Press Release: Ginkgo Bioworks Reports First Quarter 2026 Financial Results, Completes Divestiture of Biosecurity and Continues to Scale Autonomous Lab

Dow Jones05-08

Ginkgo provides an update on its first quarter financial results following the divestiture of its Biosecurity business

BOSTON, May 7, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: DNA, "Ginkgo") today announced its results for the first quarter of 2026 that ended March 31, 2026. The update, including a webcast slide presentation with additional details on the first quarter, as well as supplemental financial information, will be available at investors.ginkgobioworks.com.

First Quarter 2026 Financial Results

   -- As previously announced, Ginkgo completed the divestiture of its 
      Biosecurity business on April 3, 2026 and is presenting the financial 
      results of operations for the former business within discontinued 
      operations.  Accordingly, Ginkgo's previously reported financial results 
      for comparable periods have been retrospectively recast to conform to 
      this presentation and reflect Ginkgo as a single reporting segment. 
 
   -- First quarter 2026 Revenue of $19 million compared to $38 million in the 
      comparable prior year period, a decrease of 49%. As previously reported, 
      the first quarter of 2025 benefited from $7 million of non-cash revenue 
      from previously announced release of deferred revenue relating to the 
      mutual termination of a customer agreement. Excluding this non-cash 
      deferred revenue release, first quarter 2026 Revenue of $19 million, down 
      from $31 million in the comparable prior year period, a decrease of 37%. 
      The decrease in revenue is primarily attributed to ongoing program 
      rationalization as part of our restructuring activities. 
 
   -- First quarter 2026 GAAP net loss from continuing operations of $(76) 
      million, compared to $(83) million in the comparable prior year period. 
 
   -- First quarter 2026 Adjusted EBITDA of $(42) million, down from $(44) 
      million in the comparable prior year period. 
 
   -- Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balance as of March 31, 
      2026 of $373 million. 

"We believe autonomous labs will replace the lab bench more quickly than people think," said Jason Kelly, Co-founder and CEO of Ginkgo Bioworks. "Nebula is already the world's largest autonomous lab with the ability to run real customer science around the clock and we're targeting to double its size this year. We see a large market that remains overwhelmingly manual today, and every experiment our Solutions, Datapoints, and Cloud Lab businesses run on Nebula generates revenue today while making the platform better for tomorrow. Ginkgo is singularly focused on leading the transition from the lab bench to autonomous research infrastructure that runs 24/7 and integrates directly with the AI models transforming drug discovery and industrial biotechnology."

Recent Business Highlights & Strategic Positioning

   -- We believe that autonomous labs will replace the bench. 
 
          -- The return on investment of the autonomous lab is clear for 
             customers, with millions of square feet and tens of billions per 
             year being spent on work happening at the lab bench 
 
          -- The autonomous lab is a machine that can run 24/7 and can be 
             seamlessly integrated into emerging AI models 
 
   -- Nebula, our autonomous lab, is showing what is possible at the bleeding 
      edge. 
 
          -- Nebula is the world's largest autonomous lab and in 2026 we are 
             aiming to double its size 
 
          -- Recent coverage positions Ginkgo at the frontier of scientific 
             innovation in the scientific (Nature), trade (R&D World), 
             mainstream (Forbes, The Washington Post), and tech press 
             (Sequoia's Training Data, TBPN) 
 
          -- Policymakers and heads of R&D visit for our internal 
             demonstrations. During SLAS 2026, over 500 visitors came to tour 
             Nebula 
 
   -- Cloud Lab, Datapoints, and Solutions are our version of Starlink. 
 
          -- They both create revenue and speed the development of the 
             autonomous lab 
 
          -- We are seeing traction with our Cloud Lab from partners such as 
             ProQR and Amazon, who included us as an integrated wet lab partner 
             on their Amazon Bio Discovery platform 

Full Year 2026 Outlook

   -- Ginkgo reaffirms expected total cash burn of $(150)-$(125) million in 
      2026. 

Conference Call Details

Ginkgo will host a videoconference today, Thursday, May 7, beginning at 4:30 p.m. ET. The presentation will include an overview of the first quarter 2026, recent business updates, a discussion on Ginkgo's outlook, as well as a moderated question and answer session.

To ask a question ahead of the presentation, please submit your questions to @Ginkgo on X (hashtag #GinkgoResults) or by sending an e-mail to investors@ginkgobioworks.com.

A webcast link is available on Ginkgo's Investor Relations website and a replay will be made available following the presentation.

Ginkgo Investor Website: https://investors.ginkgobioworks.com/events/

Audio-Only Dial Ins:

+1 646 876 9923 (New York - ET)

+1 301 715 8592 (Washington DC - ET)

+1 305 224 1968 (Miami - ET)

+1 689 278 1000 (Orlando - ET)

+1 312 626 6799 (Chicago - CT)

+1 507 473 4847 (Minnesota - CT)

+1 346 248 7799 (Houston - CT)

+1 719 359 4580 (Colorado - MT)

+1 408 638 0968 (San Jose - PT)

+1 564 217 2000 (Seattle - PT)

Webinar ID: 931 5925 7666

If you experience technical difficulties with any of these dial-ins or if you need international dial-in numbers, please visit our website at https://investors.ginkgobioworks.com/events/ for updated dial-in information.

About Ginkgo Bioworks

Ginkgo Bioworks builds the tools that make biology easier to engineer for everyone. The company offers autonomous laboratories that replace manual laboratory work with robotics in the lab, greatly improving the productivity of scientists. Ginkgo's in-house autonomous lab is also available as a "Cloud Lab" through our Datapoints and Solutions contract research services. For more information, visit ginkgobioworks.com, read our blog, or follow us on social media channels such as X (@Ginkgo), Instagram (@GinkgoBioworks), Threads (@GinkgoBioworks), or LinkedIn.

Forward-Looking Statements of Ginkgo Bioworks

This press release, the presentation, and the conference call and webcast contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including statements regarding our plans, including with respect to technology adaptations to meet our customers' needs and the integration of our autonomous lab platform with third-party artificial intelligence models, strategies, including with respect to our current expectations, operations and anticipated results of operations, both business and financial, including the timing for attaining Adjusted EBITDA breakeven, potential customer success, including successful application of our offerings by our customers, expected benefits from our strategic partnerships and collaborations (including with named partners such as ProQR and Amazon), the anticipated growth, scaling, capacity, capabilities and competitive position of our autonomous lab (including Nebula) and of our Cloud Lab, Datapoints and Solutions offerings, our beliefs and estimates regarding the size, composition, growth and pace of adoption of the market for autonomous laboratory and related services (including the displacement of manual laboratory work), expectations regarding the development, performance and future enhancements of our platform, and expectations with regard to revenue, including our ability to meet all milestones and achieve the maximum revenue available under certain of our customer arrangements, expenses, our full year 2026 outlook including the total cash burn guidance, and the market environment, all of which are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, market trends, or industry results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words "believe," "can," "project," "potential," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "intend," "strategy," "future," "opportunity," "plan," "may," "should," "will," "would," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," "target," "goal," "aim," "design," "forecast," "outlook," "guidance," "seek" "position," and similar expressions, as well as the negatives of such terms. Forward-looking statements are predictions, projections and other statements about future events that are based on current expectations and assumptions and, as a result, are subject to risks and uncertainties. Many factors could cause actual future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this document, including but not limited to: (i) our ability to realize near-term and long-term cost savings associated with our site consolidation plans, including the ability to terminate leases or find sub-lease tenants for unused facilities, (ii) volatility in the price of Ginkgo's securities due to a variety of factors, including changes in the competitive and highly regulated industries in which Ginkgo operates and plans to operate, variations in performance across competitors, and changes in laws and regulations affecting Ginkgo's business, (iii) the ability to implement business plans, forecasts, and other expectations, and to identify and realize additional business opportunities, including with respect to our solutions and tools offerings, (iv) the risk of downturns in demand for products using synthetic biology, (v) the uncertainty regarding the demand for passive monitoring programs and biosecurity services, (vi) changes to the biosecurity industry, including due to advancements in technology, emerging competition and evolution in industry demands, standards and

regulations, (vii) the outcome of any pending or potential legal proceedings against Ginkgo, (viii) our ability to realize the expected benefits from and the success of our platform programs and assets, (ix) our ability to successfully develop engineered cells, bioprocesses, data packages or other deliverables, (x) the product development, production or manufacturing success of our customers, (xi) our exposure to the volatility and liquidity risks inherent in holding equity interests in other operating companies and other non-cash consideration we may receive for our services, (xii) the potential negative impact on our business of our restructuring or the failure to realize the anticipated savings associated therewith, (xiii) the uncertainty regarding government budgetary priorities and funding allocated to government agencies, including potential adverse effects from the U.S. government shutdown, (xiv) our ability to scale, expand the capacity of, and continue to develop the capabilities of our autonomous lab (including Nebula) on the timelines and to the extent we anticipate, (xv) the pace and degree to which autonomous laboratory infrastructure is adopted by, and displaces manual laboratory work in, the broader life sciences and industrial biotechnology markets, (xvi) the actual size, composition and growth of the addressable markets we target, which may differ materially from our estimates, (xvii) our ability to integrate our autonomous lab platform with third-party artificial intelligence models and other technologies, and the rate of development and adoption of such technologies, and (xviii) our ability to maintain and expand strategic partnerships and customer relationships, including those with named partners referenced in this release. The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties described in the "Risk Factors" section of Ginkgo's annual report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on February 26, 2026 and other documents filed by Ginkgo from time to time with the SEC. These filings identify and address other important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and Ginkgo assumes no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Ginkgo does not give any assurance that it will achieve its expectations.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Certain of the financial measures included in this release, including Adjusted EBITDA, cash flow and cash burn, have not been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), and constitute "non-GAAP financial measures" as defined by the SEC. Ginkgo has included these non-GAAP financial measures because it believes they provide an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating Ginkgo's financial performance and prospects. Due to the nature and/or size of the items being excluded, such items do not reflect future gains, losses, expenses or benefits and are not indicative of our future operating performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are supplemental to, and should not be considered in isolation from, or as an alternative to, financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures may differ from non-GAAP financial measures with comparable names used by other companies. See the reconciliation below for additional information regarding certain of the non-GAAP financial measures included in this release, including a description of these non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation of the historic measures to Ginkgo's most comparable GAAP financial measures. Ginkgo does not reconcile its forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures to the corresponding GAAP measures, due to variability and difficulty in making accurate forecasts and projections and/or certain information not being ascertainable or accessible; and because not all of the information, such as unrealized equity gains and losses necessary for a quantitative reconciliation of these forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, can be predicted with reasonable accuracy and is available to Ginkgo without unreasonable efforts. For the same reasons, Ginkgo is unable to address the probable significance of the unavailable information. Ginkgo provides non-GAAP financial measures that it believes will be achieved, however it cannot accurately predict all of the components of the adjusted calculations and the GAAP measures may be materially different than the non-GAAP measures.

Ginkgo Bioworks Contacts:

INVESTOR CONTACT:

investors@ginkgobioworks.com

MEDIA CONTACT:

press@ginkgobioworks.com

 
                       Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. 
                    Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets 
                                 (unaudited) 
                      (in thousands, except share data) 
 
                                   As of March 31,      As of December 31, 
                                         2026                   2025 
                                ---------------------  --------------------- 
Assets 
Current assets: 
Cash and cash equivalents       $             143,864  $             167,202 
Marketable securities                         229,592                255,418 
Accounts receivable, net                       19,815                 24,026 
Accounts receivable - related 
 parties                                          454                    229 
Prepaid expenses and other 
 current assets                                16,230                 24,963 
                                ---------------------  --------------------- 
Total current assets                          409,955                471,838 
Property, plant and equipment, 
 net                                          163,020                167,371 
Operating lease right-of-use 
 assets                                       353,804                360,918 
Investments                                    14,703                 15,066 
Intangible assets, net                         48,860                 53,482 
Other non-current assets                       39,522                 47,167 
Assets held for sale                            3,211                  3,854 
                                ---------------------  --------------------- 
Total assets                    $           1,033,075  $           1,119,696 
                                =====================  ===================== 
Liabilities and Stockholders' 
Equity 
Current liabilities: 
Accounts payable                $              16,309  $              10,566 
Deferred revenue (includes $98 
 and $98 from related 
 parties)                                      14,910                 18,946 
Accrued expenses and other 
 current liabilities                           48,376                 66,458 
                                ---------------------  --------------------- 
Total current liabilities                      79,595                 95,970 
Non-current liabilities: 
Deferred revenue, net of 
 current portion (includes 
 $64,810 and $64,787 from 
 related parties)                              77,895                 75,182 
Operating lease liabilities, 
 non-current                                  410,700                417,078 
Other non-current liabilities                  21,732                 22,876 
                                ---------------------  --------------------- 
Total liabilities                             589,922                611,106 
                                ---------------------  --------------------- 
Commitments and contingencies 
(Note 10) 
Stockholders' equity: 
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par 
value; 200,000,000 shares 
authorized; none issued                            --                     -- 
Common stock, $0.0001 par 
 value (Note 8)                                     6                      6 
Additional paid-in capital                  6,674,860              6,657,053 
Accumulated deficit                       (6,232,907)            (6,150,320) 
Accumulated other 
 comprehensive income                           1,194                  1,851 
                                ---------------------  --------------------- 
Total stockholders' equity                    443,153                508,590 
                                ---------------------  --------------------- 
Total liabilities and 
 stockholders' equity           $           1,033,075  $           1,119,696 
                                =====================  ===================== 
 
 
                       Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. 
   Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss 
                                 (unaudited) 
                      (in thousands, except share data) 
 
                                               Three Months Ended March 
                                                          31, 
                                          ---------------------------------- 
                                                2026              2025 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Revenue (1)                                $        19,474   $        38,230 
 
Costs and operating expenses: 
Cost of other revenue                                3,098             4,090 
Research and development                            49,920            70,923 
General and administrative                          37,830            39,723 
Restructuring charges                                   --             4,466 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Total operating expenses                            90,848           119,202 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Loss from operations                              (71,374)          (80,972) 
Other income (expense): 
 Interest income, net                                3,596             6,081 
 Loss on investments                               (1,214)           (3,693) 
 Other expense, net                                (7,147)           (4,638) 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Total other expense                                (4,765)           (2,250) 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Loss from continuing operations before 
 income taxes                                     (76,139)          (83,222) 
Income tax (benefit) expense                          (80)                88 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Net loss from continuing operations       $       (76,059)  $       (83,310) 
Net loss from discontinued operations, 
 net of tax                                        (6,528)           (7,647) 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Net loss                                  $       (82,587)  $       (90,957) 
                                          ================  ================ 
Net loss per share: 
 Basic from continuing operations            $      (1.28)     $      (1.54) 
 Basic from discontinued operations                 (0.11)            (0.14) 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
 Basic                                       $      (1.39)     $      (1.68) 
                                          ================  ================ 
Weighted average common shares 
outstanding: 
 Basic                                          59,563,454        54,241,619 
Comprehensive loss: 
 Net loss                                         (82,587)          (90,957) 
Other comprehensive (loss) income: 
 Foreign currency translation adjustment             (579)               849 
 Unrealized gains (loss) on 
  available-for-sale securities                       (78)               107 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Total other comprehensive (loss) income              (657)               956 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Comprehensive loss                        $       (83,244)  $       (90,001) 
                                          ================  ================ 
 
 
 
(1) includes related party revenue of zero and $8,098 for the three months 
ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. 
 
 
                       Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. 
               Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
                                 (unaudited) 
                               (in thousands) 
 
                                             Three Months Ended March 31, 
                                          ---------------------------------- 
                                                2026              2025 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Cash flows from operating activities: 
Net loss from continuing operations       $       (76,059)  $       (83,310) 
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net 
cash used in operating activities: 
Depreciation and amortization                       12,799            14,822 
Stock-based compensation                            15,853            17,386 
Loss on investments                                  1,214             3,693 
Change in fair value of notes receivable             6,759             5,285 
Change in fair value of contingent 
 consideration                                          --           (1,302) 
Non-cash lease expense                               7,114             7,379 
Accretion of discount on marketable 
securities                                           (120)                -- 
Other non-cash activity                                185               149 
Changes in operating assets and 
liabilities: 
 Accounts receivable                                 (242)             (667) 
 Prepaid expenses and other current 
  assets                                             5,930             (581) 
 Operating lease right-of-use assets                    --             3,675 
 Other non-current assets                               94             (167) 
 Accounts payable, accrued expenses and 
  other current liabilities                       (11,601)             8,869 
 Deferred revenue, current and 
  non-current (includes zero and 
  $(7,878) from related parties)                   (2,606)          (13,190) 
 Operating lease liabilities, current 
  and non-current                                  (4,995)           (4,790) 
 Other non-current liabilities                       (758)                -- 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Net cash used in operating activities - 
 continuing operations                            (46,433)          (42,749) 
Net cash used in operating activities - 
 discontinued operations                             (253)           (8,772) 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Net cash used in operating activities             (46,686)          (51,521) 
Cash flows from investing activities: 
Purchases of marketable debt securities           (83,161)         (191,182) 
Maturities of marketable debt securities           108,178                -- 
Purchases of property and equipment                (1,933)           (7,622) 
Other                                                   48               120 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing 
 activities                                         23,132         (198,684) 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Cash flows from financing activities: 
Principal payments on finance leases                  (19)             (207) 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Net cash used in financing activities                 (19)             (207) 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash 
 and cash equivalents                                (129)                74 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents 
 and restricted cash                              (23,702)         (250,338) 
 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of 
 period                                            167,202           561,572 
Restricted cash, beginning of period                45,169            44,171 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted 
 cash, beginning of period                         212,371           605,743 
 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period           143,864           312,420 
Restricted cash, end of period                      44,805            42,985 
                                          ----------------  ---------------- 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted 
 cash, end of period                       $       188,669   $       355,405 
                                          ================  ================ 
 

The following table presents summary results of the Company's reportable segment, including significant expenses, and a reconciliation to loss from continuing operations before income taxes (in thousands):

 
                                              Three Months Ended March 31, 
                                            -------------------------------- 
                                                 2026             2025 
                                            ---------------  --------------- 
Revenue                                     $        19,474  $        38,230 
Costs and operating expenses: 
  Cost of other revenue (1)                           2,672            3,121 
  Research and development (1)                       30,105           48,670 
  General and administrative (1)                     12,723           19,654 
Stock-based compensation (2)                         16,708           17,713 
Depreciation and amortization                        12,799           14,822 
Restructuring charges (3)                                --            4,466 
Carrying cost of excess space (net of 
 sublease income) (4)                                15,842           11,674 
Merger and acquisition related expense 
 (income) (5)                                            --            (918) 
Other (income) expense, net (6)                       4,764            2,250 
                                            ---------------  --------------- 
Loss from continuing operations before 
 income taxes                               $      (76,139)  $      (83,222) 
                                            ===============  =============== 
 
 
 
(1)  The costs and operating expenses exclude expenses which are separately 
     captioned below. 
(2)  Includes $0.9 million and $0.4 million in employer payroll taxes for 
     three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. 
(3)  See Note 3, Restructuring, for composition of costs. 
(4)  The carrying cost of excess space includes base rent, common area 
     maintenance charges, and real estate taxes associated with facilities the 
     Company is not occupying, net of any sublease income from these spaces. 
(5)  Represents transaction and integration costs directly related to mergers 
     and acquisitions, including: (i) legal, consulting, and accounting fees 
     associated with acquisitions; (ii) post-acquisition employee retention 
     bonuses; (iii) (gain)/loss from changes in the fair value of contingent 
     consideration liabilities resulting from acquisitions; and (iv) 
     securities litigation costs. 
(6)  Includes interest income, interest expense, loss on investments, changes 
     in fair value of certain assets and liabilities, and other gains and 
     losses. 
 
 
 
                                              Three Months Ended March 31, 
                                            -------------------------------- 
(in thousands)                                   2026             2025 
                                            ---------------  --------------- 
Net loss from continuing operations (1)     $      (76,059)  $      (83,310) 
Interest income, net                                (3,596)          (6,081) 
Income tax (benefit) expense                           (80)               88 
Depreciation and amortization                        12,799           14,822 
                                            ---------------  --------------- 
EBITDA                                             (66,936)         (74,481) 
Stock-based compensation (2)                         16,708           17,713 
Restructuring charges (3)                                --            4,466 
Merger and acquisition related (income) 
 expense (4)                                             --            (918) 
Loss (gain) on investments                            1,214            3,693 
Change in fair value of notes receivable              6,759            5,285 
                                            ---------------  --------------- 
Adjusted EBITDA                             $      (42,255)  $      (44,242) 
                                            ===============  =============== 
 
 
 
(1)  All periods include non-cash revenue when earned, including $7.5 million 
     recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2025, pursuant to the 
     release of deferred revenue related to the mutual termination of a 
     customer agreement. 
(2)  Includes $0.9 million and $0.4 million in employer payroll taxes for the 
     three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. 
(3)  Restructuring charges primarily consist of employee termination costs 
     from the reduction in force commenced in June 2024. 
(4)  Represents transaction and integration costs directly related to mergers 
     and acquisitions, including: (i) legal, consulting, and accounting fees 
     associated with acquisitions; (ii) post-acquisition employee retention 
     bonuses; (iii) (gain)/loss from changes in the fair value of contingent 
     consideration liabilities resulting from acquisitions; and (iv) 
     securities litigation costs. Not included in this adjustment are acquired 
     in-process research and development expenses, which totaled zero for both 
     the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. 
 

View original content to download multimedia:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ginkgo-bioworks-reports-first-quarter-2026-financial-results-completes-divestiture-of-biosecurity-and-continues-to-scale-autonomous-lab-302766171.html

SOURCE Ginkgo Bioworks

 

(END) Dow Jones Newswires

May 07, 2026 16:05 ET (20:05 GMT)

At the request of the copyright holder, you need to log in to view this content

Disclaimer: Investing carries risk. This is not financial advice. The above content should not be regarded as an offer, recommendation, or solicitation on acquiring or disposing of any financial products, any associated discussions, comments, or posts by author or other users should not be considered as such either. It is solely for general information purpose only, which does not consider your own investment objectives, financial situations or needs. TTM assumes no responsibility or warranty for the accuracy and completeness of the information, investors should do their own research and may seek professional advice before investing.

Comments

We need your insight to fill this gap
Leave a comment