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星星太阳
2022-09-28
[微笑]
Opinion | How far will the pound's decline go
星星太阳
2022-07-01
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Catalyzed by this incident, British assets were sold off in an all-round way (British Treasury Bond, stocks and pound all fell sharply). On September 26th, in early trading in Asia, affected by the finance minister's comment on tax reduction policy last weekend [1], the pound once flashed to a record low of 1.0350 (which also made the cumulative decline of about 8% on 23rd and 26th reach the highest level since Brexit in 2016). We believe that in the face of such a situation, unless BOE comes forward to stop the market's pessimism about the pound from further escalating, the downward trend of the pound will be difficult to reverse.</p><p><b>text</b></p><p><b>We think there are two key reasons behind such a sharp decline in the pound</b></p><p><b>Dovish rate hike picked for last Thursday's BOE meeting</b>: When the new British Prime Minister took office in early September, the market still expected the BOE to rate hike 75 basis points at the September interest rate meeting. Even the day before the meeting, the OIS market still expected the rate hike 70 basis points at this meeting. However, the 9 members of the MPC voted 3-5-1 to support rate hike 50 basis points (3 of them supported rate hike 75 and 1 supported rate hike 25); In addition, BOE lowered its forecast for economic growth in the third quarter (BOE was expected to grow by 0.4% at the last meeting in August and drop by 0.1% at this meeting), that is, the expectation that the economy will fall into recession is even stronger. Finally, BOE decided at its meeting last week to actively sell British Treasury Bond on its balance sheet at a rate of 10 billion pounds/quarter (thus reducing its balance sheet by 80 billion pounds in the next year). The market interpreted this rate hike as dovish, and its decision on QT laid the groundwork for the sharp decline of British bonds after the British government launched a large-scale tax reduction plan the next day.</p><p><b>The \"2022 Economic Growth Plan\" [2] launched by the new government is fundamentally different from the BOE's anti-inflation goal (the high probability of the \"side effect\" of successfully suppressing inflation is to suppress economic growth), and the plan of substantial tax cuts also makes the market begin to Doubt the sustainability of its debt</b>: THE GROWTH PLAN 2022, launched on Friday, September 23rd, set a GDP growth target of 2.5% [3] (the last time the UK economy reached this growth level was before the 2008 financial crisis). In order to achieve this goal, the scale of a series of tax cuts announced by the new Chancellor of the Exchequer Kwasi Kwarteng (abolishing the top income tax rate of 45% and lowering the basic tax rate from 20% to 19%, freezing corporate tax, lifting the cap on banker bonuses and subsidizing energy bills in the next two years) is expected to cost 161 billion pounds in the next five years.</p><p>Although in the early days of Truss's appointment in early September, the market had expectations for fiscal stimulus policies that he had always advocated by relying on substantial additional government bond issuance and various tax cuts (see \"The Exchange Rate Impact of the New British Prime Minister's Appointment\")) But the huge scale of the tax cuts announced on Friday is the largest since Ted Health became prime minister in 1972. Investors still remember that the budget at that time caused inflation to get out of control, which in turn triggered the UK to fall into recession. After that, it took a full 10 years before the UK turned to IMF for external assistance in 1976. What's more, before the introduction of this tax reduction plan, Britain had already faced a \"double deficit\" problem that only a typical developing country would face: that is, the \"fiscal + trade\" deficit reached 250 billion pounds, and the latter alone accounted for 8.3% of GDP in the first quarter of this year, the highest level since 1997, and this proportion reached 102% in 21 years (Figure 2).</p><p>Such a large tax reduction plan means that the UK will have to issue bonds on a large scale to maintain its government operation (the UK needs to issue an additional 62 billion pounds of Treasury Bond, Figure 1), which also makes the market begin to worry about the debt sustainability of the UK government, especially considering the severe inflationary pressure at present, BOE is in the middle of a rate hike cycle, which further intensifies the debt repayment pressure of the UK government. In addition, more importantly, in order to achieve its goal of controlling inflation, BOE has significantly tightened monetary policy. Doing so will most likely bring downside risks to the economy, which is fundamentally different from the economic growth plan launched by the new government. disagreement. Against this background, asset prices have shown the trend we have seen: the British Treasury Bond has fallen sharply because the government is going to expand the scale of bond issuance to support the finance (Treasury Bond's yield has risen sharply), while the pound has not been supported by the rising yield in Treasury Bond. Instead, the market is worried that BOE may theoretically cooperate with fiscal expansion and downplay the inflation target (such as slowing down rate hike), and then fell sharply under pressure.</p><p><b>Chart 1: Scale of bond issuance by the UK Treasury</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c211683077ca1ead39a4abe4d0d301e\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"330\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>SOURCE OF DATA UK Debt Management Office,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/601995\">CICC</a>Research Department</p><p><b>Chart 2: British government debt as a percentage of GDP</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3449fef56f72a2cec7a4112402e1b576\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"299\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>Source: Bloomberg,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/03908\">CICC</a>Research Department</p><p><b>Market outlook</b></p><p>Possibility of potential intervention by the Bank of England: We believe that in the face of the current \"confidence crisis\" of investors in the pound, only BOE can slow down the downward trend of the pound. The options currently before the BOE are as follows:</p><p><ol><li>A total of six BOE officials will deliver speeches this week (including three voting committees who voted 50 basis points for rate hike at last week's BOE meeting, including Governor Bailey). If the BOE voting committee stated that it would take into account the latest fiscal policy changes, it would choose a substantial rate hike or change its shrinking balance sheet decision made at last week's meeting, then the downward pressure on the UK bond market and the pound would be reduced.</p><p></li><li>Compared with the first option, a more effective approach may be for BOE to hold an emergency meeting and announce a sharp rate hike of at least 100 basis points. On the one hand, this will shock the speculative shorts of the pound, and on the other hand, it will dispel the market's concerns about the so-called \"fiscal dominance\" (BOE slows down rate hike to match fiscal expansion). Given that the current money market has predicted that BOE will have a rate hike of 200 basis points before November, it is obvious that the market has begun to expect this, and in this case, the probability of BOE intervention has obviously increased.</p><p></li><li>Theoretically, BOE can choose to directly sell US dollars for foreign exchange intervention like BOJ. However, considering its relatively small foreign reserves (after all, Britain only has about 210 billion foreign exchange reserves, and the failure of BOE's foreign exchange intervention in 1992 [4] may not make it act rashly), the probability of this choice may only stay at the theoretical level before the pound continues to fall sharply in the near future or even begins to challenge parity.</p><p></li></ol><b>Official Bank of England (BOE) statement fails to calm confidence</b></p><p>On September 26th, the market's expectation of BOE's intervention became stronger and stronger, and the pound once rebounded from the low point of 1.0350 in the Asian session of that day to around 1.0900. However, the market's expectation was only the official statement of BOE [5]: \"The MPC Committee will make a comprehensive consideration and make corresponding decisions at the next planned meeting (that is, the interest rate meeting in November).\" We believe that such a statement should not satisfy the pound bears, and there is still a downward risk of the pound. In the medium and long term, the fiscal stimulus plan of the Truss government has deepened doubts about the fiscal health of the British government. Under the macro combination of high inflation and high current account deficit, the British government's high fiscal deficit may plunge the UK into an a vicious circle of \"high inflation-> currency devaluation-> high interest rate-> economic recession\". Before BOE comes forward, we believe that the related uncertainty may continue, and the pound may continue to face greater pressure.</p><p>The extreme bearish sentiment in the derivatives market may indicate a short-term rebound at present<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GBPUSD.FOREX\">GBP/USD</a>The implied volatility curve is obviously inverted (Figure 3), and the implied volatility will increase significantly in the next three weeks, while the bearish sentiment conveyed by the risk reversal has reached the highest level since 2008 (Figure 4). In the short term, we can't rule out the possibility of short squeeze (especially if BOE intervenes in the market), but before the market sentiment improves significantly, we expect that the pound will still face great fluctuations in the medium and long term (the implied volatility of the one-month GBP/USD on September 26th closed above 20% for the first time since 2008). According to the calculation of Bloomberg option pricing model, there is a 60% probability that GBP/USD will hit parity during the year (compared with only 34% last Thursday). Judging from the trend of the weekly level, GBP/USD has fallen to the most serious oversold level since 2015, and the possibility of short-term rebound has increased. The lower bound of the Bollinger channel on the weekly level and the decline since 2017<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/42T.SI\">Trendline</a>The intersection near 1.0940 provides the first resistance above the near term. Monday's low of 1.0350 provides the nearest support below (Figure 5).</p><p><b>Chart 3: GBP/USD implied volatility curve inverted</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/26450cddce47e5c47fcc4406ae53f72d\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"409\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>Source: Bloomberg, CICC Research</p><p><b>Chart 4: GBP/USD Risk Reversal Option: Bearish GBP sentiment reaches the most crowded level since 2008</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/27392cbd7f6385256c9a1937759c05c3\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"276\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>Source: Bloomberg, CICC Research</p><p><b>Chart 5: GBP/USD is currently in a severely oversold area, and the probability of short-term rebound has increased</b><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f409893be5639915f0008c947b71c3c6\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"273\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>Source: Bloomberg, CICC Research</p><p></body></html></p>","source":"sina","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Opinion | How far will the pound's decline go</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nOpinion | How far will the pound's decline go\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">市场资讯</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2022-09-28 08:48</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body><b>SUMMARY</b></p><p>On the evening of September 23rd, Beijing time, the new British government launched the largest tax reduction policy in history since 1972. Catalyzed by this incident, British assets were sold off in an all-round way (British Treasury Bond, stocks and pound all fell sharply). On September 26th, in early trading in Asia, affected by the finance minister's comment on tax reduction policy last weekend [1], the pound once flashed to a record low of 1.0350 (which also made the cumulative decline of about 8% on 23rd and 26th reach the highest level since Brexit in 2016). We believe that in the face of such a situation, unless BOE comes forward to stop the market's pessimism about the pound from further escalating, the downward trend of the pound will be difficult to reverse.</p><p><b>text</b></p><p><b>We think there are two key reasons behind such a sharp decline in the pound</b></p><p><b>Dovish rate hike picked for last Thursday's BOE meeting</b>: When the new British Prime Minister took office in early September, the market still expected the BOE to rate hike 75 basis points at the September interest rate meeting. Even the day before the meeting, the OIS market still expected the rate hike 70 basis points at this meeting. However, the 9 members of the MPC voted 3-5-1 to support rate hike 50 basis points (3 of them supported rate hike 75 and 1 supported rate hike 25); In addition, BOE lowered its forecast for economic growth in the third quarter (BOE was expected to grow by 0.4% at the last meeting in August and drop by 0.1% at this meeting), that is, the expectation that the economy will fall into recession is even stronger. Finally, BOE decided at its meeting last week to actively sell British Treasury Bond on its balance sheet at a rate of 10 billion pounds/quarter (thus reducing its balance sheet by 80 billion pounds in the next year). The market interpreted this rate hike as dovish, and its decision on QT laid the groundwork for the sharp decline of British bonds after the British government launched a large-scale tax reduction plan the next day.</p><p><b>The \"2022 Economic Growth Plan\" [2] launched by the new government is fundamentally different from the BOE's anti-inflation goal (the high probability of the \"side effect\" of successfully suppressing inflation is to suppress economic growth), and the plan of substantial tax cuts also makes the market begin to Doubt the sustainability of its debt</b>: THE GROWTH PLAN 2022, launched on Friday, September 23rd, set a GDP growth target of 2.5% [3] (the last time the UK economy reached this growth level was before the 2008 financial crisis). In order to achieve this goal, the scale of a series of tax cuts announced by the new Chancellor of the Exchequer Kwasi Kwarteng (abolishing the top income tax rate of 45% and lowering the basic tax rate from 20% to 19%, freezing corporate tax, lifting the cap on banker bonuses and subsidizing energy bills in the next two years) is expected to cost 161 billion pounds in the next five years.</p><p>Although in the early days of Truss's appointment in early September, the market had expectations for fiscal stimulus policies that he had always advocated by relying on substantial additional government bond issuance and various tax cuts (see \"The Exchange Rate Impact of the New British Prime Minister's Appointment\")) But the huge scale of the tax cuts announced on Friday is the largest since Ted Health became prime minister in 1972. Investors still remember that the budget at that time caused inflation to get out of control, which in turn triggered the UK to fall into recession. After that, it took a full 10 years before the UK turned to IMF for external assistance in 1976. What's more, before the introduction of this tax reduction plan, Britain had already faced a \"double deficit\" problem that only a typical developing country would face: that is, the \"fiscal + trade\" deficit reached 250 billion pounds, and the latter alone accounted for 8.3% of GDP in the first quarter of this year, the highest level since 1997, and this proportion reached 102% in 21 years (Figure 2).</p><p>Such a large tax reduction plan means that the UK will have to issue bonds on a large scale to maintain its government operation (the UK needs to issue an additional 62 billion pounds of Treasury Bond, Figure 1), which also makes the market begin to worry about the debt sustainability of the UK government, especially considering the severe inflationary pressure at present, BOE is in the middle of a rate hike cycle, which further intensifies the debt repayment pressure of the UK government. In addition, more importantly, in order to achieve its goal of controlling inflation, BOE has significantly tightened monetary policy. Doing so will most likely bring downside risks to the economy, which is fundamentally different from the economic growth plan launched by the new government. disagreement. Against this background, asset prices have shown the trend we have seen: the British Treasury Bond has fallen sharply because the government is going to expand the scale of bond issuance to support the finance (Treasury Bond's yield has risen sharply), while the pound has not been supported by the rising yield in Treasury Bond. Instead, the market is worried that BOE may theoretically cooperate with fiscal expansion and downplay the inflation target (such as slowing down rate hike), and then fell sharply under pressure.</p><p><b>Chart 1: Scale of bond issuance by the UK Treasury</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c211683077ca1ead39a4abe4d0d301e\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"330\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>SOURCE OF DATA UK Debt Management Office,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/601995\">CICC</a>Research Department</p><p><b>Chart 2: British government debt as a percentage of GDP</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3449fef56f72a2cec7a4112402e1b576\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"299\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>Source: Bloomberg,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/03908\">CICC</a>Research Department</p><p><b>Market outlook</b></p><p>Possibility of potential intervention by the Bank of England: We believe that in the face of the current \"confidence crisis\" of investors in the pound, only BOE can slow down the downward trend of the pound. The options currently before the BOE are as follows:</p><p><ol><li>A total of six BOE officials will deliver speeches this week (including three voting committees who voted 50 basis points for rate hike at last week's BOE meeting, including Governor Bailey). If the BOE voting committee stated that it would take into account the latest fiscal policy changes, it would choose a substantial rate hike or change its shrinking balance sheet decision made at last week's meeting, then the downward pressure on the UK bond market and the pound would be reduced.</p><p></li><li>Compared with the first option, a more effective approach may be for BOE to hold an emergency meeting and announce a sharp rate hike of at least 100 basis points. On the one hand, this will shock the speculative shorts of the pound, and on the other hand, it will dispel the market's concerns about the so-called \"fiscal dominance\" (BOE slows down rate hike to match fiscal expansion). Given that the current money market has predicted that BOE will have a rate hike of 200 basis points before November, it is obvious that the market has begun to expect this, and in this case, the probability of BOE intervention has obviously increased.</p><p></li><li>Theoretically, BOE can choose to directly sell US dollars for foreign exchange intervention like BOJ. However, considering its relatively small foreign reserves (after all, Britain only has about 210 billion foreign exchange reserves, and the failure of BOE's foreign exchange intervention in 1992 [4] may not make it act rashly), the probability of this choice may only stay at the theoretical level before the pound continues to fall sharply in the near future or even begins to challenge parity.</p><p></li></ol><b>Official Bank of England (BOE) statement fails to calm confidence</b></p><p>On September 26th, the market's expectation of BOE's intervention became stronger and stronger, and the pound once rebounded from the low point of 1.0350 in the Asian session of that day to around 1.0900. However, the market's expectation was only the official statement of BOE [5]: \"The MPC Committee will make a comprehensive consideration and make corresponding decisions at the next planned meeting (that is, the interest rate meeting in November).\" We believe that such a statement should not satisfy the pound bears, and there is still a downward risk of the pound. In the medium and long term, the fiscal stimulus plan of the Truss government has deepened doubts about the fiscal health of the British government. Under the macro combination of high inflation and high current account deficit, the British government's high fiscal deficit may plunge the UK into an a vicious circle of \"high inflation-> currency devaluation-> high interest rate-> economic recession\". Before BOE comes forward, we believe that the related uncertainty may continue, and the pound may continue to face greater pressure.</p><p>The extreme bearish sentiment in the derivatives market may indicate a short-term rebound at present<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GBPUSD.FOREX\">GBP/USD</a>The implied volatility curve is obviously inverted (Figure 3), and the implied volatility will increase significantly in the next three weeks, while the bearish sentiment conveyed by the risk reversal has reached the highest level since 2008 (Figure 4). In the short term, we can't rule out the possibility of short squeeze (especially if BOE intervenes in the market), but before the market sentiment improves significantly, we expect that the pound will still face great fluctuations in the medium and long term (the implied volatility of the one-month GBP/USD on September 26th closed above 20% for the first time since 2008). According to the calculation of Bloomberg option pricing model, there is a 60% probability that GBP/USD will hit parity during the year (compared with only 34% last Thursday). Judging from the trend of the weekly level, GBP/USD has fallen to the most serious oversold level since 2015, and the possibility of short-term rebound has increased. The lower bound of the Bollinger channel on the weekly level and the decline since 2017<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/42T.SI\">Trendline</a>The intersection near 1.0940 provides the first resistance above the near term. Monday's low of 1.0350 provides the nearest support below (Figure 5).</p><p><b>Chart 3: GBP/USD implied volatility curve inverted</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/26450cddce47e5c47fcc4406ae53f72d\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"409\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>Source: Bloomberg, CICC Research</p><p><b>Chart 4: GBP/USD Risk Reversal Option: Bearish GBP sentiment reaches the most crowded level since 2008</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/27392cbd7f6385256c9a1937759c05c3\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"276\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>Source: Bloomberg, CICC Research</p><p><b>Chart 5: GBP/USD is currently in a severely oversold area, and the probability of short-term rebound has increased</b><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f409893be5639915f0008c947b71c3c6\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"273\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>Source: Bloomberg, CICC Research</p><p></body></html></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://finance.sina.com.cn/money/forex/forexroll/2022-09-27/doc-imqmmtha8940427.shtml\">市场资讯</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9a1170a4e489963fb6ed8b799c9fd645","relate_stocks":{"BOE":"黑岩全球成长基金"},"source_url":"https://finance.sina.com.cn/money/forex/forexroll/2022-09-27/doc-imqmmtha8940427.shtml","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/b0d1b7e8843deea78cc308b15114de44","article_id":"2270189902","content_text":"摘要北京时间9月23日晚，英国新任政府推出了历史上1972年以来最大幅度的减税组合政策，受此事件催化，英国资产全面遭到抛售（英国国债，股票和英镑全部大幅走低），而9月26日亚洲早盘，受到上周末财长坚持减税政策评论影响[1]，英镑更是一度闪跌至1.0350历史新低（这也使得英镑在23，26号两天累计8%左右的跌幅达到2016年英国脱欧以来的最高水平）。我们认为，面临如此局面，除非BOE出面重新阻止市场对英镑悲观情绪的进一步升级，否则英镑的下跌趋势难以逆转。正文我们认为英镑如此大幅下跌背后有两个关键原因上周四BOE会议选择鸽派加息：9月初英国新首相上任初始，市场依旧预计BOE会在9月议息会上加息75基点，甚至在会议前一天OIS市场依旧预期本次会议加息70基点，然而MPC的9位委员们以3-5-1的投票选择支持加息50基点（其中3人支持加息75而1人支持加息25）；此外，BOE下调了3季度经济增长的预期（8月上次会上BOE预计增长0.4%而本次会上预计经济增长下降0.1%）即对经济陷入衰退的预期更加浓重。最后，BOE上周会议上决定以100亿英镑/季度的速度开始主动出售其资产负债表上的英国国债（这样就使得未来1年其资产负债表缩小800亿英镑）。市场对此次加息解读为鸽派，而其有关QT的决定更是为第二天英国政府推出大规模减税计划之后英国债券的大幅走低埋下了伏笔。新政府推出的《2022经济增长计划》[2] 与BOE的抗通胀目标产生根本分歧（成功压制通胀带来的大概率“副作用”就是抑制经济增长），而大幅减税的计划也使得市场开始怀疑其债务的可持续性：上周五9月23日英国推出的2022增长计划（THE GROWTH PLAN 2022）设定了一个2.5%的GDP增长目标[3] （英国经济上一次达到这个增长水平还是08年金融危机之前的时候）而为了实现这一目标，新任财政大臣Kwasi Kwarteng公布的一系列减税方案的规模（取消45%的最高所得税税率，并将基本税率从20%降至19%，冻结公司税，取消银行家奖金上限，并在未来两年拿出数十亿美元补贴能源账单）预计将在未来五年耗费1610亿英镑。虽然在特拉斯9月初上任初期，市场就对其一直主张的依靠大幅额外政府发债以及削减各项税收来进行财政刺激的政策有所预期（详见《英国新首相上任的汇率影响》）但周五公布的减税计划的巨大规模是自1972年Ted Health担任首相以来最大规模的减税措施。而投资者对当时的预算案导致通胀失控，进而引发英国此后陷入衰退，而之后花费了整整10年时间，才最终以1976年英国求助了IMF外部援助才得以结束依然记忆犹新。更何况，在这一减税计划推出之前，英国就已经面临了一个典型的发展中国家才会面临的“双赤字”难题：即“财政+贸易”赤字达到了2500亿英镑，而单单是后者就已经在今年一季度占比GDP达到1997年以来的最高水平8.3%，而21年这一比例就已经达到102%（图2）。如此大额的减税计划意味着此后英国不得不大规模发债来维持其政府运作（英国需要额外发行620亿英镑国债，图1）而这也使得市场开始对英国政府的债务可持续性产生了担忧，尤其考虑到目前面临严峻的通胀压力，BOE正处于加息周期之中，而这也就使得英国政府的偿债压力进一步加剧。此外更重要的一点是，BOE为了实现其控制通胀的目标而进行大幅收紧货币政策，这样做大概率会带来经济的下行风险，而这就和新政府推出的经济增长计划出现了根本的分歧。在此背景下，资产价格出现了我们看到的走势：英国国债因政府将要扩大发债规模支持财政因而大幅下跌（国债收益率大涨），而英镑并未受到国债收益率上行的支撑，反而因市场担忧BOE理论上可能会配合财政扩张而淡化通胀目标（比如放缓加息）进而承压大幅走低。图表1：英国财政部发债规模 资料来源：UK Debt Management Office、中金公司研究部图表2：英国政府债务占比GDP资料来源：彭博资讯、中金公司研究部后市展望英国央行潜在出面干预的可能性：我们认为，面对当下投资者对英镑的“信心危机”，只有BOE出面才可能放缓英镑下跌的趋势。目前摆在BOE面前的选择如下：本周共有 6位BOE官员会发布讲话（包括上周BOE会上投票加息50基点的3位票委，这其中包括行长Bailey），如果BOE票委表态考虑到最新的财政政策变化，会选择大幅加息或者改变其上周会上作出的缩表决定，那么英国债券市场和英镑的下跌压力将会减少。比起第一个选择，更为有效的做法或许是BOE召开紧急会议并且宣布大幅加息至少100个基点，如此一来一方面会对英镑投机空头形成威震，另一方面将会打消市场对所谓的“财政主导”（BOE放缓加息配合财政扩张）的担忧。鉴于目前货币市场已经预计BOE会在11月之前加息200个基点，显然市场已经开始对此有所预期，而这种情况下BOE出面干预的概率明显加大。理论上，BOE可以选择像BOJ一样直接抛售美元进行外汇干预外汇。不过，考虑到其相对较小的外储规模（毕竟英国只有2100亿英镑左右的外汇储备，况且1992年BOE外汇干预的失败[4] 或许不会使其轻举妄动）在英镑近期继续大幅走低甚至开始挑战平价之前，这种选择的概率或只停留在理论层面。英国央行（BOE）的官方声明未能稳住信心 9月26日盘中，市场对BOE出面干预的预期愈发强烈，英镑也一度自当日亚洲时段“闪跌”低点1.0350反弹至1.0900附近，然而市场的期待等到的只是BOE的官方声明[5] ：“MPC委员会会在下一次计划的会议（即11月的议息会议）上做出全面的考量并且做出相应的决定。”我们认为，这样的一个声明应该不会让英镑空头满意，接下来英镑依旧存在下跌风险。中长期看，特拉斯政府的这一财政刺激计划令外界对于英国政府的财政健康的疑虑加深。在高通胀、高经常项目逆差的宏观组合下，英国政府的高财政赤字有可能会让英国陷入“高通胀->货币贬值->高利率->经济衰退”的恶性循环。在BOE出面之前，我们认为相关的不确定性可能会延续，英镑仍然可能会继续面临较大的压力。衍生品市场看空情绪较为极端或许预示短期的反弹 目前英镑/美元隐含波动率曲线出现明显倒挂（图3），未来3个星期之内的隐含波动率明显升高，而风险反转传达出的看空情绪更是达到了2008年以来的最高水平（图4）。短期内我们不能排除出现short squeeze的可能性（尤其如果BOE出面干预市场），但在市场情绪明显好转之前我们预计英镑依旧在中长期面临较大的波动（9月26号当天1个月期的英镑/美元隐含波动率自2008年以来首次收盘在20%之上）。彭博期权定价模型的推算，年内英镑/美元有60%的概率触及平价（而上周四这一概率只有34%）。从周线级别的走势上看，目前英镑/美元已经跌至2015年以来最为严重的超卖水平，短期反弹的可能性有所加大。周线级别上布林格通道下限和2017年以来的下降趋势线的交点1.0940附近提供近期上方的第一个阻力。而本周一的低点1.0350则提供下方最近的支撑（图5）。图表3：英镑/美元隐含波动率曲线倒挂资料来源：彭博资讯、中金公司研究部图表4：英镑/美元风险反转期权：看空英镑情绪达到08年以来最为拥挤水平资料来源：彭博资讯、中金公司研究部图表5：英镑/美元目前处于严重超卖区域，短期反弹概率有所升高资料来源：彭博资讯、中金公司研究部","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"BOE":1}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2376,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9045758878,"gmtCreate":1656661403194,"gmtModify":1676535873289,"author":{"id":"3581990775485980","authorId":"3581990775485980","name":"星星太阳","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3581990775485980","authorIdStr":"3581990775485980"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"👌","listText":"👌","text":"👌","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9045758878","repostId":"1176657955","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2589,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"hots":[{"id":9045758878,"gmtCreate":1656661403194,"gmtModify":1676535873289,"author":{"id":"3581990775485980","authorId":"3581990775485980","name":"星星太阳","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3581990775485980","idStr":"3581990775485980"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"👌","listText":"👌","text":"👌","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9045758878","repostId":"1176657955","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1176657955","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"为用户提供金融资讯、行情、数据，旨在帮助投资者理解世界，做投资决策。","home_visible":1,"media_name":"老虎资讯综合","id":"102","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1656487457,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1176657955?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2022-06-29 15:24","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"Reminder: Due to the U.S. Independence Day holiday, U.S. stocks will be closed on July 4","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1176657955","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"请留意具体时间，提前安排好您的投资计划。","content":"<p><html><head></head><body>Dear investors,</p><p>Due to the anniversary of the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (and the anniversary of Hong Kong's return to China),<b>The Hong Kong stock market will be closed for one day on July 1 (Friday)</b>。 In addition, due to the Independence Day holiday,<b>The U.S. stock market will be closed for one day on July 4 (Monday)</b>。 Please pay attention to the specific time and arrange your investment plan in advance.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b85335b584c40ee97169a866b3eb10b6\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"1080\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>I wish you smooth investment</p><p>Tiger Securities</p><p><b>Market closure arrangement</b></p><p><b>US stocks</b></p><p>The market will be closed on July 4th (Monday) and open as usual from July 5th (Tuesday).</p><p><b>Hong Kong Stocks</b></p><p>The market will be closed on July 1st (Friday) and open as usual from July 4th (Monday).</p><p><b>A Shares</b></p><p>Trade as usual.</p><p><b>Shanghai Stock Connect, Shenzhen Stock Connect</b></p><p>The service will not be available from June 30th (Thursday) to July 1st (Friday), and will be open as usual from July 4th (Monday).</p><p><b>Stock Connect</b></p><p>The service will not be provided on July 1st (Friday), but will be open as usual from July 4th (Monday).</p><p><b>Singapore stock market, Australian market</b></p><p>Trade as usual.</p><p><b>Background Introduction</b></p><p><b>Anniversary of the Establishment of the</b></p><p>The anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the motherland is July 1st every year. On July 1, 1997, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China was established. Since then, this day has become the anniversary of Hong Kong's return.</p><p>2022 marks the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the motherland.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f228e2be416213ddd5f57b144bf15712\" tg-width=\"860\" tg-height=\"570\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><b>Independence Day</b></p><p>Independence Day (also known as Fourth of July or July Fourth) is one of the major legal holidays in the United States. It is dated on July 4th of each year to commemorate the formal adoption of the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776.</p><p></body></html></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Reminder: Due to the U.S. Independence Day holiday, U.S. stocks will be closed on July 4</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nReminder: Due to the U.S. Independence Day holiday, U.S. stocks will be closed on July 4\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2022-06-29 15:24</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body>Dear investors,</p><p>Due to the anniversary of the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (and the anniversary of Hong Kong's return to China),<b>The Hong Kong stock market will be closed for one day on July 1 (Friday)</b>。 In addition, due to the Independence Day holiday,<b>The U.S. stock market will be closed for one day on July 4 (Monday)</b>。 Please pay attention to the specific time and arrange your investment plan in advance.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b85335b584c40ee97169a866b3eb10b6\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"1080\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>I wish you smooth investment</p><p>Tiger Securities</p><p><b>Market closure arrangement</b></p><p><b>US stocks</b></p><p>The market will be closed on July 4th (Monday) and open as usual from July 5th (Tuesday).</p><p><b>Hong Kong Stocks</b></p><p>The market will be closed on July 1st (Friday) and open as usual from July 4th (Monday).</p><p><b>A Shares</b></p><p>Trade as usual.</p><p><b>Shanghai Stock Connect, Shenzhen Stock Connect</b></p><p>The service will not be available from June 30th (Thursday) to July 1st (Friday), and will be open as usual from July 4th (Monday).</p><p><b>Stock Connect</b></p><p>The service will not be provided on July 1st (Friday), but will be open as usual from July 4th (Monday).</p><p><b>Singapore stock market, Australian market</b></p><p>Trade as usual.</p><p><b>Background Introduction</b></p><p><b>Anniversary of the Establishment of the</b></p><p>The anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the motherland is July 1st every year. On July 1, 1997, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China was established. Since then, this day has become the anniversary of Hong Kong's return.</p><p>2022 marks the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the motherland.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f228e2be416213ddd5f57b144bf15712\" tg-width=\"860\" tg-height=\"570\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><b>Independence Day</b></p><p>Independence Day (also known as Fourth of July or July Fourth) is one of the major legal holidays in the United States. It is dated on July 4th of each year to commemorate the formal adoption of the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776.</p><p></body></html></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3877d7f890a3e97cbb441a2ccfdf29da","relate_stocks":{".DJI":"道琼斯","HSI":"恒生指数"},"source_url":"","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1176657955","content_text":"尊敬的投资者：因香港特别行政区成立纪念日（暨香港回归纪念日），港股市场于7月1日（周五）休市一天。此外，因美国独立日假期，美股市场将于7月4日（周一）休市一天。请留意具体时间，提前安排好您的投资计划。预祝投资顺利老虎证券休市安排美股7月4日（周一）休市，7月5日（周二）起照常开市。港股7月1日（周五）休市，7月4日（周一）起照常开市。A股照常交易。沪股通、深股通6月30日（周四）至7月1日（周五）不提供服务，7月4日（星期一）起照常开通。港股通7月1日（周五）不提供服务，7月4日（周一）起照常开通。新加坡股市、澳大利亚市场照常交易。背景介绍香港特别行政区成立纪念日暨香港回归纪念日，为每年的7月1日。1997年7月1日，中华人民共和国香港特别行政区政府成立。从此，这一天成为香港回归纪念日。2022年是香港回归祖国25周年。美国独立日独立日（Independence Day，又称Fourth of July或July Fourth）是美国的主要法定节日之一，日期为每年7月4日，以纪念1776年7月4日大陆会议在费城正式通过《独立宣言》。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{".DJI":0.9,"HSI":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2589,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9918896013,"gmtCreate":1664350273332,"gmtModify":1676537438493,"author":{"id":"3581990775485980","authorId":"3581990775485980","name":"星星太阳","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3581990775485980","idStr":"3581990775485980"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"[微笑] ","listText":"[微笑] ","text":"[微笑]","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9918896013","repostId":"2270189902","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"2270189902","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1664326126,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/2270189902?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2022-09-28 08:48","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"Opinion | How far will the pound's decline go","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2270189902","media":"市场资讯","summary":" 北京时间9月23日晚，英国新任政府推出了历史上1972年以来最大幅度的减税组合政策，受此事件催化，英国资产全面遭到抛售，而9月26日亚洲早盘，受到上周末财长坚持减税政策评论影响[1]，英镑更是一度闪跌至1.0350历史新低。我们认为，面临如此局面，除非BOE出面重新阻止市场对英镑悲观情绪的进一步升级，否则英镑的下跌趋势难以逆转。","content":"<p><html><head></head><body><b>SUMMARY</b></p><p>On the evening of September 23rd, Beijing time, the new British government launched the largest tax reduction policy in history since 1972. Catalyzed by this incident, British assets were sold off in an all-round way (British Treasury Bond, stocks and pound all fell sharply). On September 26th, in early trading in Asia, affected by the finance minister's comment on tax reduction policy last weekend [1], the pound once flashed to a record low of 1.0350 (which also made the cumulative decline of about 8% on 23rd and 26th reach the highest level since Brexit in 2016). We believe that in the face of such a situation, unless BOE comes forward to stop the market's pessimism about the pound from further escalating, the downward trend of the pound will be difficult to reverse.</p><p><b>text</b></p><p><b>We think there are two key reasons behind such a sharp decline in the pound</b></p><p><b>Dovish rate hike picked for last Thursday's BOE meeting</b>: When the new British Prime Minister took office in early September, the market still expected the BOE to rate hike 75 basis points at the September interest rate meeting. Even the day before the meeting, the OIS market still expected the rate hike 70 basis points at this meeting. However, the 9 members of the MPC voted 3-5-1 to support rate hike 50 basis points (3 of them supported rate hike 75 and 1 supported rate hike 25); In addition, BOE lowered its forecast for economic growth in the third quarter (BOE was expected to grow by 0.4% at the last meeting in August and drop by 0.1% at this meeting), that is, the expectation that the economy will fall into recession is even stronger. Finally, BOE decided at its meeting last week to actively sell British Treasury Bond on its balance sheet at a rate of 10 billion pounds/quarter (thus reducing its balance sheet by 80 billion pounds in the next year). The market interpreted this rate hike as dovish, and its decision on QT laid the groundwork for the sharp decline of British bonds after the British government launched a large-scale tax reduction plan the next day.</p><p><b>The \"2022 Economic Growth Plan\" [2] launched by the new government is fundamentally different from the BOE's anti-inflation goal (the high probability of the \"side effect\" of successfully suppressing inflation is to suppress economic growth), and the plan of substantial tax cuts also makes the market begin to Doubt the sustainability of its debt</b>: THE GROWTH PLAN 2022, launched on Friday, September 23rd, set a GDP growth target of 2.5% [3] (the last time the UK economy reached this growth level was before the 2008 financial crisis). In order to achieve this goal, the scale of a series of tax cuts announced by the new Chancellor of the Exchequer Kwasi Kwarteng (abolishing the top income tax rate of 45% and lowering the basic tax rate from 20% to 19%, freezing corporate tax, lifting the cap on banker bonuses and subsidizing energy bills in the next two years) is expected to cost 161 billion pounds in the next five years.</p><p>Although in the early days of Truss's appointment in early September, the market had expectations for fiscal stimulus policies that he had always advocated by relying on substantial additional government bond issuance and various tax cuts (see \"The Exchange Rate Impact of the New British Prime Minister's Appointment\")) But the huge scale of the tax cuts announced on Friday is the largest since Ted Health became prime minister in 1972. Investors still remember that the budget at that time caused inflation to get out of control, which in turn triggered the UK to fall into recession. After that, it took a full 10 years before the UK turned to IMF for external assistance in 1976. What's more, before the introduction of this tax reduction plan, Britain had already faced a \"double deficit\" problem that only a typical developing country would face: that is, the \"fiscal + trade\" deficit reached 250 billion pounds, and the latter alone accounted for 8.3% of GDP in the first quarter of this year, the highest level since 1997, and this proportion reached 102% in 21 years (Figure 2).</p><p>Such a large tax reduction plan means that the UK will have to issue bonds on a large scale to maintain its government operation (the UK needs to issue an additional 62 billion pounds of Treasury Bond, Figure 1), which also makes the market begin to worry about the debt sustainability of the UK government, especially considering the severe inflationary pressure at present, BOE is in the middle of a rate hike cycle, which further intensifies the debt repayment pressure of the UK government. In addition, more importantly, in order to achieve its goal of controlling inflation, BOE has significantly tightened monetary policy. Doing so will most likely bring downside risks to the economy, which is fundamentally different from the economic growth plan launched by the new government. disagreement. Against this background, asset prices have shown the trend we have seen: the British Treasury Bond has fallen sharply because the government is going to expand the scale of bond issuance to support the finance (Treasury Bond's yield has risen sharply), while the pound has not been supported by the rising yield in Treasury Bond. Instead, the market is worried that BOE may theoretically cooperate with fiscal expansion and downplay the inflation target (such as slowing down rate hike), and then fell sharply under pressure.</p><p><b>Chart 1: Scale of bond issuance by the UK Treasury</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c211683077ca1ead39a4abe4d0d301e\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"330\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>SOURCE OF DATA UK Debt Management Office,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/601995\">CICC</a>Research Department</p><p><b>Chart 2: British government debt as a percentage of GDP</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3449fef56f72a2cec7a4112402e1b576\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"299\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>Source: Bloomberg,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/03908\">CICC</a>Research Department</p><p><b>Market outlook</b></p><p>Possibility of potential intervention by the Bank of England: We believe that in the face of the current \"confidence crisis\" of investors in the pound, only BOE can slow down the downward trend of the pound. The options currently before the BOE are as follows:</p><p><ol><li>A total of six BOE officials will deliver speeches this week (including three voting committees who voted 50 basis points for rate hike at last week's BOE meeting, including Governor Bailey). If the BOE voting committee stated that it would take into account the latest fiscal policy changes, it would choose a substantial rate hike or change its shrinking balance sheet decision made at last week's meeting, then the downward pressure on the UK bond market and the pound would be reduced.</p><p></li><li>Compared with the first option, a more effective approach may be for BOE to hold an emergency meeting and announce a sharp rate hike of at least 100 basis points. On the one hand, this will shock the speculative shorts of the pound, and on the other hand, it will dispel the market's concerns about the so-called \"fiscal dominance\" (BOE slows down rate hike to match fiscal expansion). Given that the current money market has predicted that BOE will have a rate hike of 200 basis points before November, it is obvious that the market has begun to expect this, and in this case, the probability of BOE intervention has obviously increased.</p><p></li><li>Theoretically, BOE can choose to directly sell US dollars for foreign exchange intervention like BOJ. However, considering its relatively small foreign reserves (after all, Britain only has about 210 billion foreign exchange reserves, and the failure of BOE's foreign exchange intervention in 1992 [4] may not make it act rashly), the probability of this choice may only stay at the theoretical level before the pound continues to fall sharply in the near future or even begins to challenge parity.</p><p></li></ol><b>Official Bank of England (BOE) statement fails to calm confidence</b></p><p>On September 26th, the market's expectation of BOE's intervention became stronger and stronger, and the pound once rebounded from the low point of 1.0350 in the Asian session of that day to around 1.0900. However, the market's expectation was only the official statement of BOE [5]: \"The MPC Committee will make a comprehensive consideration and make corresponding decisions at the next planned meeting (that is, the interest rate meeting in November).\" We believe that such a statement should not satisfy the pound bears, and there is still a downward risk of the pound. In the medium and long term, the fiscal stimulus plan of the Truss government has deepened doubts about the fiscal health of the British government. Under the macro combination of high inflation and high current account deficit, the British government's high fiscal deficit may plunge the UK into an a vicious circle of \"high inflation-> currency devaluation-> high interest rate-> economic recession\". Before BOE comes forward, we believe that the related uncertainty may continue, and the pound may continue to face greater pressure.</p><p>The extreme bearish sentiment in the derivatives market may indicate a short-term rebound at present<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GBPUSD.FOREX\">GBP/USD</a>The implied volatility curve is obviously inverted (Figure 3), and the implied volatility will increase significantly in the next three weeks, while the bearish sentiment conveyed by the risk reversal has reached the highest level since 2008 (Figure 4). In the short term, we can't rule out the possibility of short squeeze (especially if BOE intervenes in the market), but before the market sentiment improves significantly, we expect that the pound will still face great fluctuations in the medium and long term (the implied volatility of the one-month GBP/USD on September 26th closed above 20% for the first time since 2008). According to the calculation of Bloomberg option pricing model, there is a 60% probability that GBP/USD will hit parity during the year (compared with only 34% last Thursday). Judging from the trend of the weekly level, GBP/USD has fallen to the most serious oversold level since 2015, and the possibility of short-term rebound has increased. The lower bound of the Bollinger channel on the weekly level and the decline since 2017<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/42T.SI\">Trendline</a>The intersection near 1.0940 provides the first resistance above the near term. Monday's low of 1.0350 provides the nearest support below (Figure 5).</p><p><b>Chart 3: GBP/USD implied volatility curve inverted</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/26450cddce47e5c47fcc4406ae53f72d\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"409\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>Source: Bloomberg, CICC Research</p><p><b>Chart 4: GBP/USD Risk Reversal Option: Bearish GBP sentiment reaches the most crowded level since 2008</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/27392cbd7f6385256c9a1937759c05c3\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"276\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>Source: Bloomberg, CICC Research</p><p><b>Chart 5: GBP/USD is currently in a severely oversold area, and the probability of short-term rebound has increased</b><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f409893be5639915f0008c947b71c3c6\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"273\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>Source: Bloomberg, CICC Research</p><p></body></html></p>","source":"sina","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Opinion | How far will the pound's decline go</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nOpinion | How far will the pound's decline go\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">市场资讯</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2022-09-28 08:48</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body><b>SUMMARY</b></p><p>On the evening of September 23rd, Beijing time, the new British government launched the largest tax reduction policy in history since 1972. Catalyzed by this incident, British assets were sold off in an all-round way (British Treasury Bond, stocks and pound all fell sharply). On September 26th, in early trading in Asia, affected by the finance minister's comment on tax reduction policy last weekend [1], the pound once flashed to a record low of 1.0350 (which also made the cumulative decline of about 8% on 23rd and 26th reach the highest level since Brexit in 2016). We believe that in the face of such a situation, unless BOE comes forward to stop the market's pessimism about the pound from further escalating, the downward trend of the pound will be difficult to reverse.</p><p><b>text</b></p><p><b>We think there are two key reasons behind such a sharp decline in the pound</b></p><p><b>Dovish rate hike picked for last Thursday's BOE meeting</b>: When the new British Prime Minister took office in early September, the market still expected the BOE to rate hike 75 basis points at the September interest rate meeting. Even the day before the meeting, the OIS market still expected the rate hike 70 basis points at this meeting. However, the 9 members of the MPC voted 3-5-1 to support rate hike 50 basis points (3 of them supported rate hike 75 and 1 supported rate hike 25); In addition, BOE lowered its forecast for economic growth in the third quarter (BOE was expected to grow by 0.4% at the last meeting in August and drop by 0.1% at this meeting), that is, the expectation that the economy will fall into recession is even stronger. Finally, BOE decided at its meeting last week to actively sell British Treasury Bond on its balance sheet at a rate of 10 billion pounds/quarter (thus reducing its balance sheet by 80 billion pounds in the next year). The market interpreted this rate hike as dovish, and its decision on QT laid the groundwork for the sharp decline of British bonds after the British government launched a large-scale tax reduction plan the next day.</p><p><b>The \"2022 Economic Growth Plan\" [2] launched by the new government is fundamentally different from the BOE's anti-inflation goal (the high probability of the \"side effect\" of successfully suppressing inflation is to suppress economic growth), and the plan of substantial tax cuts also makes the market begin to Doubt the sustainability of its debt</b>: THE GROWTH PLAN 2022, launched on Friday, September 23rd, set a GDP growth target of 2.5% [3] (the last time the UK economy reached this growth level was before the 2008 financial crisis). In order to achieve this goal, the scale of a series of tax cuts announced by the new Chancellor of the Exchequer Kwasi Kwarteng (abolishing the top income tax rate of 45% and lowering the basic tax rate from 20% to 19%, freezing corporate tax, lifting the cap on banker bonuses and subsidizing energy bills in the next two years) is expected to cost 161 billion pounds in the next five years.</p><p>Although in the early days of Truss's appointment in early September, the market had expectations for fiscal stimulus policies that he had always advocated by relying on substantial additional government bond issuance and various tax cuts (see \"The Exchange Rate Impact of the New British Prime Minister's Appointment\")) But the huge scale of the tax cuts announced on Friday is the largest since Ted Health became prime minister in 1972. Investors still remember that the budget at that time caused inflation to get out of control, which in turn triggered the UK to fall into recession. After that, it took a full 10 years before the UK turned to IMF for external assistance in 1976. What's more, before the introduction of this tax reduction plan, Britain had already faced a \"double deficit\" problem that only a typical developing country would face: that is, the \"fiscal + trade\" deficit reached 250 billion pounds, and the latter alone accounted for 8.3% of GDP in the first quarter of this year, the highest level since 1997, and this proportion reached 102% in 21 years (Figure 2).</p><p>Such a large tax reduction plan means that the UK will have to issue bonds on a large scale to maintain its government operation (the UK needs to issue an additional 62 billion pounds of Treasury Bond, Figure 1), which also makes the market begin to worry about the debt sustainability of the UK government, especially considering the severe inflationary pressure at present, BOE is in the middle of a rate hike cycle, which further intensifies the debt repayment pressure of the UK government. In addition, more importantly, in order to achieve its goal of controlling inflation, BOE has significantly tightened monetary policy. Doing so will most likely bring downside risks to the economy, which is fundamentally different from the economic growth plan launched by the new government. disagreement. Against this background, asset prices have shown the trend we have seen: the British Treasury Bond has fallen sharply because the government is going to expand the scale of bond issuance to support the finance (Treasury Bond's yield has risen sharply), while the pound has not been supported by the rising yield in Treasury Bond. Instead, the market is worried that BOE may theoretically cooperate with fiscal expansion and downplay the inflation target (such as slowing down rate hike), and then fell sharply under pressure.</p><p><b>Chart 1: Scale of bond issuance by the UK Treasury</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c211683077ca1ead39a4abe4d0d301e\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"330\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>SOURCE OF DATA UK Debt Management Office,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/601995\">CICC</a>Research Department</p><p><b>Chart 2: British government debt as a percentage of GDP</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3449fef56f72a2cec7a4112402e1b576\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"299\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>Source: Bloomberg,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/03908\">CICC</a>Research Department</p><p><b>Market outlook</b></p><p>Possibility of potential intervention by the Bank of England: We believe that in the face of the current \"confidence crisis\" of investors in the pound, only BOE can slow down the downward trend of the pound. The options currently before the BOE are as follows:</p><p><ol><li>A total of six BOE officials will deliver speeches this week (including three voting committees who voted 50 basis points for rate hike at last week's BOE meeting, including Governor Bailey). If the BOE voting committee stated that it would take into account the latest fiscal policy changes, it would choose a substantial rate hike or change its shrinking balance sheet decision made at last week's meeting, then the downward pressure on the UK bond market and the pound would be reduced.</p><p></li><li>Compared with the first option, a more effective approach may be for BOE to hold an emergency meeting and announce a sharp rate hike of at least 100 basis points. On the one hand, this will shock the speculative shorts of the pound, and on the other hand, it will dispel the market's concerns about the so-called \"fiscal dominance\" (BOE slows down rate hike to match fiscal expansion). Given that the current money market has predicted that BOE will have a rate hike of 200 basis points before November, it is obvious that the market has begun to expect this, and in this case, the probability of BOE intervention has obviously increased.</p><p></li><li>Theoretically, BOE can choose to directly sell US dollars for foreign exchange intervention like BOJ. However, considering its relatively small foreign reserves (after all, Britain only has about 210 billion foreign exchange reserves, and the failure of BOE's foreign exchange intervention in 1992 [4] may not make it act rashly), the probability of this choice may only stay at the theoretical level before the pound continues to fall sharply in the near future or even begins to challenge parity.</p><p></li></ol><b>Official Bank of England (BOE) statement fails to calm confidence</b></p><p>On September 26th, the market's expectation of BOE's intervention became stronger and stronger, and the pound once rebounded from the low point of 1.0350 in the Asian session of that day to around 1.0900. However, the market's expectation was only the official statement of BOE [5]: \"The MPC Committee will make a comprehensive consideration and make corresponding decisions at the next planned meeting (that is, the interest rate meeting in November).\" We believe that such a statement should not satisfy the pound bears, and there is still a downward risk of the pound. In the medium and long term, the fiscal stimulus plan of the Truss government has deepened doubts about the fiscal health of the British government. Under the macro combination of high inflation and high current account deficit, the British government's high fiscal deficit may plunge the UK into an a vicious circle of \"high inflation-> currency devaluation-> high interest rate-> economic recession\". Before BOE comes forward, we believe that the related uncertainty may continue, and the pound may continue to face greater pressure.</p><p>The extreme bearish sentiment in the derivatives market may indicate a short-term rebound at present<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GBPUSD.FOREX\">GBP/USD</a>The implied volatility curve is obviously inverted (Figure 3), and the implied volatility will increase significantly in the next three weeks, while the bearish sentiment conveyed by the risk reversal has reached the highest level since 2008 (Figure 4). In the short term, we can't rule out the possibility of short squeeze (especially if BOE intervenes in the market), but before the market sentiment improves significantly, we expect that the pound will still face great fluctuations in the medium and long term (the implied volatility of the one-month GBP/USD on September 26th closed above 20% for the first time since 2008). According to the calculation of Bloomberg option pricing model, there is a 60% probability that GBP/USD will hit parity during the year (compared with only 34% last Thursday). Judging from the trend of the weekly level, GBP/USD has fallen to the most serious oversold level since 2015, and the possibility of short-term rebound has increased. The lower bound of the Bollinger channel on the weekly level and the decline since 2017<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/42T.SI\">Trendline</a>The intersection near 1.0940 provides the first resistance above the near term. Monday's low of 1.0350 provides the nearest support below (Figure 5).</p><p><b>Chart 3: GBP/USD implied volatility curve inverted</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/26450cddce47e5c47fcc4406ae53f72d\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"409\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>Source: Bloomberg, CICC Research</p><p><b>Chart 4: GBP/USD Risk Reversal Option: Bearish GBP sentiment reaches the most crowded level since 2008</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/27392cbd7f6385256c9a1937759c05c3\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"276\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p><p>Source: Bloomberg, CICC Research</p><p><b>Chart 5: GBP/USD is currently in a severely oversold area, and the probability of short-term rebound has increased</b><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f409893be5639915f0008c947b71c3c6\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"273\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>Source: Bloomberg, CICC Research</p><p></body></html></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://finance.sina.com.cn/money/forex/forexroll/2022-09-27/doc-imqmmtha8940427.shtml\">市场资讯</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9a1170a4e489963fb6ed8b799c9fd645","relate_stocks":{"BOE":"黑岩全球成长基金"},"source_url":"https://finance.sina.com.cn/money/forex/forexroll/2022-09-27/doc-imqmmtha8940427.shtml","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/b0d1b7e8843deea78cc308b15114de44","article_id":"2270189902","content_text":"摘要北京时间9月23日晚，英国新任政府推出了历史上1972年以来最大幅度的减税组合政策，受此事件催化，英国资产全面遭到抛售（英国国债，股票和英镑全部大幅走低），而9月26日亚洲早盘，受到上周末财长坚持减税政策评论影响[1]，英镑更是一度闪跌至1.0350历史新低（这也使得英镑在23，26号两天累计8%左右的跌幅达到2016年英国脱欧以来的最高水平）。我们认为，面临如此局面，除非BOE出面重新阻止市场对英镑悲观情绪的进一步升级，否则英镑的下跌趋势难以逆转。正文我们认为英镑如此大幅下跌背后有两个关键原因上周四BOE会议选择鸽派加息：9月初英国新首相上任初始，市场依旧预计BOE会在9月议息会上加息75基点，甚至在会议前一天OIS市场依旧预期本次会议加息70基点，然而MPC的9位委员们以3-5-1的投票选择支持加息50基点（其中3人支持加息75而1人支持加息25）；此外，BOE下调了3季度经济增长的预期（8月上次会上BOE预计增长0.4%而本次会上预计经济增长下降0.1%）即对经济陷入衰退的预期更加浓重。最后，BOE上周会议上决定以100亿英镑/季度的速度开始主动出售其资产负债表上的英国国债（这样就使得未来1年其资产负债表缩小800亿英镑）。市场对此次加息解读为鸽派，而其有关QT的决定更是为第二天英国政府推出大规模减税计划之后英国债券的大幅走低埋下了伏笔。新政府推出的《2022经济增长计划》[2] 与BOE的抗通胀目标产生根本分歧（成功压制通胀带来的大概率“副作用”就是抑制经济增长），而大幅减税的计划也使得市场开始怀疑其债务的可持续性：上周五9月23日英国推出的2022增长计划（THE GROWTH PLAN 2022）设定了一个2.5%的GDP增长目标[3] （英国经济上一次达到这个增长水平还是08年金融危机之前的时候）而为了实现这一目标，新任财政大臣Kwasi Kwarteng公布的一系列减税方案的规模（取消45%的最高所得税税率，并将基本税率从20%降至19%，冻结公司税，取消银行家奖金上限，并在未来两年拿出数十亿美元补贴能源账单）预计将在未来五年耗费1610亿英镑。虽然在特拉斯9月初上任初期，市场就对其一直主张的依靠大幅额外政府发债以及削减各项税收来进行财政刺激的政策有所预期（详见《英国新首相上任的汇率影响》）但周五公布的减税计划的巨大规模是自1972年Ted Health担任首相以来最大规模的减税措施。而投资者对当时的预算案导致通胀失控，进而引发英国此后陷入衰退，而之后花费了整整10年时间，才最终以1976年英国求助了IMF外部援助才得以结束依然记忆犹新。更何况，在这一减税计划推出之前，英国就已经面临了一个典型的发展中国家才会面临的“双赤字”难题：即“财政+贸易”赤字达到了2500亿英镑，而单单是后者就已经在今年一季度占比GDP达到1997年以来的最高水平8.3%，而21年这一比例就已经达到102%（图2）。如此大额的减税计划意味着此后英国不得不大规模发债来维持其政府运作（英国需要额外发行620亿英镑国债，图1）而这也使得市场开始对英国政府的债务可持续性产生了担忧，尤其考虑到目前面临严峻的通胀压力，BOE正处于加息周期之中，而这也就使得英国政府的偿债压力进一步加剧。此外更重要的一点是，BOE为了实现其控制通胀的目标而进行大幅收紧货币政策，这样做大概率会带来经济的下行风险，而这就和新政府推出的经济增长计划出现了根本的分歧。在此背景下，资产价格出现了我们看到的走势：英国国债因政府将要扩大发债规模支持财政因而大幅下跌（国债收益率大涨），而英镑并未受到国债收益率上行的支撑，反而因市场担忧BOE理论上可能会配合财政扩张而淡化通胀目标（比如放缓加息）进而承压大幅走低。图表1：英国财政部发债规模 资料来源：UK Debt Management Office、中金公司研究部图表2：英国政府债务占比GDP资料来源：彭博资讯、中金公司研究部后市展望英国央行潜在出面干预的可能性：我们认为，面对当下投资者对英镑的“信心危机”，只有BOE出面才可能放缓英镑下跌的趋势。目前摆在BOE面前的选择如下：本周共有 6位BOE官员会发布讲话（包括上周BOE会上投票加息50基点的3位票委，这其中包括行长Bailey），如果BOE票委表态考虑到最新的财政政策变化，会选择大幅加息或者改变其上周会上作出的缩表决定，那么英国债券市场和英镑的下跌压力将会减少。比起第一个选择，更为有效的做法或许是BOE召开紧急会议并且宣布大幅加息至少100个基点，如此一来一方面会对英镑投机空头形成威震，另一方面将会打消市场对所谓的“财政主导”（BOE放缓加息配合财政扩张）的担忧。鉴于目前货币市场已经预计BOE会在11月之前加息200个基点，显然市场已经开始对此有所预期，而这种情况下BOE出面干预的概率明显加大。理论上，BOE可以选择像BOJ一样直接抛售美元进行外汇干预外汇。不过，考虑到其相对较小的外储规模（毕竟英国只有2100亿英镑左右的外汇储备，况且1992年BOE外汇干预的失败[4] 或许不会使其轻举妄动）在英镑近期继续大幅走低甚至开始挑战平价之前，这种选择的概率或只停留在理论层面。英国央行（BOE）的官方声明未能稳住信心 9月26日盘中，市场对BOE出面干预的预期愈发强烈，英镑也一度自当日亚洲时段“闪跌”低点1.0350反弹至1.0900附近，然而市场的期待等到的只是BOE的官方声明[5] ：“MPC委员会会在下一次计划的会议（即11月的议息会议）上做出全面的考量并且做出相应的决定。”我们认为，这样的一个声明应该不会让英镑空头满意，接下来英镑依旧存在下跌风险。中长期看，特拉斯政府的这一财政刺激计划令外界对于英国政府的财政健康的疑虑加深。在高通胀、高经常项目逆差的宏观组合下，英国政府的高财政赤字有可能会让英国陷入“高通胀->货币贬值->高利率->经济衰退”的恶性循环。在BOE出面之前，我们认为相关的不确定性可能会延续，英镑仍然可能会继续面临较大的压力。衍生品市场看空情绪较为极端或许预示短期的反弹 目前英镑/美元隐含波动率曲线出现明显倒挂（图3），未来3个星期之内的隐含波动率明显升高，而风险反转传达出的看空情绪更是达到了2008年以来的最高水平（图4）。短期内我们不能排除出现short squeeze的可能性（尤其如果BOE出面干预市场），但在市场情绪明显好转之前我们预计英镑依旧在中长期面临较大的波动（9月26号当天1个月期的英镑/美元隐含波动率自2008年以来首次收盘在20%之上）。彭博期权定价模型的推算，年内英镑/美元有60%的概率触及平价（而上周四这一概率只有34%）。从周线级别的走势上看，目前英镑/美元已经跌至2015年以来最为严重的超卖水平，短期反弹的可能性有所加大。周线级别上布林格通道下限和2017年以来的下降趋势线的交点1.0940附近提供近期上方的第一个阻力。而本周一的低点1.0350则提供下方最近的支撑（图5）。图表3：英镑/美元隐含波动率曲线倒挂资料来源：彭博资讯、中金公司研究部图表4：英镑/美元风险反转期权：看空英镑情绪达到08年以来最为拥挤水平资料来源：彭博资讯、中金公司研究部图表5：英镑/美元目前处于严重超卖区域，短期反弹概率有所升高资料来源：彭博资讯、中金公司研究部","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"BOE":1}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2376,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"lives":[]}
