攻占美日，中国电池将磷酸铁锂捧上电车顶流

华尔街见闻2023-03-05

在中国广受欢迎的磷酸铁锂电池，正逐渐在美国和日本的汽车市场扩大份额。随着纯电动汽车在全球汽车市场的份额逐渐攀升，磷酸铁锂电池也逐渐进入人们的视野并成为焦点。磷酸铁锂电池具有价格低廉、安全性高的优点，还通过技术提升改进了电池容量，从而延长了原本的续航里程，近年来十分受车企的青睐。咨询公司 Adamas Intelligence 的研究显示，去年，磷酸铁锂电池技术占中国销售电动汽车电池容量的一半左右；...

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Helen1229
2023-03-06
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2023-03-05
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2023-03-05
liuxiangwei
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也预计，美国对磷酸铁锂电池的需求将不断增长。该公司计划于2024年底在亚利桑那州开设的工厂将有两条装配线，一条用于主流锂离子电池之一——镍锰钴（NMC），另一条用于磷酸铁锂电池。美国汽车制造商特斯拉和福特汽车等也正在推进采用磷酸铁锂电池。上个月，宁德时代和福特汽车同时宣布，双方将在美国密歇根州新建动力电池工厂合作生产磷酸铁锂电池，新工厂投资高达35亿美元。宁德时代将为其生产提供技术与服务支持，就电池专利技术进行许可；福特工程师将会负责电芯与整车集成工作，部分设备来自中国。通用汽车的一位高管在2月份表示，该公司也正在探索使用磷酸铁锂电池来降低成本的可能性。磷酸铁锂电池进军日本车市据日媒报道，2月3日，日本冈山县启动了新建日本最大规模蓄电池工厂的计划，预定2024年投产，蓄电池年产能为5吉瓦时（1吉瓦为10亿瓦），可储存45万户家庭一天的用电量。主导该项目的是2021年成立的可再生能源初创企业 PowerX（位于东京都港区）。作为原动力，PowerX 将目光投向了磷酸铁锂电池，而不是目前固定型蓄电池的主流产品——使用钴或镍的三元锂电池。该公司将使用新工厂量产的固定型磷酸铁锂电池，力争2030年前在日本建设7000处纯电动汽车充电设备。中国企业加速扩张数据显示，在作为主战场的车载用电池领域，中国企业占据压倒性优势。韩国SNE调查的数据显示，在2022年1至11月车载电池使用量上，排在第一的是宁德时代，第二位是比亚迪，前两位都被中国企业占据。全球份额前十的企业中，中国企业有6家，总份额超过6成。与此同时，中国在电动汽车市场的扩张速度方面也领跑全球其他国家。2010年以后，中国向纯电动汽车等新能源汽车发放补贴，在电池工厂的选址等方面也提供优惠，电池产业加快扩大。在磷酸铁锂电池的技术革新方面，一马当先的也是全球最大的车载电池企业——中国的宁德时代。2022年7月，宁德时代首席科学家吴凯表示，该公司的电池充电一次可以使纯电动汽车续航700公里以上。宁德时代将于2023年推出由磷酸铁锂电池改进而来的“M3P”电池。续航距离可超过日产汽车的“Leaf”等主要纯电动汽车。为什么是磷酸铁锂电池？磷酸铁锂电池是锂离子电池的一种形式，是使用锂、铁、磷的“无钴”电池。美国目前销售的电动汽车电池主要是镍锰钴NMC或镍钴铝（NCA）这种主流锂离子电池。在此之前，磷酸铁锂电池在美国一直不太受欢迎，因为它的续航能力比NMC等电池更差，但在性能大幅下降之前可以充电更多次。Lux Research 首席电池分析师 Chloe Herrera 说，对于美国司机来说，续航能力被视为太重要了，不能为了价格而牺牲它：“在美国电池行业，如果你在四年前与任何人交谈，没有人会建议你在汽车上使用磷酸铁锂电池。”而推动美国对磷酸铁锂技术产生新兴趣的一个因素是，富镍电池的成本远高于磷酸铁锂电池技术。随着电动汽车销量的增长，镍和钴等稀有金属的成本也在上升。在过去三年里，镍的价格翻了一倍多；一年前俄乌冲突爆发时，镍价也大幅飙升。而另一边，世界上大部分的钴都是在刚果民主共和国开采的，那里工作条件十分恶劣。在2020年至2022年期间，钴价也大幅上涨，然后才回落至大约三年前的水平。作为典型的“无钴电池”，磷酸铁锂电池的优势可见一斑。随着专利到期，磷酸铁锂电池技术的价格在美国也变得更加低廉。此外，在联邦政府补贴的推动下，公共充电站的普及将会加速，可能会减少司机对电池续航能力的担忧。从安全性上来看，磷酸铁锂电池也比富镍电池更不容易着火。风险提示及免责条款市场有风险，投资需谨慎。本文不构成个人投资建议，也未考虑到个别用户特殊的投资目标、财务状况或需要。用户应考虑本文中的任何意见、观点或结论是否符合其特定状况。据此投资，责任自负。","kind":null,"is_publish_news":false,"is_publish_highlight":true,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1},"commentList":[{"id":9940520999,"gmtCreate":1678058364212,"gmtModify":1678058368579,"author":{"id":"4134535232910632","authorId":"4134535232910632","name":"Helen1229","avatar":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/413682873a16a9bab2e23bd3b7a595b2","vip":1,"crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"authorIdStr":"4134535232910632","idStr":"4134535232910632"},"htmlText":"👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻","listText":"👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻","text":"👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9940520999","repostId":2317151532,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":9940520038,"gmtCreate":1678058355024,"gmtModify":1678058360010,"author":{"id":"4134535232910632","authorId":"4134535232910632","name":"Helen1229","avatar":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/413682873a16a9bab2e23bd3b7a595b2","vip":1,"crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"authorIdStr":"4134535232910632","idStr":"4134535232910632"},"htmlText":"👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻","listText":"👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻","text":"👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9940520038","repostId":2317151532,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":9940564012,"gmtCreate":1678057136737,"gmtModify":1678057140559,"author":{"id":"3583105234087115","authorId":"3583105234087115","name":"BenWong78","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ab93ce829c1388a21eb1da2c92d221ae","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"authorIdStr":"3583105234087115","idStr":"3583105234087115"},"htmlText":"😳","listText":"😳","text":"😳","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9940564012","repostId":2317151532,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":9940583081,"gmtCreate":1678033537043,"gmtModify":1678033540650,"author":{"id":"3567334721242358","authorId":"3567334721242358","name":"MyKhoo","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/71f130b587a20deffeafc3a3dd2f3d5b","vip":1,"hat":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4c5ceab71416b120bab4604c0754b52a","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"authorIdStr":"3567334721242358","idStr":"3567334721242358"},"htmlText":"K","listText":"K","text":"K","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9940583081","repostId":2317151532,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":9940534963,"gmtCreate":1678026796252,"gmtModify":1678026800322,"author":{"id":"3582685386479633","authorId":"3582685386479633","name":"Mingzu","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c629c36c53878360c505d837193f9e79","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"authorIdStr":"3582685386479633","idStr":"3582685386479633"},"htmlText":"[微笑]&nbsp;","listText":"[微笑]&nbsp;","text":"[微笑]","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9940534963","repostId":2317151532,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":105954962,"gmtCreate":1678026804677,"gmtModify":1678026808020,"authorId":3582685386479633,"author":{"id":3582685386479633,"idStr":"3582685386479633","authorId":3582685386479633,"name":"Mingzu","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c629c36c53878360c505d837193f9e79","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":9940534963,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"<span 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