What are U.S. Treasury Bonds?
U.S. Treasury bonds, commonly known as Treasuries, are essentially a loan to the U.S. government. Investors lend money to the government, earning fixed interest payments (coupons) and potentially profiting by trading them in the secondary market.
How are Treasury prices and yields determined?
While the face value of a bond is fixed, its purchase price fluctuates based on factors like time to maturity, coupon rate, and market expectations. For example, a bond with a face value of $1,000 might sell for $800 or $900 depending on these factors. If you hold the bond to maturity, your yield is essentially locked in. However, if you sell before maturity, market conditions impact your return: when interest rates fall, bond prices typically rise, resulting in higher returns; when rates rise, prices drop, potentially leading to lower returns or even losses.
The chart below shows the annualized yield to maturity for a single Treasury bond (excluding fees).
Source: Tiger Trade App
What about U.S. Treasury ETFs?
Unlike holding individual bonds, investing in Treasury ETFs means you don’t get the fixed coupon payments. Instead, your returns depend on price fluctuations in the bond market. For instance, the chart below shows the performance of the 10-20 year U.S. Treasury ETF (TLH), which dropped sharply during recent rate hikes and is currently at a historical low over the past decade. As rates decline, prices are expected to rise again.
Dividend tax? Withholding tax will be fully refunded!
U.S. Treasury bond ETFs typically pay continuous dividends, which are treated as dividends and subject to withholding tax. The tax rate varies by country. However, unlike stock dividends, the withholding tax on U.S. Treasury bond ETFs will be refunded between February and April of the following year. You can view the refunded dividend tax in the Tiger Trade app.
Therefore, if you want to secure a long-term fixed income of over 4%, directly purchasing U.S. Treasury bonds is the best option. However, if you’re optimistic about the performance of U.S. Treasury bonds and can tolerate some volatility, buying TLH or TLT offers a relatively higher risk-reward ratio.
Of course, if you’re willing to take on more risk, U.S. Treasury futures offer lower transaction costs and higher leverage.
Download the Tiger Trade app to open an account and access U.S. Treasuries, ETFs, and Treasury-related futures all in one place.
$iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF(TLH)$ $iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF(TLT)$
Disclaimer
Not financial advice. Investment involves risk. The price of investment instruments can and do fluctuate, and any individual instrument may experience upward or downward movements, and under certain circumstances may even become valueless. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.
This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
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