According to the National Bureau of Statistics' Statistical Communique on National Economic and Social Development in 2025, released on February 28, China's per capita GDP reached 99,665 yuan, representing a 5.1% increase compared to the previous year. Converted using the annual average exchange rate, this amounted to $13,953, marking the third consecutive year it has exceeded $13,000. The steady improvement in per capita GDP is attributed to the driving force of technological innovation, the accelerated construction of a modern industrial system, and the vigorous development of new quality productive forces.
Preliminary calculations indicate the annual gross domestic product (GDP) reached 140.1879 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.0%. The value-added of the primary industry was 9.3347 trillion yuan, up 3.9%; the secondary industry reached 49.9653 trillion yuan, up 4.5%; and the tertiary industry amounted to 80.8879 trillion yuan, up 5.4%. The primary industry accounted for 6.7% of GDP, the secondary industry for 35.6%, and the tertiary industry for 57.7%. Final consumption expenditure contributed 2.6 percentage points to GDP growth, total capital formation contributed 0.8 percentage points, and net exports of goods and services contributed 1.6 percentage points.
Quarterly analysis shows GDP grew 5.4% year-on-year in Q1, 5.2% in Q2, 4.8% in Q3, and 4.5% in Q4. The gross national income was 139.3700 trillion yuan, a 5.1% increase. The overall labor productivity was 184,413 yuan per person, an improvement of 6.1%. The national population at year-end was 1.40489 billion, a decrease of 3.39 million from the end of the previous year, including an urban resident population of 953.80 million. The annual number of births was 7.92 million, with a birth rate of 5.63‰; deaths were 11.31 million, with a death rate of 8.04‰; resulting in a natural growth rate of -2.41‰.
Employment stood at 725.04 million at year-end, with urban employment at 475.35 million, accounting for 65.6% of the national total. A total of 12.67 million new urban jobs were created, 110,000 more than the previous year. The average surveyed urban unemployment rate for the year was 5.2%, ending the year at 5.1%. The total number of migrant workers reached 301.15 million, up 0.5%, with outbound migrant workers at 180.06 million (up 0.8%) and local migrant workers at 121.09 million (up 0.1%).
Resident consumer prices remained flat compared to the previous year. The ex-factory price of industrial producers fell by 2.6%, while the purchasing price for industrial producers fell by 3.0%. The producer price of agricultural products fell by 3.7%. In December, among 70 large and medium-sized cities, 6 saw month-on-month increases in new commercial housing sales prices, 6 were flat, and 58 saw decreases; all 70 cities saw month-on-month decreases in second-hand housing sales prices. Year-on-year, 5 cities saw increases in new commercial housing prices, while 65 saw decreases; all 70 cities saw year-on-year decreases in second-hand housing prices.
Foreign exchange reserves at year-end were $3.3579 trillion, an increase of $155.5 billion from the end of the previous year. The average annual exchange rate was 7.1429 yuan per US dollar, a depreciation of 0.3%.
New quality productive forces grew steadily. In large-scale industries, value-added of equipment manufacturing grew by 9.2%, accounting for 36.8% of the total; profits of equipment manufacturing enterprises grew by 7.7%. High-tech manufacturing value-added grew by 9.4%, accounting for 17.1%; profits of high-tech manufacturing enterprises grew by 13.3%. Value-added of digital product manufacturing grew by 9.3%, accounting for 12.5%. Output of service robots reached 18.581 million units, up 16.1%; mobile communication base station equipment output was 5.364 million RF modules, up 13.5%; server output was 5.970 million units, up 12.6%. Among large-scale service enterprises, operating revenue of strategic emerging service enterprises grew by 9.3%, and high-tech service enterprises grew by 7.9%. E-commerce transaction volume reached 46.7339 trillion yuan, up 2.5%. Online retail sales reached 15.9722 trillion yuan, up 8.6%. Investment in equipment and tools purchases grew by 11.8%. A total of 25.74 million new business entities were established, averaging 26,000 new enterprises per day.
The permanent resident urbanization rate reached 67.89% at year-end, up 0.89 percentage points. Regionally, the eastern region's GDP was 73.0876 trillion yuan (up 5.0%), the central region 29.9108 trillion yuan (up 5.2%), the western region 29.8750 trillion yuan (up 5.1%), and the northeast region 6.5035 trillion yuan (up 4.1%). The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region's GDP was 11.9918 trillion yuan (up 5.4%), the Yangtze River Economic Belt 65.8336 trillion yuan (up 5.2%), and the Yangtze River Delta 34.6595 trillion yuan (up 5.4%). Progress was made in major regional strategies.
Carbon dioxide emissions per 10,000 yuan of GDP fell by approximately 5.0%. Electricity generation from clean energy sources surged by 14.4%. New energy vehicle output reached 16.524 million units, up 25.1%, with year-end ownership reaching 43.97 million vehicles, an increase of 12.57 million. Among 339 cities monitored, 72.6% met air quality standards. Water quality was excellent (Grade I-III) at 91.4% of monitored sections.
Grain output reached 714.88 million tons, an increase of 8.38 million tons or 1.2%. Output of pork, beef, mutton, and poultry reached 100.72 million tons, up 4.2%. Total output of aquatic products was 76.57 million tons, up 4.1%.
The total value-added of industry reached 41.6826 trillion yuan, up 5.8%, with large-scale industrial value-added up 5.9%. Profits of large-scale industrial enterprises reached 7.3982 trillion yuan, up 0.6%.
The total retail sales of consumer goods reached 50.1202 trillion yuan, up 3.7%. Online retail sales of physical goods reached 13.0923 trillion yuan, up 5.2%, accounting for 26.1% of total retail sales.
Total fixed asset investment for the whole society was 49.1109 trillion yuan, down 3.9%. Investment in real estate development was 8.2788 trillion yuan, down 17.2%.
The total value of goods imports and exports was 45.4685 trillion yuan, up 3.8%, with a trade surplus of 8.5094 trillion yuan. Imports and exports with Belt and Road partner countries reached 23.6018 trillion yuan, up 6.3%. The total value of service imports and exports was 8.0823 trillion yuan, up 7.4%. The number of newly established foreign-invested enterprises was 70,392, up 19.1%, while actual utilized foreign capital was 747.7 billion yuan, down 9.5%.
National general public budget revenue was 21.6045 trillion yuan, down 1.7%, with tax revenue at 17.6363 trillion yuan, up 0.8%. Expenditure was 28.7395 trillion yuan, up 1.0%. The broad money supply (M2) balance at year-end was 340.3 trillion yuan, up 8.5% from the end of the previous year.
The per capita disposable income of national residents was 43,377 yuan, a nominal increase of 5.0% and a real increase of 5.0% after adjusting for inflation. Per capita consumption expenditure was 29,476 yuan, a nominal increase of 4.4% and a real increase of 4.4%.
R&D spending reached 3.9262 trillion yuan, up 8.1%, accounting for 2.80% of GDP. A total of 92 space launches were conducted. Significant achievements were made in various scientific and technological fields.
Domestic tourist trips reached 6.52 billion, up 16.2%. The number of inbound visitors was 154.50 million, up 17.1%.
At year-end, there were 1.107 million medical and health institutions. The number of sports venues reached 5.004 million.
The annual energy consumption totaled 6.17 billion tons of standard coal, up 3.5%. The proportion of coal consumption fell to 51.4%, while clean energy consumption rose to 30.4%. Energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP decreased by approximately 5.1%.
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