono）表示，伴随主要经济体的通胀进程，随着主要央行开始收紧，全球主要股票指数下跌。4月至6月期间，MSCI 全部国家世界指数和标普500指数均下跌16%。东证股价指数Topix 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