苹果VR产品十年磨一剑，如何把握下一个10年大趋势？

21世纪经济报道2021-09-08

日前，字节跳动收购VR(虚拟现实)创业公司Pico，引发市场对国内VR行业的诸多关注。近日，苹果VR头戴式设备传出最新进展，消息称，苹果VR头显已携手台积电转入试产阶段，并将于2022年发布。此前市场上有关苹果VR头显的爆料已持续多年，但未有任何实质性突破。近一两年，VR行业进展迅速，海外巨头Facebook、Google纷纷布局，而作为科技龙头的苹果，显然不会放弃这一前沿领域的探索。如果苹果...

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Comments

富發
2021-09-08
富發
漲上天吧
Shirley2208
2021-09-08
Shirley2208
????
- Kenwong:
  ?
Starboy166
2021-09-08
Starboy166
不錯
中国ChinaATM
2021-09-08
中国ChinaATM
別搞這些沒用的
Honggs
2021-09-08
Honggs
[強] [強] [強]
龙胆虎威
2021-09-08
龙胆虎威
??
- Qing93:
  ??

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Information独家报道，苹果已经完成三款AR/VR芯片的物理设计工作，均已进入流片阶段，即将迎来试产。\n据知情人士透露，这三款芯片将交由台积电量产，采用5nm制程工艺。其功能主要为无线数据传输功能最佳化、压缩及解压缩影片，并提供最大电池能源效率。\n从性能上看，苹果用于VR头显的SoC(系统级芯片)没有内置AI加速模块，不如iPhone、iPad、Macbook上的SoC强大，缺少人工智能和机器学习能力。但能与手机、电脑或平板电脑等主机设备进行无线通信，故可以将AR/VR头显所需算力转给其他设备承担。\n因此，业内人士预计，搭载此芯片的AR / VR 头戴式设备，将与非蜂窝版 Apple Watch相似，要与iPhone 或其他苹果装置连结，功能才能完整解锁。\n此外，据报道，苹果的CMOS(图像传感器) “异常大”，尺寸接近一个头显镜头，以从用户周围环境中捕捉到高分辨率的图像数据用于AR技术。此前业内媒体预计苹果头显将使用超高分辨率8K显示器，没有任何“纱窗效应”。\n对于科技发烧友来说，最关注的是苹果VR产品的上市时间。\nThe Information预计，苹果VR/AR头显定制芯片至少需要一年时间才能批量生产，所以第一款AR/VR头显最早或于2022年发布，但如果没有达到预期的标准，发布也可能被推迟。\n这与知名苹果分析师天风国际郭明錤此前的预测时间也十分吻合。他此前预测将于2022年第二季度看到苹果“头盔式”头显。\n虽然市场期盼相关产品尽快面市，但当前芯片短缺问题制约着苹果相关产品研发进程。\n知情人士称，台积电一直难以生产出没有缺陷的CMOS图像传感器，试产期间产量很低，如果没有第三方制造出能够处理头显超高分辨率显示的芯片，苹果可能不得不从头开始设计显示驱动程序。这也可能导致产品发布时间进一步推迟。\n02苹果VR十年进阶\n对比海外其他科技大厂，苹果在VR产品的研发上似乎稍显缓慢。\nFacebook在2014年收购Oculus，完成VR设备领域布局，并在2019年推出Facebook Horizon发力VR社交平台。2020年后Oculus一家独大，Oculus Quest2热卖。Google则在2019年上线Stadia布局云游戏，同时通过Youtube VR布局软件和服务。\n根据历史经验，在尖端技术方面，苹果往往会比别的大厂晚几年才出现类似的技术应用。但这并不意味着苹果真的慢人一拍。\n智慧芽Dicsovery数据库显示，早在2010年，苹果收购瑞典面部识别技术公司Polar Rose启动VR布局。2013年，收购了3D感应与动作捕捉技术公司PrimeSense；2015年，收购了面部动作捕捉技术公司Faceshift，以及增强现实初创公司Metaio；2016年，收购了面部表情AI分析公司Emotient和AR社交软件Flyby Media；2017年，收购了混合现实技术提供商Vrvana；2020年，收购了虚拟现实公司Next VR。\n\n(图：苹果公司并购动作时间轴数据来源：智慧芽)\n在技术储备方面，苹果早在二十年前就有VR相关的专利布局，主要的专利申请集中在近10年。\n据智慧芽全球专利数据库资料，截至最新，苹果及其关联公司在全球126个国家/地区中，共有5056件与“AR”“VR”直接相关的已公开专利申请，其中，发明专利占比超过97 %。\n从2017年起，苹果在这一领域的专利申请数量陡然上升，且此后年专利申请量均维持在600件以上。\n\n(图：苹果公司VR相关专利申请趋势数据来源：智慧芽)\n多位VR从业人员向21世纪资本研究院表示，VR/AR行业投资曾有过一段高潮期，但在2017年之后陷入低谷。\n据21世纪资本研究院统计，大致在2012-2017年，行业出现一系列标志性事件，包括OculusRift在Kickstarter众筹成功，后又被Facebook以20亿的天价收购。三星、索尼、HTC、Google等相继推出VR产品。在此期间，行业出现过热。\n2017年到2020年，在市场的过高期待下，主流的移动VR产品却出现体验不佳、主机VR价格高，内容匮乏等情况，使得消费市场一直没有实现真正爆发，VR行业由此陷入低谷期。\n有意思的是，从上述苹果专利申请的步伐来看，在VR大热的时候，苹果保持了相对冷静的态度，恰是在行业低谷期进行了快速布局。\n03大趋势中的产业机会\n21世纪资本研究院在此前文章中指出，2020年至今，VR行业复苏的迹象十分明显。随着Quest2的发布，叠加VR游戏大作的出现，VR行业市场前景乐观。\n就A股相关标的来看，宝通科技的AR/VR/MR智能眼镜和软件平台是其主要业务之一。完美世界、吉比特、电魂网络等公司纷纷加强在沙盒游戏(“虚拟现实”游戏的一种)赛道上的布局。\n(相关报道《“元宇宙”火了字节跳动收购歌尔股份关联方Pico 国内VR产业链终于等到风来？》)\n如果结合苹果VR业务的前景，相关产业链机会或集中在硬件领域，尤其是光学镜头等方面。\n郭明錤在今年3月发布的报告中指出，MR(Mixed reality) /AR (Augment reality) 将是下一个定义电子产品的创新人机介面的关键技术，MR/AR将提供创新视觉体验并重新定义人类创造、处理与接收资讯的行为，这也是Apple高度投入MR/AR的原因。\n感觉他的预测，Apple的MR/AR产品蓝图分为3个阶段，分别是2022年的头盔式 (Helmet type) 产品、2025年的眼镜式 (Glasses type) 产品、与2030–2040年的隐形眼镜式(Contact lens type) 产品。\n其中，头盔式产品将透过配备的Sony提供的Micro-OLED显示屏与数个光学模组，提供影像穿透式 (Video see-through) 的AR体验。眼镜式产品可能将采用Apple独自开发、类似光波导 (Wave guide) 的技术提供光学穿透式 (Optical see-through) 的AR体验。\n21世纪资本研究院认为，随着苹果相关产品的面市，对光学零组件的需求将增加，最直接受益的将是苹果产业链上的光学标的。同时在苹果的带动下，国内厂商也将加码该领域。\n以下是光学领域相关标的：\n舜宇光学科技是手机、车载镜头模组领域龙头，手机模组的主要配件是手机镜头，已成为舜宇第二大增长板块。据产业链消息，苹果拟引入舜宇作为供应商。\n联创电子(公司专门从事各类光学镜片、镜头、影像模组的研发和生产，今年上半年，公司光学车载镜头及模组业务增速超3倍。公司近日在投资者互动平台表示，目前未跟苹果公司合作。\n韦尔股份是CMOS图像传感器龙头，前述苹果遇到的VR技术瓶颈，正是在这一环节。\n水晶光电光学板块的主要产品为红外截止滤光片、生物识别滤光片板，相关产品有应用在苹果。公司提到在AR 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