台积电挣的钱，进了谁的腰包？

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台积电挣的钱，进了谁的腰包？

智通财经网2021-07-25

台积电(TSM.US)作为全世界最大、最好的集成电路代工厂，年产能超过1,200万片十二英寸晶圆，2020年占有全球57%的市场代工份额，使用281种不同制程技术为数百家客户生产11,617种不同产品。从1994年上市至今，营收年复合成长率达到17.2%，营业净利年复合成长率16.7%。被称作全球唯一连续20年获选道琼永续发展世界指数的组成企业的半导体公司。台积电是中国台湾最赚钱的企业，那么台积电...

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馒头卡喉咙啦
·2021-07-26
還
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1
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Gary_2165
·2021-07-26
好
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Wishonest
·2021-07-26
未來關鍵支柱企業一定會被老美謀求參股控制，如果不能就打壓
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3
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- hhyw:
  来吧
  2021-07-26
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Youn7276
·2021-07-26
閱！
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9
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落难二世祖
·2021-07-26
絕對不是臺灣
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2
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- 落难二世祖:
  哈哈
  2021-07-26
  Reply
  Report
LXWYCY
·2021-07-26
好
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1
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博雅1594
·2021-07-25
好
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4
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- 博雅1594:
  牛
  2021-07-25
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- LXWYCY:
  [财迷]
  2021-07-26
  Reply
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jinkai
·2021-07-25
很好
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1
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Yukitan
·2021-07-25
Like
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4
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loon0406
·2021-07-25
[笑哭]
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1
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- Dividend Investing:
  good
  2021-07-25
  Reply
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x无牙仔x
·2021-07-25
like like like [微笑] [微笑] [微笑]
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2
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- vun3336:
  like u
  2021-07-25
  Reply
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qingfengye
·2021-07-25
期待中....
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3
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JamesKris
·2021-07-25
[財迷] [財迷]
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1
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富發
·2021-07-25
中芯呢？
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1
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z婷婷
·2021-07-25
[財迷] [財迷] [財迷]
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1
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Gino雨
·2021-07-25
[開心]
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GameKK
·2021-07-25
125 就有點紅包錢?[得意]
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Nicchia
·2021-07-25
?
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2
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蚊香策士
·2021-07-25
老美及歐洲已經視晶元製造為戰備物資，臺積電的前景堪憂！
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- DavidLeeT:
  [微笑]
  2021-07-25
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money?","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ab5fb3fc465b7b3df4bb7db0af7cb7d4","symbols_score_info":{"03145":0.9,"EWT":0.9,"TWmain":0.9,"TSM":0.9},"content_text":"台积电(TSM.US)作为全世界最大、最好的集成电路代工厂，年产能超过1,200万片十二英寸晶圆，2020年占有全球57%的市场代工份额，使用281种不同制程技术为数百家客户生产11,617种不同产品。从1994年上市至今，营收年复合成长率达到17.2%，营业净利年复合成长率16.7%。被称作全球唯一连续20年获选道琼永续发展世界指数的组成企业的半导体公司。台积电是中国台湾最赚钱的企业，那么台积电这些年赚的钱究竟跑到谁的钱包中去了呢？是中国台湾政府，还是中国台湾人，都不是，而是到了外国股东的钱包里去了，尤其是美股的股东。\n创立之初的股东\n台积电的成功离不开张忠谋，但是播下台积电的种子并呵护其成长起来的一些人也功不可没，尤其是早期的股东构成。在《台湾经济再奋发之路》一书中，就有关于台积电成立的故事的介绍，笔者在此简单赘述。\n台积电的成立可以从1974年讲起，那时正发生第一次石油危机，打破了当时旺盛的中国台湾出口生意。当时的行政院长蒋经国做了两件重要的事，一是推动十大建设，二是在1974年初找行政院秘书长费骅来共同商讨下中国台湾是否可以发展新兴科技项目。\n费骅找到当时的电信总局局长方贤齐，而后两人又找到了当时在美国RCA担任研究主任的潘文渊，潘文渊发现当时中国台湾正在如雨后春笋般的发展制电子表、电子计算机工厂，这些工厂都是进口集成电路，而集成电路是所有电子产品的核心零件，如果能制造积体电路，其重要性可想而知。但制造集成电路技术不宜自己研发，因为时间长，花费巨大，可以自国外引进在美国有许多对集成电路技术学有专精的海外学人。于是，潘文渊写了一个“建议中国台湾从美国引进积体电路制造技术”。此事被经济部长孙运璿拍板以后，潘文渊放弃满额的退休金，提前从RCA退休，并邀集了一批华人专家开始讨论技术的方向，最后他们选定了CMOS技术。\n此后政府与RCA签订实训合约，由工研院派出第一批19位年轻的工程师去RCA工厂接受实地训练。这19位里包含了后来担任工研院院长的史钦泰，和后来的联电董事长曹兴诚。1980年，工研院成立联电做技术转移，曹兴诚就在那时转到联电。联电最开始生产电子手表用的积体电路，生意日渐起来。\n1979年，政府又决定在半导体方面再上一个台阶，遂决定发展超大型积体电路（VLSI）。经过孙运璿、李国鼎、徐贤修等的邀请，张忠谋于1984年回台，先担任工研院院长，发展6英寸晶圆技术，此后张忠谋提议将大型集成电路实验工厂移出，成为民营的超大型集成电路公司，为更多电子公司服务也可带动上下游电子公司发展。李国鼎百分百的赞成。\n后来李国鼎带着张忠谋等前往拜访民间台塑等企业大佬，希望资本额超过55亿新台币的一半就可以成为一家真正的民营公司，但结果不理想，民间只投资3500万美元（折合新台币13.3亿），占投资额的24.1%。就在此时，远在荷兰的飞利浦公司得知这一消息后，主动找到李国鼎要投资51%，主导该公司的经营，但是李国鼎表示，欢迎飞利浦的投资，但不能超过投资额的四分之一，主导权应由我方来把控。结果飞利浦争取到了4000万美元（折合新台币15.2亿）的投资，占27.6%。剩下的资金李国鼎要求，赵耀东主持的国发基金及国民党中央投资公司及国营事业等等共同投资7000万美元（折合新台币26.6亿），占48.3％为最大股东。\n1987年2月24日，台积电正式成立，张忠谋担任董事长。国家开发基金、荷兰飞利浦公司，以及台塑等7家中国台湾企业的私人投资，这三大类也成为初期台积电的原始股东。\n现在的股东有哪些？\n经过30多年的更迭，原始股东不断的释股、退出。到2020年，美国的股东逐渐成为了台积电的大股东。\n翻看台积电2020年的财报，可以看到，在前十大股东中，排名第一的是花旗托管台积电存托凭证专户，持股比率为20.52%。第二是行政院国发基金持股比率为6.38%。花旗(中国台湾)商业银行受托保管新加坡政府投资专户持股比例为2.56%，花旗(中国台湾)商业银行受托保管挪威中央银行投资专户持股1.54%，大通托管先进星光先进综合国际股票指数持有1.33%。新制劳工退休基金持股0.92%，富邦人寿保险持有0.95%。美商摩根大通银行台北分行受托保管梵加德新兴市场股票指数基金投资专户持有0.83%，美商摩根大通银行台北分行受托保管景顺欧本汉玛开发中市场基金投资专户持有0.81%，摩根大通银行托管新远景基金公司持有0.8%。\n\n让我们来看下这个股东的属性：第一类是中国台湾政府基金，包括行政院国家发基金和新制劳工退休基金（当年国发基金释股的时候，把一部分基金转卖给了政府劳工退休基金），持股数量总和为7.3％。而剩下的大都是托管，其中托管在花旗银行的花旗托管台积电存托凭证专户高达20.52%，新加坡政府投资持股2.56%，挪威中央银行投资持股1.54％。还有托管在中国台湾的各外资银行花旗银行、摩根大通银行、大通银行的投资基金账户。\n在这里，要着重说明下最大的股东——花旗托管存托凭证，这并不代表花旗银行是台积电最大的股东。花旗银行只是作为投资银行（证券公司）来帮助台积电在美国纽约证券交易所发行的存托凭证（ADR）进行交易和结算。根据美国证券法律的规定，在美国上市的企业注册地必须在美国，美国以外注册的企业，只能采取存托凭证的方式进入美国的资本市场。一份美国存托凭证代表美国以外国家一家企业的若干股份。存券银行作为存托凭证ADR的发行人和市场中介，负责存托凭证的注册和过户，安排存托凭证的保管和清算，以及派发美元红利和利息等。所以托管在花旗银行的花旗托管台积电存托凭证专户高达20.52%，意味着美股投资者总计持股20.54%。\n据中国台湾股市资讯的数据统计，台积电的股权结构里，台积电政府持股6.38%（未把政府劳工退休基金算在内），侨外投资75.8%，本国金融机构持股4.82%，本国法人持股4.2%，本国个人持有8.8%。所以可以看出，外资的股东还是占据大头。尤其是来自美国的机构和个人持股数量也较多，比如美股投资者通过花旗托管存托凭证持有台积电20.54%的股份。\n\n谁是背后的赢家？\n正如上文所说，美股的股东赚走了台积电的大部分钱，台积电78%的获利都被外资拿走了。但是持股34年的、实质单一的最大股东的国发基金（代表政府），也可以说是跟随台积电成功背后最大的赢家。这些年，中国台湾政府不仅收获了半导体的产业部落和高科技人才，也有巨额的税款和股票升值营收。\n\n开发基金系政府依据「奖励投资条例」第84 条规定，于62 年由行政院依特别预算程序设置，并以公营事业移转民营之收入及国库拨款为资金来源，作为支应各项投融资业务之运用。\n在原始股东中，除国发基金至今还保留6.38%股权外，其余股东几乎全数出售，台塑卖的最早，每股17.6元就全数卖掉。飞利浦也逐年不断出股，直到2008年卖掉最后一笔股票，当时平均每股均价57.2元，投资报酬率高达300倍。2020年国发基金盈余包括股利及利息收入约新台币240亿，其中大概有170亿是台积电贡献的。\n国发基金作为台积电创始股东，当时以每股10元投资台积电，投资成本22亿元，目前持有16.5亿股，持股34年，国发基金已经赚了300倍。随着台积电配息配股，目前国发基金持有台积电成本每股仅0.3元。\n虽然一开始国发基金持股48%，但随着这些年不断释股，以增加财政收入，只剩下6.38%。2000年政府持股就只剩12.78%，2009年变成6.73%，2012年变成6.38%直至现在，2014年原欲再次编列释股，因立院强力反对而被挡下在2016年，国发基金就后悔认错不再卖台积电股票，当时已承认以台积电市值大幅成长计算，当时错失的价值高达1.6兆元，但当时台积电股价每股仅190元，去年底股价最高曾来到每股346元，市值近9兆元大关，不仅创历史新高外，更一度挤进全球20强企业。国发会主委龚明鑫此前表示，即使台积电涨到900元，国发基金也不会卖台积电股票。\n不止股票本身的增幅，台积电现金股利也是国发基金重要的一笔，2020年台积电每股发放10元现金股利，以16.5亿持股计算，国发基金共可获得165亿，若加计其他投资事业所得，2020年国发基金总盈余约240亿，今年预计缴库170亿元。\n此外，还有高额的税额，台积电已连续四年登上全台缴税王冠军宝座。根据国税局与企业财报显示，台积电今年申报2020年度营所税，自缴税额约500亿元，年增约66％，占今年全台企业营所税额（4,522亿元）约11％，占比与税额皆为全台企业之冠。前行政院长林全就曾说：好希望中国台湾能有第2家台积电，这绝对是多数国人心声。","kind":"highlight","is_publish_news":false,"is_publish_highlight":true,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1},"commentList":[{"id":177523520,"gmtCreate":1627253891360,"gmtModify":1703485900186,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3576125208282503","authorIdStr":"3576125208282503"},"htmlText":"還","listText":"還","text":"還","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/177523520","repostId":2154939496,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"CN"},{"id":177515973,"gmtCreate":1627251664692,"gmtModify":1703485862882,"author":{"id":"3573541175642474","authorId":"3573541175642474","name":"Gary_2165","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8371d12932de52c9ecb37270871bcf71","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3573541175642474","authorIdStr":"3573541175642474"},"htmlText":"好","listText":"好","text":"好","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/177515973","repostId":2154939496,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"CN"},{"id":177533491,"gmtCreate":1627249347613,"gmtModify":1703485842539,"author":{"id":"3582234586447453","authorId":"3582234586447453","name":"Wishonest","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/172444fe348e722381bd6cf837b52614","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3582234586447453","authorIdStr":"3582234586447453"},"htmlText":"未來關鍵支柱企業一定會被老美謀求參股控制，如果不能就打壓","listText":"未來關鍵支柱企業一定會被老美謀求參股控制，如果不能就打壓","text":"未來關鍵支柱企業一定會被老美謀求參股控制，如果不能就打壓","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":3,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/177533491","repostId":2154939496,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":5327019,"gmtCreate":1627255509846,"gmtModify":1663231477333,"authorId":3561544476596136,"author":{"id":3561544476596136,"idStr":"3561544476596136","authorId":3561544476596136,"name":"hhyw","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/62f8a12108672917c80685184f331b6f","vip":1,"currentWearingBadge":{"badgeId":"972123088c9646f7b6091ae0662215be-3","templateUuid":"972123088c9646f7b6091ae0662215be","name":"Legendary 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