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洞幽烛远
2025-05-21
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2021-08-07
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Economic Daily: Regulation "patches" and declines real estate speculators
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2021-07-03
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2021-06-29
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11:28","market":"sh","language":"zh","title":"Economic Daily: Regulation \"patches\" and declines real estate speculators","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1109676905","media":"经济日报","summary":"各地调控措施还在密集出台，不断“打补丁”“堵漏洞”。其原因在于一些城市依然面临房价和地价增长过快、市场预期不稳的状况。这对幻想房价过快上涨的炒房客们是持续的威慑。\n\n楼市调控持续加码。仅8月5日一天，","content":"<p>Local control measures are still being intensively introduced, constantly \"patching\" and \"plugging loopholes\". The reason is that some cities still face the situation of excessive growth of house prices and land prices and unstable market expectations. This is a continuous deterrent to real estate speculators who imagine that house prices will rise too fast. The regulation of the property market continues to increase.<b>On August 5 alone, Hangzhou, Beijing, and Chengdu introduced new regulations on real estate regulation</b>。</p><p><b>Hangzhou has further raised the threshold for purchasing houses</b>。 The new measures are clear. If you have obtained Hangzhou hukou for less than 5 years, you need to pay two years of social security, and you can buy a house in the restricted area; The requirement of \"non-household registration +4-year social security\" makes it more difficult for non-Hangzhou household registration buyers to buy a house. Hangzhou's new regulations raise the threshold for purchasing houses, aiming at cracking down on short-term investors. In addition, Hangzhou also stipulates that the houses with low lottery winning rate of new houses should be sorted according to the number of months of social security payment, which aims to prevent too many buyers from getting together to snap up.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/98d5061e381a588a0b72f0c700d4c53c\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"699\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At the same time,<b>Chengdu includes donated housing in the total number of donee family housing units to review house purchase qualifications</b>。 In other words, the loophole of avoiding purchase restriction through gifts has been completely blocked.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/251b49b66315bacb1edb0024546db0d8\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"717\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p><b>Beijing's regulations are more targeted, directly focusing regulation on cracking down on the qualification of purchasing houses through \"fake divorce\"</b>。 The new regulations clarify that if a husband and wife divorce, and the number of housing units owned by the original family before divorce does not meet the purchase restriction policy of commercial housing, neither party may purchase commercial housing within 3 years from the date of divorce. In recent years, in some hot cities, due to the continuous tightening of the purchase restriction policy, some people have racked their brains in order to obtain the qualification to buy houses. In order to avoid the purchase restriction, get the qualification to buy a house again, and enjoy the low down payment and low loan interest rate for buying the first house, some families even choose to divorce and buy a house again. Beijing's new regulations make it more difficult to buy a house through \"fake divorce\", which is conducive to plugging the loopholes of \"fake divorce\" real estate speculation.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/54b84384c49789d1fc5e6ac49f40f066\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"497\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Local control measures are still being intensively introduced, constantly \"patching\" and \"plugging loopholes\". The reason is that some cities still face the situation of excessive growth of house prices and land prices and unstable market expectations.<b>The constant regulation measures are a continued deterrent to speculators who still have illusions about the rapid rise in housing prices</b>。</p><p>If the false fire is not extinguished, the regulation of the property market needs to keep high pressure, and more importantly, long-term policies that are continuously and stably implemented are needed, so that buyers can have more stable expectations for the trend of house prices and the timing of house purchase.<b>Intensive regulation measures show that local governments, which are responsible for real estate regulation, are increasing their initiative and enthusiasm in implementing property market regulation</b>。 Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has interviewed local governments many times and included these cities in the list of key cities for real estate market monitoring. For local governments, the positioning of \"housing is for living, not for speculation\" and \"not using real estate as a short-term means to stimulate the economy\" should always be adhered to.</p><p>The meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a few days ago emphasized that it is necessary to adhere to the positioning that houses are for living, not for speculation, stabilize land prices, housing prices and expectations, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. Since my country proposed the establishment of a long-term mechanism for real estate, remarkable results have been achieved in stabilizing land prices, housing prices, and expectations, indicating that the measures taken are in line with the laws of market development and are accurate and effective. When individual cities show signs of overheating, it is necessary to decisively strengthen the regulation and supervision of the real estate market. Fortunately,<b>The \"tools\" for regulating the real estate market are constantly enriching, and a series of measures such as land, finance, administrative measures, market rectification, fiscal and taxation are forming a strong synergy</b>。 It is believed that with the establishment and improvement of the long-term mechanism of real estate, the real estate market will usher in a good situation of healthier development.</p>","source":"lsy1597656426531","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Economic Daily: Regulation \"patches\" and declines real estate speculators</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nEconomic Daily: Regulation \"patches\" and declines real estate speculators\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">经济日报</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-08-07 11:28</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>Local control measures are still being intensively introduced, constantly \"patching\" and \"plugging loopholes\". The reason is that some cities still face the situation of excessive growth of house prices and land prices and unstable market expectations. This is a continuous deterrent to real estate speculators who imagine that house prices will rise too fast. The regulation of the property market continues to increase.<b>On August 5 alone, Hangzhou, Beijing, and Chengdu introduced new regulations on real estate regulation</b>。</p><p><b>Hangzhou has further raised the threshold for purchasing houses</b>。 The new measures are clear. If you have obtained Hangzhou hukou for less than 5 years, you need to pay two years of social security, and you can buy a house in the restricted area; The requirement of \"non-household registration +4-year social security\" makes it more difficult for non-Hangzhou household registration buyers to buy a house. Hangzhou's new regulations raise the threshold for purchasing houses, aiming at cracking down on short-term investors. In addition, Hangzhou also stipulates that the houses with low lottery winning rate of new houses should be sorted according to the number of months of social security payment, which aims to prevent too many buyers from getting together to snap up.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/98d5061e381a588a0b72f0c700d4c53c\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"699\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At the same time,<b>Chengdu includes donated housing in the total number of donee family housing units to review house purchase qualifications</b>。 In other words, the loophole of avoiding purchase restriction through gifts has been completely blocked.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/251b49b66315bacb1edb0024546db0d8\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"717\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p><b>Beijing's regulations are more targeted, directly focusing regulation on cracking down on the qualification of purchasing houses through \"fake divorce\"</b>。 The new regulations clarify that if a husband and wife divorce, and the number of housing units owned by the original family before divorce does not meet the purchase restriction policy of commercial housing, neither party may purchase commercial housing within 3 years from the date of divorce. In recent years, in some hot cities, due to the continuous tightening of the purchase restriction policy, some people have racked their brains in order to obtain the qualification to buy houses. In order to avoid the purchase restriction, get the qualification to buy a house again, and enjoy the low down payment and low loan interest rate for buying the first house, some families even choose to divorce and buy a house again. Beijing's new regulations make it more difficult to buy a house through \"fake divorce\", which is conducive to plugging the loopholes of \"fake divorce\" real estate speculation.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/54b84384c49789d1fc5e6ac49f40f066\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"497\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Local control measures are still being intensively introduced, constantly \"patching\" and \"plugging loopholes\". The reason is that some cities still face the situation of excessive growth of house prices and land prices and unstable market expectations.<b>The constant regulation measures are a continued deterrent to speculators who still have illusions about the rapid rise in housing prices</b>。</p><p>If the false fire is not extinguished, the regulation of the property market needs to keep high pressure, and more importantly, long-term policies that are continuously and stably implemented are needed, so that buyers can have more stable expectations for the trend of house prices and the timing of house purchase.<b>Intensive regulation measures show that local governments, which are responsible for real estate regulation, are increasing their initiative and enthusiasm in implementing property market regulation</b>。 Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has interviewed local governments many times and included these cities in the list of key cities for real estate market monitoring. For local governments, the positioning of \"housing is for living, not for speculation\" and \"not using real estate as a short-term means to stimulate the economy\" should always be adhered to.</p><p>The meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a few days ago emphasized that it is necessary to adhere to the positioning that houses are for living, not for speculation, stabilize land prices, housing prices and expectations, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. Since my country proposed the establishment of a long-term mechanism for real estate, remarkable results have been achieved in stabilizing land prices, housing prices, and expectations, indicating that the measures taken are in line with the laws of market development and are accurate and effective. When individual cities show signs of overheating, it is necessary to decisively strengthen the regulation and supervision of the real estate market. Fortunately,<b>The \"tools\" for regulating the real estate market are constantly enriching, and a series of measures such as land, finance, administrative measures, market rectification, fiscal and taxation are forming a strong synergy</b>。 It is believed that with the establishment and improvement of the long-term mechanism of real estate, the real estate market will usher in a good situation of healthier development.</p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://www.gelonghui.com/p/479661\">经济日报</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c3c5822c22b6cfd1d0ae2625b7bc085e","relate_stocks":{"09979":"绿城管理控股"},"source_url":"https://www.gelonghui.com/p/479661","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1109676905","content_text":"各地调控措施还在密集出台，不断“打补丁”“堵漏洞”。其原因在于一些城市依然面临房价和地价增长过快、市场预期不稳的状况。这对幻想房价过快上涨的炒房客们是持续的威慑。\n\n楼市调控持续加码。仅8月5日一天，就有杭州、北京、成都三城推出房地产调控新规。\n杭州进一步抬高了购房门槛。新举措明确，取得杭州户口未满5年，需缴纳两年社保，可在限购区域购买一套住房；“非户籍+4年社保”的要求让非杭州户籍购房者买房难度加大。杭州调控新规抬高购房门槛目的在于打击短期投资客。此外，杭州还规定新房摇号中签率低的房源，按照社保缴纳月数依次排序，此举旨在避免过多购房者扎堆抢购。\n\n与此同时，成都将赠与住房计入受赠人家庭住房总套数审核购房资格。也就是说，通过赠与方式规避限购的漏洞被彻底堵住了。\n\n而北京的规定更具针对性，直接将调控重点放在打击通过“假离婚”获取购房资格上。新规明确，夫妻离异的，原家庭在离异前拥有住房套数不符合商品住房限购政策规定的，自离异之日起3年内，任何一方均不得购买商品住房。近年来，在一些热点城市，由于限购政策不断收紧，一些人为了获取购房资格，可谓绞尽脑汁。为避开限购，获得再购房的资格，以及享受购买首套住房的低首付款和低贷款利率，一些家庭甚至选择离婚再购房。北京新规让通过“假离婚”进行购房的难度加大，有利于封堵“假离婚”炒房漏洞。\n\n各地调控措施还在密集出台，不断“打补丁”“堵漏洞”。其原因在于一些城市依然面临房价和地价增长过快、市场预期不稳的状况。不断出台的调控措施对于那些依然对房价过快上涨抱有幻想的炒房客们是持续的威慑。\n虚火不灭，楼市调控就需保持高压，更需持续且稳定执行的长效政策，以便购房者对房价走势、购房时点有更稳定的预期。密集出台的调控措施表明，对房地产调控负有主体责任的地方政府，实施楼市调控的主动性和积极性都在增加。今年以来，住房和城乡建设部已多次约谈地方政府，并将这些城市纳入房地产市场监测重点城市名单。对于地方政府而言，“房住不炒”及“不将房地产作为短期刺激经济的手段”的定位应始终坚持。\n日前召开的中央政治局会议强调，要坚持房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的定位，稳地价、稳房价、稳预期，促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。我国提出建立房地产长效机制以来，稳地价、稳房价、稳预期取得明显成效，表明采取的措施符合市场发展规律，精准有效。当个别城市出现过热苗头，须果断加大房地产市场调控力度和监管力度。可喜的是，房地产市场调控的“工具”在不断丰富，土地、金融、行政措施、市场整顿、财税等一系列措施，正在形成强大合力。相信随着房地产长效机制建立和完善，房地产市场将迎来更加健康发展的良好局面。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"09979":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2832,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":152958607,"gmtCreate":1625265952809,"gmtModify":1703739508025,"author":{"id":"3568614602734225","authorId":"3568614602734225","name":"洞幽烛远","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0e72968722642d797ced5fcb63f2fec1","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3568614602734225","authorIdStr":"3568614602734225"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Ok","listText":"Ok","text":"Ok","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/152958607","repostId":"2148808400","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"2148808400","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1625238620,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/2148808400?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-07-02 23:10","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"From the Tesla recall, a peek into the true face of OTA car evolution","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2148808400","media":"脑极体","summary":"特斯拉在科技圈中，是个有话题有热点的黑网红，曝出来的永远都是各种控制系统失控出车祸的新闻，这不最近又闯祸了。近日消息，特斯拉召回部分进口和国产Model 3、国产Model Y电动汽车，共计28552","content":"<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSLA\">Tesla</a>In the science and technology circle, it is a black online celebrity with topics and hot spots. What is exposed is always the news that various control systems are out of control and have car accidents, which has caused trouble again recently. Recently, Tesla recalled some imported and domestic Model 3 and domestic Model Y electric vehicles, totaling 285,520 vehicles. The main reason for the recall is that the vehicle has potential safety hazards of active cruise control system, which can easily cause the driver to incorrectly activate the active cruise function when turning or in D gear, which may lead to a sudden increase in vehicle speed and a collision in extreme cases.</p><p>It looks very scary, after all, it is related to the safety of the car. Tesla's large-scale recall this time is not a way to physically return the car to the factory, but through the technology of remotely upgrading OTA by the car, users can complete the online upgrade without going to the store. Can the seemingly serious security hazard be solved by simply updating the OTA upgrade security package? This recall method, without the follow-up routine safety test of the car factory, always feels uneasy, and even makes people have doubts about the safety of OTA technology itself. So are OTA systems safe at all? To answer this question, start with what is an OTA car.</p><p><b>What exactly is an OTA car?</b></p><p>The full name of OTA is \"Over-The-Air\", that is, Over-The-Air download technology (remote upgrade technology), which is a technology that downloads data packets through wireless networks to update The system and improve terminal functions and services. Our computers and mobile phones also use this OTA technology when updating the system. The purpose of OTA system upgrade is to repair system vulnerabilities, optimize and improve to obtain more functions, improve performance, or improve visual effects. Moreover, this update is to detect, match versions online after networking, download new code locally, and then perform installation, verification and other procedures.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/404652f159ffcb9982e091e353fdade0\" tg-width=\"868\" tg-height=\"538\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>The earliest car that OTA technology was applied to was the ModeL S launched by Tesla in 2012. The content update scope included human-computer interaction, autonomous driving, power battery system and other modules. At that time, Tesla could complete key card loopholes, improve cruising range, increase top speed and improve riding comfort through OTA.</p><p>Automotive OTA technology can be divided into SOTA (Software OTA, over-the-air upgrade of Software) and FOTA (Firmware OTA, over-the-air upgrade of Firmware), that is, whole vehicle OTA, according to the difference of upgraded Firmware. Among them, SOTA can only update the software of vehicle application layer, only software such as vehicle machine and infotainment, and has almost no hardware scheduling capability. It is less difficult for car companies to realize it. Most OTA cars that are often publicized on the market only have SOTA technology. FOTA is to upgrade the system layer of the vehicle controller, which affects the power system, battery management and other systems of the vehicle. For example, the software of OS layer can be updated to the underlying systems such as chassis, power and ADAS.</p><p>The main difference between cars equipped with OTA technology and traditional cars is that in terms of performance, cars equipped with OTA technology realize richer functions. Generally speaking, they realize functions from these aspects: they can fix system bugs, update drivers, optimize UI interface, delete problematic apps, upgrade large versions, etc. Most automotive OTAs generally introduce online system updates for entertainment systems, navigation, etc.</p><p>Secondly, when the vehicle encounters software failure or needs to be updated, the traditional car needs to drive the car to a 4S shop to be repaired by a professional computer, which consumes time and energy, while the car equipped with OTA technology can complete the vehicle upgrade and repair the problem without leaving home, saving cost and time. For example, OTA cars can update the ECU software of the car. ECU is an electronic controller of an automobile. Generally speaking, it is the brain of a car. When a new car leaves the factory, its power will not be fully exerted, and it usually leaves some room for improvement. Brushing the ECU means coding the ECU on the basis that the original engine can bear it through some technical means to achieve the purpose of increasing horsepower or torque. Traditional cars need to use the original technology to brush the ECU, and OTA cars can upgrade this ability online.</p><p>From the above description, it can be seen that the functions and convenience of vehicles equipped with OTA technology are exciting and favored. However, because OTA technology itself involves the physical performance of vehicles, such as ECU changes, battery performance changes, and vehicle software experience functions, some reefs may be touched.</p><p><b>OTA cars are a double-edged sword</b></p><p>Judging from the conservative choices of traditional car companies, there is a reason why everyone has not accepted these wonderful experiences according to the order, and there is a reason why they are not so keen to carry them. OTA cars are also double-edged swords.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b9e367c30b535b8c2a265e8ccd88751a\" tg-width=\"1000\" tg-height=\"616\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>First of all, because of the mature R&D cycle and stable enterprise structure of traditional automobiles, there are too many newly matched components needed to realize OTA, and the cost of changing the production line and enterprise structure is too high. These new components need to be tested at high cost. Automobile manufacturers will not integrate a bunch of untested \"semi-finished products\" to the market, which will affect the safety of life and property.</p><p>From the analysis of technical reasons, it is mainly related to the structure of traditional cars. Traditional cars are purely mechanical structures, and the power unit is very complicated. The calibration of parameters such as fuel injection, braking system, shift logic, steering ratio and suspension style needs to be debugged and tested by engineers for tens of millions of times to achieve the best safety state before they can leave the factory. Rebuilding OTA becomes unstable for the power output and destroys the balanced parameter setting.</p><p>In addition to the security risks of physical hardware devices, OTA technology is at risk of being attacked by hackers during the remote upgrade process. In the process of downloading the car upgrade package, hackers can use network means to send the virus upgrade package to the vehicle, and then modify the system, remote control, and extort money. If some extreme weather or unstable environmental network is encountered, it will also lead to vulnerabilities in the upgrade package, which will cause the vehicle upgrade to fail.</p><p>We can see that OTA technology needs a lot of security tests in the matching of physical device components itself, as well as the protocol and design process. No matter which link of the link coupling between software and hardware devices has hidden dangers, it is a matter of life and death for the safety of enterprises and vehicles, and it can't be a child's play. Take the recall of Tesla cars as an example. For the operation of ACC adaptive cruise control, the conventional design scheme of car companies is to use button or independent lever operation to turn on the adaptive cruise function. However, Tesla is prone to misoperation when using the adaptive cruise control function, which is a design logic defect. Tesla's solution is to raise the threshold of activating active cruise, and add reminders of its activation and exit to avoid the possibility of accidental touch again.</p><p>If the logic setting of a small function is wrong, it will also bring unrestorable results. For safety issues, it can't be assumed that everyone is cautious and does not have a short circuit in the brain. It is not uncommon to pay attention to news recalls related to vehicles. For software failures, OTA can solve some failures through upgrading, but whether it will bring new problems will also be an urgent problem to be solved. It can be seen that OTA technology is a double-edged sword for car companies, and it is meaningless to discuss whether it is absolutely safe. The intelligent road of OTA cars will not be achieved overnight, and some system flaws will take time to gradually iterate and optimize. After all, no product is perfect at the beginning of design.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e094f51a71e4d181f644eb1da3c657c5\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"643\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At present, the development trend of the whole market is that car companies are gradually embracing OTA technology, and they will not stop eating due to local restrictions. OTA technology is becoming the standard of smart cars, and its technology penetration rate has increased significantly. According to data, 30% of vehicles sold worldwide in 2020 had OTA capabilities. It will rise to 79% by 2025. According to the data released by Gaogong Intelligent Automobile Research Institute, the OTA loading rate of new cars in the Chinese market has reached 22.42% in 2020, and it is expected to increase to 35-40% this year.</p><p>Although many car companies work hard to market OTA upgrade technology at the press conference, there are also many people swimming naked. Most car companies still stay at the level of SOTA upgrade, that is, the function upgrade at the level of entertainment interaction. There are only a handful of car companies that can carry out OTA upgrade of the whole vehicle. At present, Tesla, Ideal, XPeng, and other upstarts have OTA capabilities for the whole vehicle. The upgrade of OTA for the whole vehicle is a very obvious sign that smart cars are different from traditional cars. From the perspective of the development history of OTA automobiles, the demand for OTA in the automobile industry is gradually developing from component level, vehicle level and enterprise level to industry ecological level. Traditional car companies such as BMW, Volkswagen and SAIC-GM have actively reformed and restructured their electronic architectures in this big change to realize OTA of the whole vehicle.</p><p><b>The road to the big test in the future of OTA cars</b></p><p>Nowadays, most car companies can achieve OTA of car-machine entertainment system, that is, SOTA, but the real hard nut is the whole vehicle FOTA. Because it involves the electronic architecture, hardware configuration and software self-research capability of vehicle manufacturers on new vehicles. The electronic controller needs to be deeply integrated with the update mechanism of the device, in what state the vehicle is flashed, and how to ensure the stability and safety of the update process. These implementation difficulties should be considered. For example, ECUs (automotive electronic control components) of automobile internal components are hundreds in the architecture of the whole vehicle, which are connected in different communication networks. Each network has different data transmission protocols, which is more complicated. The more controllers are upgraded, the more difficult it is to double the network communication topology protocol. OTA suppliers need to have a clear understanding of the characteristics of each communication line to efficiently realize software upgrade.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5529364f1b506bceb17619a2c75f3112\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"600\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>In terms of information security, OTA data transmission has the potential risk of being counterfeited, stolen and attacked. During the communication process, it will be held hostage and tampered with by malicious hackers, which may lead to abnormal vehicle operation, privacy leakage, financial and even life safety threats. It is particularly important to safeguard the safety upgrade road of OTA vehicles. OTA automobile manufacturers need to build a well-designed identification key technology architecture, and the verification mechanism and upgrade conditions need to be controlled in both directions to ensure the information security system integrating end and cloud.</p><p>The realization of OTA vehicle functions relies on the development of gateway protocol, network security, continuous development of computing algorithm technology and other capabilities. Although electronic modules and software technology are developed in coordination and applied more and more in the whole vehicle, the technology is still not mature to the stage of widely recognized by the society. The development road of smart cars is long and long, and there is still a lot of room for update and improvement. The optimization of OTA vehicle functions and the differentiation of services need to evolve simultaneously. Fortunately, we will witness the surprises brought by OTA cars together.</p>","source":"lsy1577414888172","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>From the Tesla recall, a peek into the true face of OTA car evolution</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nFrom the Tesla recall, a peek into the true face of OTA car evolution\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">脑极体</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-07-02 23:10</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSLA\">Tesla</a>In the science and technology circle, it is a black online celebrity with topics and hot spots. What is exposed is always the news that various control systems are out of control and have car accidents, which has caused trouble again recently. Recently, Tesla recalled some imported and domestic Model 3 and domestic Model Y electric vehicles, totaling 285,520 vehicles. The main reason for the recall is that the vehicle has potential safety hazards of active cruise control system, which can easily cause the driver to incorrectly activate the active cruise function when turning or in D gear, which may lead to a sudden increase in vehicle speed and a collision in extreme cases.</p><p>It looks very scary, after all, it is related to the safety of the car. Tesla's large-scale recall this time is not a way to physically return the car to the factory, but through the technology of remotely upgrading OTA by the car, users can complete the online upgrade without going to the store. Can the seemingly serious security hazard be solved by simply updating the OTA upgrade security package? This recall method, without the follow-up routine safety test of the car factory, always feels uneasy, and even makes people have doubts about the safety of OTA technology itself. So are OTA systems safe at all? To answer this question, start with what is an OTA car.</p><p><b>What exactly is an OTA car?</b></p><p>The full name of OTA is \"Over-The-Air\", that is, Over-The-Air download technology (remote upgrade technology), which is a technology that downloads data packets through wireless networks to update The system and improve terminal functions and services. Our computers and mobile phones also use this OTA technology when updating the system. The purpose of OTA system upgrade is to repair system vulnerabilities, optimize and improve to obtain more functions, improve performance, or improve visual effects. Moreover, this update is to detect, match versions online after networking, download new code locally, and then perform installation, verification and other procedures.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/404652f159ffcb9982e091e353fdade0\" tg-width=\"868\" tg-height=\"538\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>The earliest car that OTA technology was applied to was the ModeL S launched by Tesla in 2012. The content update scope included human-computer interaction, autonomous driving, power battery system and other modules. At that time, Tesla could complete key card loopholes, improve cruising range, increase top speed and improve riding comfort through OTA.</p><p>Automotive OTA technology can be divided into SOTA (Software OTA, over-the-air upgrade of Software) and FOTA (Firmware OTA, over-the-air upgrade of Firmware), that is, whole vehicle OTA, according to the difference of upgraded Firmware. Among them, SOTA can only update the software of vehicle application layer, only software such as vehicle machine and infotainment, and has almost no hardware scheduling capability. It is less difficult for car companies to realize it. Most OTA cars that are often publicized on the market only have SOTA technology. FOTA is to upgrade the system layer of the vehicle controller, which affects the power system, battery management and other systems of the vehicle. For example, the software of OS layer can be updated to the underlying systems such as chassis, power and ADAS.</p><p>The main difference between cars equipped with OTA technology and traditional cars is that in terms of performance, cars equipped with OTA technology realize richer functions. Generally speaking, they realize functions from these aspects: they can fix system bugs, update drivers, optimize UI interface, delete problematic apps, upgrade large versions, etc. Most automotive OTAs generally introduce online system updates for entertainment systems, navigation, etc.</p><p>Secondly, when the vehicle encounters software failure or needs to be updated, the traditional car needs to drive the car to a 4S shop to be repaired by a professional computer, which consumes time and energy, while the car equipped with OTA technology can complete the vehicle upgrade and repair the problem without leaving home, saving cost and time. For example, OTA cars can update the ECU software of the car. ECU is an electronic controller of an automobile. Generally speaking, it is the brain of a car. When a new car leaves the factory, its power will not be fully exerted, and it usually leaves some room for improvement. Brushing the ECU means coding the ECU on the basis that the original engine can bear it through some technical means to achieve the purpose of increasing horsepower or torque. Traditional cars need to use the original technology to brush the ECU, and OTA cars can upgrade this ability online.</p><p>From the above description, it can be seen that the functions and convenience of vehicles equipped with OTA technology are exciting and favored. However, because OTA technology itself involves the physical performance of vehicles, such as ECU changes, battery performance changes, and vehicle software experience functions, some reefs may be touched.</p><p><b>OTA cars are a double-edged sword</b></p><p>Judging from the conservative choices of traditional car companies, there is a reason why everyone has not accepted these wonderful experiences according to the order, and there is a reason why they are not so keen to carry them. OTA cars are also double-edged swords.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b9e367c30b535b8c2a265e8ccd88751a\" tg-width=\"1000\" tg-height=\"616\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>First of all, because of the mature R&D cycle and stable enterprise structure of traditional automobiles, there are too many newly matched components needed to realize OTA, and the cost of changing the production line and enterprise structure is too high. These new components need to be tested at high cost. Automobile manufacturers will not integrate a bunch of untested \"semi-finished products\" to the market, which will affect the safety of life and property.</p><p>From the analysis of technical reasons, it is mainly related to the structure of traditional cars. Traditional cars are purely mechanical structures, and the power unit is very complicated. The calibration of parameters such as fuel injection, braking system, shift logic, steering ratio and suspension style needs to be debugged and tested by engineers for tens of millions of times to achieve the best safety state before they can leave the factory. Rebuilding OTA becomes unstable for the power output and destroys the balanced parameter setting.</p><p>In addition to the security risks of physical hardware devices, OTA technology is at risk of being attacked by hackers during the remote upgrade process. In the process of downloading the car upgrade package, hackers can use network means to send the virus upgrade package to the vehicle, and then modify the system, remote control, and extort money. If some extreme weather or unstable environmental network is encountered, it will also lead to vulnerabilities in the upgrade package, which will cause the vehicle upgrade to fail.</p><p>We can see that OTA technology needs a lot of security tests in the matching of physical device components itself, as well as the protocol and design process. No matter which link of the link coupling between software and hardware devices has hidden dangers, it is a matter of life and death for the safety of enterprises and vehicles, and it can't be a child's play. Take the recall of Tesla cars as an example. For the operation of ACC adaptive cruise control, the conventional design scheme of car companies is to use button or independent lever operation to turn on the adaptive cruise function. However, Tesla is prone to misoperation when using the adaptive cruise control function, which is a design logic defect. Tesla's solution is to raise the threshold of activating active cruise, and add reminders of its activation and exit to avoid the possibility of accidental touch again.</p><p>If the logic setting of a small function is wrong, it will also bring unrestorable results. For safety issues, it can't be assumed that everyone is cautious and does not have a short circuit in the brain. It is not uncommon to pay attention to news recalls related to vehicles. For software failures, OTA can solve some failures through upgrading, but whether it will bring new problems will also be an urgent problem to be solved. It can be seen that OTA technology is a double-edged sword for car companies, and it is meaningless to discuss whether it is absolutely safe. The intelligent road of OTA cars will not be achieved overnight, and some system flaws will take time to gradually iterate and optimize. After all, no product is perfect at the beginning of design.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e094f51a71e4d181f644eb1da3c657c5\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"643\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At present, the development trend of the whole market is that car companies are gradually embracing OTA technology, and they will not stop eating due to local restrictions. OTA technology is becoming the standard of smart cars, and its technology penetration rate has increased significantly. According to data, 30% of vehicles sold worldwide in 2020 had OTA capabilities. It will rise to 79% by 2025. According to the data released by Gaogong Intelligent Automobile Research Institute, the OTA loading rate of new cars in the Chinese market has reached 22.42% in 2020, and it is expected to increase to 35-40% this year.</p><p>Although many car companies work hard to market OTA upgrade technology at the press conference, there are also many people swimming naked. Most car companies still stay at the level of SOTA upgrade, that is, the function upgrade at the level of entertainment interaction. There are only a handful of car companies that can carry out OTA upgrade of the whole vehicle. At present, Tesla, Ideal, XPeng, and other upstarts have OTA capabilities for the whole vehicle. The upgrade of OTA for the whole vehicle is a very obvious sign that smart cars are different from traditional cars. From the perspective of the development history of OTA automobiles, the demand for OTA in the automobile industry is gradually developing from component level, vehicle level and enterprise level to industry ecological level. Traditional car companies such as BMW, Volkswagen and SAIC-GM have actively reformed and restructured their electronic architectures in this big change to realize OTA of the whole vehicle.</p><p><b>The road to the big test in the future of OTA cars</b></p><p>Nowadays, most car companies can achieve OTA of car-machine entertainment system, that is, SOTA, but the real hard nut is the whole vehicle FOTA. Because it involves the electronic architecture, hardware configuration and software self-research capability of vehicle manufacturers on new vehicles. The electronic controller needs to be deeply integrated with the update mechanism of the device, in what state the vehicle is flashed, and how to ensure the stability and safety of the update process. These implementation difficulties should be considered. For example, ECUs (automotive electronic control components) of automobile internal components are hundreds in the architecture of the whole vehicle, which are connected in different communication networks. Each network has different data transmission protocols, which is more complicated. The more controllers are upgraded, the more difficult it is to double the network communication topology protocol. OTA suppliers need to have a clear understanding of the characteristics of each communication line to efficiently realize software upgrade.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5529364f1b506bceb17619a2c75f3112\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"600\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>In terms of information security, OTA data transmission has the potential risk of being counterfeited, stolen and attacked. During the communication process, it will be held hostage and tampered with by malicious hackers, which may lead to abnormal vehicle operation, privacy leakage, financial and even life safety threats. It is particularly important to safeguard the safety upgrade road of OTA vehicles. OTA automobile manufacturers need to build a well-designed identification key technology architecture, and the verification mechanism and upgrade conditions need to be controlled in both directions to ensure the information security system integrating end and cloud.</p><p>The realization of OTA vehicle functions relies on the development of gateway protocol, network security, continuous development of computing algorithm technology and other capabilities. Although electronic modules and software technology are developed in coordination and applied more and more in the whole vehicle, the technology is still not mature to the stage of widely recognized by the society. The development road of smart cars is long and long, and there is still a lot of room for update and improvement. The optimization of OTA vehicle functions and the differentiation of services need to evolve simultaneously. Fortunately, we will witness the surprises brought by OTA cars together.</p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/A_39xXiiqsAP9SDbQjbWLA\">脑极体</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/404652f159ffcb9982e091e353fdade0","relate_stocks":{"TSLA":"特斯拉"},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/A_39xXiiqsAP9SDbQjbWLA","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2148808400","content_text":"特斯拉在科技圈中，是个有话题有热点的黑网红，曝出来的永远都是各种控制系统失控出车祸的新闻，这不最近又闯祸了。近日消息，特斯拉召回部分进口和国产Model 3、国产Model Y电动汽车，共计285520辆，召回的主要原因是车辆存在主动巡航控制系统安全隐患，易造成驾驶员在转弯或者在D挡位情形误激活主动巡航功能，可能出现车辆速度突增情形，极端情况下可能导致车辆发生碰撞。\n看起来非常吓人，毕竟是关系到用车安全的问题。特斯拉此次的大规模召回不是物理上将车返厂返点的方式，而是通过汽车远程升级OTA的技术，用户无需到店即可完成在线升级。看似很严重的安全隐患仅仅通过OTA升级安全包的更新就可以解决问题吗？这种召回方式，没有车厂后续的常规安全测试，总觉得让人不安，甚至也会让人对OTA技术本身是否安全有疑虑。那么OTA系统到底安全吗？想要回答这个问题，先从什么是OTA汽车聊起。\nOTA汽车到底是什么？\nOTA的全称“Over-The-Air”，即空中下载技术（远程升级技术），通过无线网络下载数据包从而对系统更新进而改善终端功能和服务的技术。我们的电脑和手机进行系统更新的时候也是用的这个OTA技术。OTA进行系统升级的目的就是修复系统漏洞、优化改善以获得更多的功能、性能提升，又或者是视觉效果的改善，且这种更新是通过联网后在线检测、匹配版本、下载新的代码到本地进而执行安装、校验等程序。\n\nOTA技术最早应用于的汽车就是在2012年特斯拉推出的ModeL S上，内容更新范围包括人机交互、自动驾驶、动力电池系统等模块，当时特斯拉可以通过OTA完成钥匙卡漏洞、提升续航里程、提高最高速度、提升乘坐舒适度等。\n汽车OTA技术根据升级固件的差异，可以分为SOTA（Software OTA，软件空中升级）和FOTA（Firmware OTA，固件空中升级），即整车OTA。其中，SOTA只能对车辆应用层软件更新，仅限车机、信息娱乐等软件，几乎没有硬件调度的能力，车企实现难度较小，市面上经常看到宣传的OTA汽车大多数都是仅具有SOTA技术。而FOTA是对车辆控制器的系统层进行升级，影响的是车的动力系统、电池管理等系统，比如可以对底盘、动力、ADAS等底层系统进行OS层的软件更新。\n搭载OTA技术的汽车跟传统的汽车主要的区别是：在性能方面，搭载OTA技术的汽车车载实现的功能更丰富，总的来说是从这几方面实现功能：可以修复系统bug，更新驱动，优化UI界面，删除问题APP，大版本升级等。大多数车用OTA一般是针对娱乐系统、导航等推出在线系统更新。\n其次是车辆遇到软件故障或是需要更新时，传统汽车需要将车开到4S店利用专业电脑修复，耗费的时间精力，而搭载OTA技术的汽车可以足不出户就完成车辆升级，修复问题，节省成本与时间。比如OTA汽车可以对汽车的ECU软件进行更新。ECU是汽车电子控制器，通俗的来说就是汽车的大脑，新车出厂时动力不会完全发挥出来，通常会留下一部分可提升的空间，刷ECU就是通过一些技术手段，在原厂发动机能承受的基础上对ECU进行编码，达到提升马力或扭矩的目的，传统汽车想要刷ECU需要借助原厂的技术，OTA汽车可以在线升级这种能力。\n从上述的描述可以看出搭载OTA技术的车辆实现的功能以及便捷性让人心动与青睐，但是因为OTA技术本身涉及到对车辆物理性能比如ECU改变、电池性能改变、以及车辆软件体验功能的改变，在这其中，也有一些暗礁可能被触及。\nOTA汽车是把双刃剑\n从传统车企的保守选择来看，大家没有照单全收这些美好的体验，没有那么热衷搭载也是有原因的，OTA汽车也是把双刃剑。\n\n首先是因为传统汽车成熟的研发周期和稳定的企业架构，想要实现OTA需要新匹配的元器件太多，产线与企业结构的改变成本太大，这些新的元器件都需要经过高成本的测试，汽车厂商不会将一堆未经测试考验的“半成品”集成后推向市场，影响生命财产安全。\n从技术原因分析来看，主要是跟传统汽车的结构有关。传统的汽车都是纯机械结构，动力单元非常复杂，喷油量、刹车系统、换挡逻辑、转向比、悬挂风格等参数关系标定，需要被工程师千万次调试测试到最佳安全状态才能出厂。而重新搭建OTA对于动力输出来说变得不稳定，破坏平衡的参数设定。\n除了因为物理硬件设备的安全隐患外，OTA技术在远程升级过程中，有被黑客攻击的风险。汽车在下载升级包的过程中，黑客可以利用网络手段将被病毒升级包发送给车辆，进而修改系统、远程控制、勒索钱财。如果遇到一些极端天气或者环境网络不稳定的情况，也会导致升级包出现漏洞，进而使得车辆升级失败。\n我们可以看到OTA技术在物理设备元器件本身的匹配以及协议和设计过程需要经过大量的安全测试，软硬件设备之间的链接耦合无论是哪个环节存在隐患，对于企业和车辆的安全都是生死存亡的问题，不能儿戏。拿特斯拉汽车此次召回事件来说，ACC自适应巡航控制的操作,常规的车企设计方案是采用按键式或者独立拨杆的操作开启自适应巡航功能，但是特斯拉在使用自适应巡航控制功能的时候容易有误操作，这是一个设计逻辑上的缺陷，特斯拉的解决方案是提升激活主动巡航的阈值，加入了其激活和退出的提醒，避免误触的可能再发生。\n小小的一个功能逻辑设定有误的话，也会带来万劫不复的结果，对于安全问题，不能假设所有人都是小心谨慎没有大脑短路的时候。如果关注车辆相关的的新闻召回事件屡见不鲜，对于软件故障，OTA可以通过升级可以解决部分故障，但是是否还会带来新的问题，也会是个亟待解决的问题。可以看到OTA技术对于车企而言，是把双刃剑，讨论其是否绝对安全也没有意义，OTA汽车的智能化之路，不会一蹴而就，一些系统的瑕疵需要时间去逐渐迭代优化，毕竟没有任何产品在设计之初就是完美的。\n\n目前整个市场发展的趋势就是车企逐渐在拥抱OTA技术，不会因为局部的限制因噎废食。OTA技术正成为智能汽车标配， 其技术渗透率提升尤为明显。有数据显示，在2020年全球售出的车辆中，有30％具有OTA功能。到2025年，该比例将上升至79％。而根据高工智能汽车研究院发布的数据，2020年中国市场新车OTA搭载率已经达到22.42%，预计今年将提升至35-40%。\n尽管不少车企在发布会卖力营销OTA升级技术，但裸泳的人也不少，大多数车企还是停留在SOTA升级层面，也就是娱乐互动层面的功能升级，能够进行整车OTA升级的车企屈指可数。目前有着整车OTA能力的是特斯拉、理想、小鹏、等新贵。而面向于整车OTA升级，才是智能汽车区别于传统汽车的一个非常显著的标志。从OTA汽车的发展历程上来看，汽车行业对于OTA的需求是逐步由零部件级、整车级、企业级发展到行业生态级。宝马、大众、上汽通用等传统车企在这个大的变革中积极改革进行电子架构重构，以实现整车OTA。\nOTA汽车未来的大考之路\n现在大部分车企都能做到车机娱乐系统的OTA，也就是 SOTA，但真正难啃的硬骨头是整车FOTA。因为其涉及整车制造商在新车上的电子架构、硬件配置以及软件自研能力。电子控制器需要与设备的更新机制进行深度整合，车辆在什么状态下进行刷写，如何确保确保更新过程的稳定性与安全性，这些实现上的难点都是要考虑的。比如汽车内部件的ECU（汽车电子控制元器件），它们在整车的架构中数量为几百个，连接在不同的通讯网络中，每条网络的数据传输协议不同，比较复杂，升级的控制器越多考量的网络通讯拓扑结构协议翻番难度上升，需要OTA供应商对每条通讯线路的特点有清晰的认知才能高效地实现软件升级。\n\n在信息安全方面，OTA数据传输的过程中，有被仿冒、窃取、攻击的潜在风险，在通讯过程中会被不怀好意的黑客挟持与篡改，可能导致车辆运行异常、隐私泄露、财务甚至是生命安全受到威胁。保障OTA汽车的安全升级之路尤为重要。OTA汽车厂商需要搭建设计完善的标识秘钥技术架构，验证机制与升级条件的限定需要双向把控，才能保障端云一体的信息安全体系。\nOTA汽车功能的实现背后依托网关协议、网络安全、算力算法技术持续开发等多方面能力发展，虽然电子模块与软件技术协同发展，在整车上应用的越来越多，但技术还是没有成熟到社会广泛认同的阶段，智能汽车的发展之路长途漫漫，更新和改善的空间还是很大，OTA汽车功能上的优化，服务的差异化需要同步进化，幸运的是我们会一起见证OTA汽车带来的惊喜。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"TSLA":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3046,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":150517724,"gmtCreate":1624921505068,"gmtModify":1703847769587,"author":{"id":"3568614602734225","authorId":"3568614602734225","name":"洞幽烛远","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0e72968722642d797ced5fcb63f2fec1","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3568614602734225","authorIdStr":"3568614602734225"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Nice","listText":"Nice","text":"Nice","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/150517724","repostId":"2146002531","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3212,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":128080212,"gmtCreate":1624495318936,"gmtModify":1703838254342,"author":{"id":"3568614602734225","authorId":"3568614602734225","name":"洞幽烛远","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0e72968722642d797ced5fcb63f2fec1","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3568614602734225","authorIdStr":"3568614602734225"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Thanks.","listText":"Thanks.","text":"Thanks.","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/128080212","repostId":"2145086880","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2701,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"hots":[{"id":891905053,"gmtCreate":1628313286272,"gmtModify":1703504978278,"author":{"id":"3568614602734225","authorId":"3568614602734225","name":"洞幽烛远","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0e72968722642d797ced5fcb63f2fec1","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3568614602734225","authorIdStr":"3568614602734225"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Look","listText":"Look","text":"Look","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/891905053","repostId":"1109676905","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1109676905","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1628306900,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1109676905?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-08-07 11:28","market":"sh","language":"zh","title":"Economic Daily: Regulation \"patches\" and declines real estate speculators","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1109676905","media":"经济日报","summary":"各地调控措施还在密集出台，不断“打补丁”“堵漏洞”。其原因在于一些城市依然面临房价和地价增长过快、市场预期不稳的状况。这对幻想房价过快上涨的炒房客们是持续的威慑。\n\n楼市调控持续加码。仅8月5日一天，","content":"<p>Local control measures are still being intensively introduced, constantly \"patching\" and \"plugging loopholes\". The reason is that some cities still face the situation of excessive growth of house prices and land prices and unstable market expectations. This is a continuous deterrent to real estate speculators who imagine that house prices will rise too fast. The regulation of the property market continues to increase.<b>On August 5 alone, Hangzhou, Beijing, and Chengdu introduced new regulations on real estate regulation</b>。</p><p><b>Hangzhou has further raised the threshold for purchasing houses</b>。 The new measures are clear. If you have obtained Hangzhou hukou for less than 5 years, you need to pay two years of social security, and you can buy a house in the restricted area; The requirement of \"non-household registration +4-year social security\" makes it more difficult for non-Hangzhou household registration buyers to buy a house. Hangzhou's new regulations raise the threshold for purchasing houses, aiming at cracking down on short-term investors. In addition, Hangzhou also stipulates that the houses with low lottery winning rate of new houses should be sorted according to the number of months of social security payment, which aims to prevent too many buyers from getting together to snap up.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/98d5061e381a588a0b72f0c700d4c53c\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"699\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At the same time,<b>Chengdu includes donated housing in the total number of donee family housing units to review house purchase qualifications</b>。 In other words, the loophole of avoiding purchase restriction through gifts has been completely blocked.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/251b49b66315bacb1edb0024546db0d8\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"717\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p><b>Beijing's regulations are more targeted, directly focusing regulation on cracking down on the qualification of purchasing houses through \"fake divorce\"</b>。 The new regulations clarify that if a husband and wife divorce, and the number of housing units owned by the original family before divorce does not meet the purchase restriction policy of commercial housing, neither party may purchase commercial housing within 3 years from the date of divorce. In recent years, in some hot cities, due to the continuous tightening of the purchase restriction policy, some people have racked their brains in order to obtain the qualification to buy houses. In order to avoid the purchase restriction, get the qualification to buy a house again, and enjoy the low down payment and low loan interest rate for buying the first house, some families even choose to divorce and buy a house again. Beijing's new regulations make it more difficult to buy a house through \"fake divorce\", which is conducive to plugging the loopholes of \"fake divorce\" real estate speculation.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/54b84384c49789d1fc5e6ac49f40f066\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"497\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Local control measures are still being intensively introduced, constantly \"patching\" and \"plugging loopholes\". The reason is that some cities still face the situation of excessive growth of house prices and land prices and unstable market expectations.<b>The constant regulation measures are a continued deterrent to speculators who still have illusions about the rapid rise in housing prices</b>。</p><p>If the false fire is not extinguished, the regulation of the property market needs to keep high pressure, and more importantly, long-term policies that are continuously and stably implemented are needed, so that buyers can have more stable expectations for the trend of house prices and the timing of house purchase.<b>Intensive regulation measures show that local governments, which are responsible for real estate regulation, are increasing their initiative and enthusiasm in implementing property market regulation</b>。 Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has interviewed local governments many times and included these cities in the list of key cities for real estate market monitoring. For local governments, the positioning of \"housing is for living, not for speculation\" and \"not using real estate as a short-term means to stimulate the economy\" should always be adhered to.</p><p>The meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a few days ago emphasized that it is necessary to adhere to the positioning that houses are for living, not for speculation, stabilize land prices, housing prices and expectations, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. Since my country proposed the establishment of a long-term mechanism for real estate, remarkable results have been achieved in stabilizing land prices, housing prices, and expectations, indicating that the measures taken are in line with the laws of market development and are accurate and effective. When individual cities show signs of overheating, it is necessary to decisively strengthen the regulation and supervision of the real estate market. Fortunately,<b>The \"tools\" for regulating the real estate market are constantly enriching, and a series of measures such as land, finance, administrative measures, market rectification, fiscal and taxation are forming a strong synergy</b>。 It is believed that with the establishment and improvement of the long-term mechanism of real estate, the real estate market will usher in a good situation of healthier development.</p>","source":"lsy1597656426531","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Economic Daily: Regulation \"patches\" and declines real estate speculators</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nEconomic Daily: Regulation \"patches\" and declines real estate speculators\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">经济日报</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-08-07 11:28</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>Local control measures are still being intensively introduced, constantly \"patching\" and \"plugging loopholes\". The reason is that some cities still face the situation of excessive growth of house prices and land prices and unstable market expectations. This is a continuous deterrent to real estate speculators who imagine that house prices will rise too fast. The regulation of the property market continues to increase.<b>On August 5 alone, Hangzhou, Beijing, and Chengdu introduced new regulations on real estate regulation</b>。</p><p><b>Hangzhou has further raised the threshold for purchasing houses</b>。 The new measures are clear. If you have obtained Hangzhou hukou for less than 5 years, you need to pay two years of social security, and you can buy a house in the restricted area; The requirement of \"non-household registration +4-year social security\" makes it more difficult for non-Hangzhou household registration buyers to buy a house. Hangzhou's new regulations raise the threshold for purchasing houses, aiming at cracking down on short-term investors. In addition, Hangzhou also stipulates that the houses with low lottery winning rate of new houses should be sorted according to the number of months of social security payment, which aims to prevent too many buyers from getting together to snap up.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/98d5061e381a588a0b72f0c700d4c53c\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"699\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At the same time,<b>Chengdu includes donated housing in the total number of donee family housing units to review house purchase qualifications</b>。 In other words, the loophole of avoiding purchase restriction through gifts has been completely blocked.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/251b49b66315bacb1edb0024546db0d8\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"717\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p><b>Beijing's regulations are more targeted, directly focusing regulation on cracking down on the qualification of purchasing houses through \"fake divorce\"</b>。 The new regulations clarify that if a husband and wife divorce, and the number of housing units owned by the original family before divorce does not meet the purchase restriction policy of commercial housing, neither party may purchase commercial housing within 3 years from the date of divorce. In recent years, in some hot cities, due to the continuous tightening of the purchase restriction policy, some people have racked their brains in order to obtain the qualification to buy houses. In order to avoid the purchase restriction, get the qualification to buy a house again, and enjoy the low down payment and low loan interest rate for buying the first house, some families even choose to divorce and buy a house again. Beijing's new regulations make it more difficult to buy a house through \"fake divorce\", which is conducive to plugging the loopholes of \"fake divorce\" real estate speculation.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/54b84384c49789d1fc5e6ac49f40f066\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"497\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Local control measures are still being intensively introduced, constantly \"patching\" and \"plugging loopholes\". The reason is that some cities still face the situation of excessive growth of house prices and land prices and unstable market expectations.<b>The constant regulation measures are a continued deterrent to speculators who still have illusions about the rapid rise in housing prices</b>。</p><p>If the false fire is not extinguished, the regulation of the property market needs to keep high pressure, and more importantly, long-term policies that are continuously and stably implemented are needed, so that buyers can have more stable expectations for the trend of house prices and the timing of house purchase.<b>Intensive regulation measures show that local governments, which are responsible for real estate regulation, are increasing their initiative and enthusiasm in implementing property market regulation</b>。 Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has interviewed local governments many times and included these cities in the list of key cities for real estate market monitoring. For local governments, the positioning of \"housing is for living, not for speculation\" and \"not using real estate as a short-term means to stimulate the economy\" should always be adhered to.</p><p>The meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a few days ago emphasized that it is necessary to adhere to the positioning that houses are for living, not for speculation, stabilize land prices, housing prices and expectations, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. Since my country proposed the establishment of a long-term mechanism for real estate, remarkable results have been achieved in stabilizing land prices, housing prices, and expectations, indicating that the measures taken are in line with the laws of market development and are accurate and effective. When individual cities show signs of overheating, it is necessary to decisively strengthen the regulation and supervision of the real estate market. Fortunately,<b>The \"tools\" for regulating the real estate market are constantly enriching, and a series of measures such as land, finance, administrative measures, market rectification, fiscal and taxation are forming a strong synergy</b>。 It is believed that with the establishment and improvement of the long-term mechanism of real estate, the real estate market will usher in a good situation of healthier development.</p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://www.gelonghui.com/p/479661\">经济日报</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c3c5822c22b6cfd1d0ae2625b7bc085e","relate_stocks":{"09979":"绿城管理控股"},"source_url":"https://www.gelonghui.com/p/479661","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1109676905","content_text":"各地调控措施还在密集出台，不断“打补丁”“堵漏洞”。其原因在于一些城市依然面临房价和地价增长过快、市场预期不稳的状况。这对幻想房价过快上涨的炒房客们是持续的威慑。\n\n楼市调控持续加码。仅8月5日一天，就有杭州、北京、成都三城推出房地产调控新规。\n杭州进一步抬高了购房门槛。新举措明确，取得杭州户口未满5年，需缴纳两年社保，可在限购区域购买一套住房；“非户籍+4年社保”的要求让非杭州户籍购房者买房难度加大。杭州调控新规抬高购房门槛目的在于打击短期投资客。此外，杭州还规定新房摇号中签率低的房源，按照社保缴纳月数依次排序，此举旨在避免过多购房者扎堆抢购。\n\n与此同时，成都将赠与住房计入受赠人家庭住房总套数审核购房资格。也就是说，通过赠与方式规避限购的漏洞被彻底堵住了。\n\n而北京的规定更具针对性，直接将调控重点放在打击通过“假离婚”获取购房资格上。新规明确，夫妻离异的，原家庭在离异前拥有住房套数不符合商品住房限购政策规定的，自离异之日起3年内，任何一方均不得购买商品住房。近年来，在一些热点城市，由于限购政策不断收紧，一些人为了获取购房资格，可谓绞尽脑汁。为避开限购，获得再购房的资格，以及享受购买首套住房的低首付款和低贷款利率，一些家庭甚至选择离婚再购房。北京新规让通过“假离婚”进行购房的难度加大，有利于封堵“假离婚”炒房漏洞。\n\n各地调控措施还在密集出台，不断“打补丁”“堵漏洞”。其原因在于一些城市依然面临房价和地价增长过快、市场预期不稳的状况。不断出台的调控措施对于那些依然对房价过快上涨抱有幻想的炒房客们是持续的威慑。\n虚火不灭，楼市调控就需保持高压，更需持续且稳定执行的长效政策，以便购房者对房价走势、购房时点有更稳定的预期。密集出台的调控措施表明，对房地产调控负有主体责任的地方政府，实施楼市调控的主动性和积极性都在增加。今年以来，住房和城乡建设部已多次约谈地方政府，并将这些城市纳入房地产市场监测重点城市名单。对于地方政府而言，“房住不炒”及“不将房地产作为短期刺激经济的手段”的定位应始终坚持。\n日前召开的中央政治局会议强调，要坚持房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的定位，稳地价、稳房价、稳预期，促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。我国提出建立房地产长效机制以来，稳地价、稳房价、稳预期取得明显成效，表明采取的措施符合市场发展规律，精准有效。当个别城市出现过热苗头，须果断加大房地产市场调控力度和监管力度。可喜的是，房地产市场调控的“工具”在不断丰富，土地、金融、行政措施、市场整顿、财税等一系列措施，正在形成强大合力。相信随着房地产长效机制建立和完善，房地产市场将迎来更加健康发展的良好局面。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"09979":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2832,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":152958607,"gmtCreate":1625265952809,"gmtModify":1703739508025,"author":{"id":"3568614602734225","authorId":"3568614602734225","name":"洞幽烛远","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0e72968722642d797ced5fcb63f2fec1","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3568614602734225","authorIdStr":"3568614602734225"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Ok","listText":"Ok","text":"Ok","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/152958607","repostId":"2148808400","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"2148808400","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1625238620,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/2148808400?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-07-02 23:10","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"From the Tesla recall, a peek into the true face of OTA car evolution","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2148808400","media":"脑极体","summary":"特斯拉在科技圈中，是个有话题有热点的黑网红，曝出来的永远都是各种控制系统失控出车祸的新闻，这不最近又闯祸了。近日消息，特斯拉召回部分进口和国产Model 3、国产Model Y电动汽车，共计28552","content":"<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSLA\">Tesla</a>In the science and technology circle, it is a black online celebrity with topics and hot spots. What is exposed is always the news that various control systems are out of control and have car accidents, which has caused trouble again recently. Recently, Tesla recalled some imported and domestic Model 3 and domestic Model Y electric vehicles, totaling 285,520 vehicles. The main reason for the recall is that the vehicle has potential safety hazards of active cruise control system, which can easily cause the driver to incorrectly activate the active cruise function when turning or in D gear, which may lead to a sudden increase in vehicle speed and a collision in extreme cases.</p><p>It looks very scary, after all, it is related to the safety of the car. Tesla's large-scale recall this time is not a way to physically return the car to the factory, but through the technology of remotely upgrading OTA by the car, users can complete the online upgrade without going to the store. Can the seemingly serious security hazard be solved by simply updating the OTA upgrade security package? This recall method, without the follow-up routine safety test of the car factory, always feels uneasy, and even makes people have doubts about the safety of OTA technology itself. So are OTA systems safe at all? To answer this question, start with what is an OTA car.</p><p><b>What exactly is an OTA car?</b></p><p>The full name of OTA is \"Over-The-Air\", that is, Over-The-Air download technology (remote upgrade technology), which is a technology that downloads data packets through wireless networks to update The system and improve terminal functions and services. Our computers and mobile phones also use this OTA technology when updating the system. The purpose of OTA system upgrade is to repair system vulnerabilities, optimize and improve to obtain more functions, improve performance, or improve visual effects. Moreover, this update is to detect, match versions online after networking, download new code locally, and then perform installation, verification and other procedures.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/404652f159ffcb9982e091e353fdade0\" tg-width=\"868\" tg-height=\"538\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>The earliest car that OTA technology was applied to was the ModeL S launched by Tesla in 2012. The content update scope included human-computer interaction, autonomous driving, power battery system and other modules. At that time, Tesla could complete key card loopholes, improve cruising range, increase top speed and improve riding comfort through OTA.</p><p>Automotive OTA technology can be divided into SOTA (Software OTA, over-the-air upgrade of Software) and FOTA (Firmware OTA, over-the-air upgrade of Firmware), that is, whole vehicle OTA, according to the difference of upgraded Firmware. Among them, SOTA can only update the software of vehicle application layer, only software such as vehicle machine and infotainment, and has almost no hardware scheduling capability. It is less difficult for car companies to realize it. Most OTA cars that are often publicized on the market only have SOTA technology. FOTA is to upgrade the system layer of the vehicle controller, which affects the power system, battery management and other systems of the vehicle. For example, the software of OS layer can be updated to the underlying systems such as chassis, power and ADAS.</p><p>The main difference between cars equipped with OTA technology and traditional cars is that in terms of performance, cars equipped with OTA technology realize richer functions. Generally speaking, they realize functions from these aspects: they can fix system bugs, update drivers, optimize UI interface, delete problematic apps, upgrade large versions, etc. Most automotive OTAs generally introduce online system updates for entertainment systems, navigation, etc.</p><p>Secondly, when the vehicle encounters software failure or needs to be updated, the traditional car needs to drive the car to a 4S shop to be repaired by a professional computer, which consumes time and energy, while the car equipped with OTA technology can complete the vehicle upgrade and repair the problem without leaving home, saving cost and time. For example, OTA cars can update the ECU software of the car. ECU is an electronic controller of an automobile. Generally speaking, it is the brain of a car. When a new car leaves the factory, its power will not be fully exerted, and it usually leaves some room for improvement. Brushing the ECU means coding the ECU on the basis that the original engine can bear it through some technical means to achieve the purpose of increasing horsepower or torque. Traditional cars need to use the original technology to brush the ECU, and OTA cars can upgrade this ability online.</p><p>From the above description, it can be seen that the functions and convenience of vehicles equipped with OTA technology are exciting and favored. However, because OTA technology itself involves the physical performance of vehicles, such as ECU changes, battery performance changes, and vehicle software experience functions, some reefs may be touched.</p><p><b>OTA cars are a double-edged sword</b></p><p>Judging from the conservative choices of traditional car companies, there is a reason why everyone has not accepted these wonderful experiences according to the order, and there is a reason why they are not so keen to carry them. OTA cars are also double-edged swords.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b9e367c30b535b8c2a265e8ccd88751a\" tg-width=\"1000\" tg-height=\"616\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>First of all, because of the mature R&D cycle and stable enterprise structure of traditional automobiles, there are too many newly matched components needed to realize OTA, and the cost of changing the production line and enterprise structure is too high. These new components need to be tested at high cost. Automobile manufacturers will not integrate a bunch of untested \"semi-finished products\" to the market, which will affect the safety of life and property.</p><p>From the analysis of technical reasons, it is mainly related to the structure of traditional cars. Traditional cars are purely mechanical structures, and the power unit is very complicated. The calibration of parameters such as fuel injection, braking system, shift logic, steering ratio and suspension style needs to be debugged and tested by engineers for tens of millions of times to achieve the best safety state before they can leave the factory. Rebuilding OTA becomes unstable for the power output and destroys the balanced parameter setting.</p><p>In addition to the security risks of physical hardware devices, OTA technology is at risk of being attacked by hackers during the remote upgrade process. In the process of downloading the car upgrade package, hackers can use network means to send the virus upgrade package to the vehicle, and then modify the system, remote control, and extort money. If some extreme weather or unstable environmental network is encountered, it will also lead to vulnerabilities in the upgrade package, which will cause the vehicle upgrade to fail.</p><p>We can see that OTA technology needs a lot of security tests in the matching of physical device components itself, as well as the protocol and design process. No matter which link of the link coupling between software and hardware devices has hidden dangers, it is a matter of life and death for the safety of enterprises and vehicles, and it can't be a child's play. Take the recall of Tesla cars as an example. For the operation of ACC adaptive cruise control, the conventional design scheme of car companies is to use button or independent lever operation to turn on the adaptive cruise function. However, Tesla is prone to misoperation when using the adaptive cruise control function, which is a design logic defect. Tesla's solution is to raise the threshold of activating active cruise, and add reminders of its activation and exit to avoid the possibility of accidental touch again.</p><p>If the logic setting of a small function is wrong, it will also bring unrestorable results. For safety issues, it can't be assumed that everyone is cautious and does not have a short circuit in the brain. It is not uncommon to pay attention to news recalls related to vehicles. For software failures, OTA can solve some failures through upgrading, but whether it will bring new problems will also be an urgent problem to be solved. It can be seen that OTA technology is a double-edged sword for car companies, and it is meaningless to discuss whether it is absolutely safe. The intelligent road of OTA cars will not be achieved overnight, and some system flaws will take time to gradually iterate and optimize. After all, no product is perfect at the beginning of design.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e094f51a71e4d181f644eb1da3c657c5\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"643\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At present, the development trend of the whole market is that car companies are gradually embracing OTA technology, and they will not stop eating due to local restrictions. OTA technology is becoming the standard of smart cars, and its technology penetration rate has increased significantly. According to data, 30% of vehicles sold worldwide in 2020 had OTA capabilities. It will rise to 79% by 2025. According to the data released by Gaogong Intelligent Automobile Research Institute, the OTA loading rate of new cars in the Chinese market has reached 22.42% in 2020, and it is expected to increase to 35-40% this year.</p><p>Although many car companies work hard to market OTA upgrade technology at the press conference, there are also many people swimming naked. Most car companies still stay at the level of SOTA upgrade, that is, the function upgrade at the level of entertainment interaction. There are only a handful of car companies that can carry out OTA upgrade of the whole vehicle. At present, Tesla, Ideal, XPeng, and other upstarts have OTA capabilities for the whole vehicle. The upgrade of OTA for the whole vehicle is a very obvious sign that smart cars are different from traditional cars. From the perspective of the development history of OTA automobiles, the demand for OTA in the automobile industry is gradually developing from component level, vehicle level and enterprise level to industry ecological level. Traditional car companies such as BMW, Volkswagen and SAIC-GM have actively reformed and restructured their electronic architectures in this big change to realize OTA of the whole vehicle.</p><p><b>The road to the big test in the future of OTA cars</b></p><p>Nowadays, most car companies can achieve OTA of car-machine entertainment system, that is, SOTA, but the real hard nut is the whole vehicle FOTA. Because it involves the electronic architecture, hardware configuration and software self-research capability of vehicle manufacturers on new vehicles. The electronic controller needs to be deeply integrated with the update mechanism of the device, in what state the vehicle is flashed, and how to ensure the stability and safety of the update process. These implementation difficulties should be considered. For example, ECUs (automotive electronic control components) of automobile internal components are hundreds in the architecture of the whole vehicle, which are connected in different communication networks. Each network has different data transmission protocols, which is more complicated. The more controllers are upgraded, the more difficult it is to double the network communication topology protocol. OTA suppliers need to have a clear understanding of the characteristics of each communication line to efficiently realize software upgrade.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5529364f1b506bceb17619a2c75f3112\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"600\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>In terms of information security, OTA data transmission has the potential risk of being counterfeited, stolen and attacked. During the communication process, it will be held hostage and tampered with by malicious hackers, which may lead to abnormal vehicle operation, privacy leakage, financial and even life safety threats. It is particularly important to safeguard the safety upgrade road of OTA vehicles. OTA automobile manufacturers need to build a well-designed identification key technology architecture, and the verification mechanism and upgrade conditions need to be controlled in both directions to ensure the information security system integrating end and cloud.</p><p>The realization of OTA vehicle functions relies on the development of gateway protocol, network security, continuous development of computing algorithm technology and other capabilities. Although electronic modules and software technology are developed in coordination and applied more and more in the whole vehicle, the technology is still not mature to the stage of widely recognized by the society. The development road of smart cars is long and long, and there is still a lot of room for update and improvement. The optimization of OTA vehicle functions and the differentiation of services need to evolve simultaneously. Fortunately, we will witness the surprises brought by OTA cars together.</p>","source":"lsy1577414888172","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>From the Tesla recall, a peek into the true face of OTA car evolution</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nFrom the Tesla recall, a peek into the true face of OTA car evolution\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">脑极体</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-07-02 23:10</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSLA\">Tesla</a>In the science and technology circle, it is a black online celebrity with topics and hot spots. What is exposed is always the news that various control systems are out of control and have car accidents, which has caused trouble again recently. Recently, Tesla recalled some imported and domestic Model 3 and domestic Model Y electric vehicles, totaling 285,520 vehicles. The main reason for the recall is that the vehicle has potential safety hazards of active cruise control system, which can easily cause the driver to incorrectly activate the active cruise function when turning or in D gear, which may lead to a sudden increase in vehicle speed and a collision in extreme cases.</p><p>It looks very scary, after all, it is related to the safety of the car. Tesla's large-scale recall this time is not a way to physically return the car to the factory, but through the technology of remotely upgrading OTA by the car, users can complete the online upgrade without going to the store. Can the seemingly serious security hazard be solved by simply updating the OTA upgrade security package? This recall method, without the follow-up routine safety test of the car factory, always feels uneasy, and even makes people have doubts about the safety of OTA technology itself. So are OTA systems safe at all? To answer this question, start with what is an OTA car.</p><p><b>What exactly is an OTA car?</b></p><p>The full name of OTA is \"Over-The-Air\", that is, Over-The-Air download technology (remote upgrade technology), which is a technology that downloads data packets through wireless networks to update The system and improve terminal functions and services. Our computers and mobile phones also use this OTA technology when updating the system. The purpose of OTA system upgrade is to repair system vulnerabilities, optimize and improve to obtain more functions, improve performance, or improve visual effects. Moreover, this update is to detect, match versions online after networking, download new code locally, and then perform installation, verification and other procedures.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/404652f159ffcb9982e091e353fdade0\" tg-width=\"868\" tg-height=\"538\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>The earliest car that OTA technology was applied to was the ModeL S launched by Tesla in 2012. The content update scope included human-computer interaction, autonomous driving, power battery system and other modules. At that time, Tesla could complete key card loopholes, improve cruising range, increase top speed and improve riding comfort through OTA.</p><p>Automotive OTA technology can be divided into SOTA (Software OTA, over-the-air upgrade of Software) and FOTA (Firmware OTA, over-the-air upgrade of Firmware), that is, whole vehicle OTA, according to the difference of upgraded Firmware. Among them, SOTA can only update the software of vehicle application layer, only software such as vehicle machine and infotainment, and has almost no hardware scheduling capability. It is less difficult for car companies to realize it. Most OTA cars that are often publicized on the market only have SOTA technology. FOTA is to upgrade the system layer of the vehicle controller, which affects the power system, battery management and other systems of the vehicle. For example, the software of OS layer can be updated to the underlying systems such as chassis, power and ADAS.</p><p>The main difference between cars equipped with OTA technology and traditional cars is that in terms of performance, cars equipped with OTA technology realize richer functions. Generally speaking, they realize functions from these aspects: they can fix system bugs, update drivers, optimize UI interface, delete problematic apps, upgrade large versions, etc. Most automotive OTAs generally introduce online system updates for entertainment systems, navigation, etc.</p><p>Secondly, when the vehicle encounters software failure or needs to be updated, the traditional car needs to drive the car to a 4S shop to be repaired by a professional computer, which consumes time and energy, while the car equipped with OTA technology can complete the vehicle upgrade and repair the problem without leaving home, saving cost and time. For example, OTA cars can update the ECU software of the car. ECU is an electronic controller of an automobile. Generally speaking, it is the brain of a car. When a new car leaves the factory, its power will not be fully exerted, and it usually leaves some room for improvement. Brushing the ECU means coding the ECU on the basis that the original engine can bear it through some technical means to achieve the purpose of increasing horsepower or torque. Traditional cars need to use the original technology to brush the ECU, and OTA cars can upgrade this ability online.</p><p>From the above description, it can be seen that the functions and convenience of vehicles equipped with OTA technology are exciting and favored. However, because OTA technology itself involves the physical performance of vehicles, such as ECU changes, battery performance changes, and vehicle software experience functions, some reefs may be touched.</p><p><b>OTA cars are a double-edged sword</b></p><p>Judging from the conservative choices of traditional car companies, there is a reason why everyone has not accepted these wonderful experiences according to the order, and there is a reason why they are not so keen to carry them. OTA cars are also double-edged swords.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b9e367c30b535b8c2a265e8ccd88751a\" tg-width=\"1000\" tg-height=\"616\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>First of all, because of the mature R&D cycle and stable enterprise structure of traditional automobiles, there are too many newly matched components needed to realize OTA, and the cost of changing the production line and enterprise structure is too high. These new components need to be tested at high cost. Automobile manufacturers will not integrate a bunch of untested \"semi-finished products\" to the market, which will affect the safety of life and property.</p><p>From the analysis of technical reasons, it is mainly related to the structure of traditional cars. Traditional cars are purely mechanical structures, and the power unit is very complicated. The calibration of parameters such as fuel injection, braking system, shift logic, steering ratio and suspension style needs to be debugged and tested by engineers for tens of millions of times to achieve the best safety state before they can leave the factory. Rebuilding OTA becomes unstable for the power output and destroys the balanced parameter setting.</p><p>In addition to the security risks of physical hardware devices, OTA technology is at risk of being attacked by hackers during the remote upgrade process. In the process of downloading the car upgrade package, hackers can use network means to send the virus upgrade package to the vehicle, and then modify the system, remote control, and extort money. If some extreme weather or unstable environmental network is encountered, it will also lead to vulnerabilities in the upgrade package, which will cause the vehicle upgrade to fail.</p><p>We can see that OTA technology needs a lot of security tests in the matching of physical device components itself, as well as the protocol and design process. No matter which link of the link coupling between software and hardware devices has hidden dangers, it is a matter of life and death for the safety of enterprises and vehicles, and it can't be a child's play. Take the recall of Tesla cars as an example. For the operation of ACC adaptive cruise control, the conventional design scheme of car companies is to use button or independent lever operation to turn on the adaptive cruise function. However, Tesla is prone to misoperation when using the adaptive cruise control function, which is a design logic defect. Tesla's solution is to raise the threshold of activating active cruise, and add reminders of its activation and exit to avoid the possibility of accidental touch again.</p><p>If the logic setting of a small function is wrong, it will also bring unrestorable results. For safety issues, it can't be assumed that everyone is cautious and does not have a short circuit in the brain. It is not uncommon to pay attention to news recalls related to vehicles. For software failures, OTA can solve some failures through upgrading, but whether it will bring new problems will also be an urgent problem to be solved. It can be seen that OTA technology is a double-edged sword for car companies, and it is meaningless to discuss whether it is absolutely safe. The intelligent road of OTA cars will not be achieved overnight, and some system flaws will take time to gradually iterate and optimize. After all, no product is perfect at the beginning of design.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e094f51a71e4d181f644eb1da3c657c5\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"643\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At present, the development trend of the whole market is that car companies are gradually embracing OTA technology, and they will not stop eating due to local restrictions. OTA technology is becoming the standard of smart cars, and its technology penetration rate has increased significantly. According to data, 30% of vehicles sold worldwide in 2020 had OTA capabilities. It will rise to 79% by 2025. According to the data released by Gaogong Intelligent Automobile Research Institute, the OTA loading rate of new cars in the Chinese market has reached 22.42% in 2020, and it is expected to increase to 35-40% this year.</p><p>Although many car companies work hard to market OTA upgrade technology at the press conference, there are also many people swimming naked. Most car companies still stay at the level of SOTA upgrade, that is, the function upgrade at the level of entertainment interaction. There are only a handful of car companies that can carry out OTA upgrade of the whole vehicle. At present, Tesla, Ideal, XPeng, and other upstarts have OTA capabilities for the whole vehicle. The upgrade of OTA for the whole vehicle is a very obvious sign that smart cars are different from traditional cars. From the perspective of the development history of OTA automobiles, the demand for OTA in the automobile industry is gradually developing from component level, vehicle level and enterprise level to industry ecological level. Traditional car companies such as BMW, Volkswagen and SAIC-GM have actively reformed and restructured their electronic architectures in this big change to realize OTA of the whole vehicle.</p><p><b>The road to the big test in the future of OTA cars</b></p><p>Nowadays, most car companies can achieve OTA of car-machine entertainment system, that is, SOTA, but the real hard nut is the whole vehicle FOTA. Because it involves the electronic architecture, hardware configuration and software self-research capability of vehicle manufacturers on new vehicles. The electronic controller needs to be deeply integrated with the update mechanism of the device, in what state the vehicle is flashed, and how to ensure the stability and safety of the update process. These implementation difficulties should be considered. For example, ECUs (automotive electronic control components) of automobile internal components are hundreds in the architecture of the whole vehicle, which are connected in different communication networks. Each network has different data transmission protocols, which is more complicated. The more controllers are upgraded, the more difficult it is to double the network communication topology protocol. OTA suppliers need to have a clear understanding of the characteristics of each communication line to efficiently realize software upgrade.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5529364f1b506bceb17619a2c75f3112\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"600\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>In terms of information security, OTA data transmission has the potential risk of being counterfeited, stolen and attacked. During the communication process, it will be held hostage and tampered with by malicious hackers, which may lead to abnormal vehicle operation, privacy leakage, financial and even life safety threats. It is particularly important to safeguard the safety upgrade road of OTA vehicles. OTA automobile manufacturers need to build a well-designed identification key technology architecture, and the verification mechanism and upgrade conditions need to be controlled in both directions to ensure the information security system integrating end and cloud.</p><p>The realization of OTA vehicle functions relies on the development of gateway protocol, network security, continuous development of computing algorithm technology and other capabilities. Although electronic modules and software technology are developed in coordination and applied more and more in the whole vehicle, the technology is still not mature to the stage of widely recognized by the society. The development road of smart cars is long and long, and there is still a lot of room for update and improvement. The optimization of OTA vehicle functions and the differentiation of services need to evolve simultaneously. Fortunately, we will witness the surprises brought by OTA cars together.</p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/A_39xXiiqsAP9SDbQjbWLA\">脑极体</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/404652f159ffcb9982e091e353fdade0","relate_stocks":{"TSLA":"特斯拉"},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/A_39xXiiqsAP9SDbQjbWLA","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2148808400","content_text":"特斯拉在科技圈中，是个有话题有热点的黑网红，曝出来的永远都是各种控制系统失控出车祸的新闻，这不最近又闯祸了。近日消息，特斯拉召回部分进口和国产Model 3、国产Model Y电动汽车，共计285520辆，召回的主要原因是车辆存在主动巡航控制系统安全隐患，易造成驾驶员在转弯或者在D挡位情形误激活主动巡航功能，可能出现车辆速度突增情形，极端情况下可能导致车辆发生碰撞。\n看起来非常吓人，毕竟是关系到用车安全的问题。特斯拉此次的大规模召回不是物理上将车返厂返点的方式，而是通过汽车远程升级OTA的技术，用户无需到店即可完成在线升级。看似很严重的安全隐患仅仅通过OTA升级安全包的更新就可以解决问题吗？这种召回方式，没有车厂后续的常规安全测试，总觉得让人不安，甚至也会让人对OTA技术本身是否安全有疑虑。那么OTA系统到底安全吗？想要回答这个问题，先从什么是OTA汽车聊起。\nOTA汽车到底是什么？\nOTA的全称“Over-The-Air”，即空中下载技术（远程升级技术），通过无线网络下载数据包从而对系统更新进而改善终端功能和服务的技术。我们的电脑和手机进行系统更新的时候也是用的这个OTA技术。OTA进行系统升级的目的就是修复系统漏洞、优化改善以获得更多的功能、性能提升，又或者是视觉效果的改善，且这种更新是通过联网后在线检测、匹配版本、下载新的代码到本地进而执行安装、校验等程序。\n\nOTA技术最早应用于的汽车就是在2012年特斯拉推出的ModeL S上，内容更新范围包括人机交互、自动驾驶、动力电池系统等模块，当时特斯拉可以通过OTA完成钥匙卡漏洞、提升续航里程、提高最高速度、提升乘坐舒适度等。\n汽车OTA技术根据升级固件的差异，可以分为SOTA（Software OTA，软件空中升级）和FOTA（Firmware OTA，固件空中升级），即整车OTA。其中，SOTA只能对车辆应用层软件更新，仅限车机、信息娱乐等软件，几乎没有硬件调度的能力，车企实现难度较小，市面上经常看到宣传的OTA汽车大多数都是仅具有SOTA技术。而FOTA是对车辆控制器的系统层进行升级，影响的是车的动力系统、电池管理等系统，比如可以对底盘、动力、ADAS等底层系统进行OS层的软件更新。\n搭载OTA技术的汽车跟传统的汽车主要的区别是：在性能方面，搭载OTA技术的汽车车载实现的功能更丰富，总的来说是从这几方面实现功能：可以修复系统bug，更新驱动，优化UI界面，删除问题APP，大版本升级等。大多数车用OTA一般是针对娱乐系统、导航等推出在线系统更新。\n其次是车辆遇到软件故障或是需要更新时，传统汽车需要将车开到4S店利用专业电脑修复，耗费的时间精力，而搭载OTA技术的汽车可以足不出户就完成车辆升级，修复问题，节省成本与时间。比如OTA汽车可以对汽车的ECU软件进行更新。ECU是汽车电子控制器，通俗的来说就是汽车的大脑，新车出厂时动力不会完全发挥出来，通常会留下一部分可提升的空间，刷ECU就是通过一些技术手段，在原厂发动机能承受的基础上对ECU进行编码，达到提升马力或扭矩的目的，传统汽车想要刷ECU需要借助原厂的技术，OTA汽车可以在线升级这种能力。\n从上述的描述可以看出搭载OTA技术的车辆实现的功能以及便捷性让人心动与青睐，但是因为OTA技术本身涉及到对车辆物理性能比如ECU改变、电池性能改变、以及车辆软件体验功能的改变，在这其中，也有一些暗礁可能被触及。\nOTA汽车是把双刃剑\n从传统车企的保守选择来看，大家没有照单全收这些美好的体验，没有那么热衷搭载也是有原因的，OTA汽车也是把双刃剑。\n\n首先是因为传统汽车成熟的研发周期和稳定的企业架构，想要实现OTA需要新匹配的元器件太多，产线与企业结构的改变成本太大，这些新的元器件都需要经过高成本的测试，汽车厂商不会将一堆未经测试考验的“半成品”集成后推向市场，影响生命财产安全。\n从技术原因分析来看，主要是跟传统汽车的结构有关。传统的汽车都是纯机械结构，动力单元非常复杂，喷油量、刹车系统、换挡逻辑、转向比、悬挂风格等参数关系标定，需要被工程师千万次调试测试到最佳安全状态才能出厂。而重新搭建OTA对于动力输出来说变得不稳定，破坏平衡的参数设定。\n除了因为物理硬件设备的安全隐患外，OTA技术在远程升级过程中，有被黑客攻击的风险。汽车在下载升级包的过程中，黑客可以利用网络手段将被病毒升级包发送给车辆，进而修改系统、远程控制、勒索钱财。如果遇到一些极端天气或者环境网络不稳定的情况，也会导致升级包出现漏洞，进而使得车辆升级失败。\n我们可以看到OTA技术在物理设备元器件本身的匹配以及协议和设计过程需要经过大量的安全测试，软硬件设备之间的链接耦合无论是哪个环节存在隐患，对于企业和车辆的安全都是生死存亡的问题，不能儿戏。拿特斯拉汽车此次召回事件来说，ACC自适应巡航控制的操作,常规的车企设计方案是采用按键式或者独立拨杆的操作开启自适应巡航功能，但是特斯拉在使用自适应巡航控制功能的时候容易有误操作，这是一个设计逻辑上的缺陷，特斯拉的解决方案是提升激活主动巡航的阈值，加入了其激活和退出的提醒，避免误触的可能再发生。\n小小的一个功能逻辑设定有误的话，也会带来万劫不复的结果，对于安全问题，不能假设所有人都是小心谨慎没有大脑短路的时候。如果关注车辆相关的的新闻召回事件屡见不鲜，对于软件故障，OTA可以通过升级可以解决部分故障，但是是否还会带来新的问题，也会是个亟待解决的问题。可以看到OTA技术对于车企而言，是把双刃剑，讨论其是否绝对安全也没有意义，OTA汽车的智能化之路，不会一蹴而就，一些系统的瑕疵需要时间去逐渐迭代优化，毕竟没有任何产品在设计之初就是完美的。\n\n目前整个市场发展的趋势就是车企逐渐在拥抱OTA技术，不会因为局部的限制因噎废食。OTA技术正成为智能汽车标配， 其技术渗透率提升尤为明显。有数据显示，在2020年全球售出的车辆中，有30％具有OTA功能。到2025年，该比例将上升至79％。而根据高工智能汽车研究院发布的数据，2020年中国市场新车OTA搭载率已经达到22.42%，预计今年将提升至35-40%。\n尽管不少车企在发布会卖力营销OTA升级技术，但裸泳的人也不少，大多数车企还是停留在SOTA升级层面，也就是娱乐互动层面的功能升级，能够进行整车OTA升级的车企屈指可数。目前有着整车OTA能力的是特斯拉、理想、小鹏、等新贵。而面向于整车OTA升级，才是智能汽车区别于传统汽车的一个非常显著的标志。从OTA汽车的发展历程上来看，汽车行业对于OTA的需求是逐步由零部件级、整车级、企业级发展到行业生态级。宝马、大众、上汽通用等传统车企在这个大的变革中积极改革进行电子架构重构，以实现整车OTA。\nOTA汽车未来的大考之路\n现在大部分车企都能做到车机娱乐系统的OTA，也就是 SOTA，但真正难啃的硬骨头是整车FOTA。因为其涉及整车制造商在新车上的电子架构、硬件配置以及软件自研能力。电子控制器需要与设备的更新机制进行深度整合，车辆在什么状态下进行刷写，如何确保确保更新过程的稳定性与安全性，这些实现上的难点都是要考虑的。比如汽车内部件的ECU（汽车电子控制元器件），它们在整车的架构中数量为几百个，连接在不同的通讯网络中，每条网络的数据传输协议不同，比较复杂，升级的控制器越多考量的网络通讯拓扑结构协议翻番难度上升，需要OTA供应商对每条通讯线路的特点有清晰的认知才能高效地实现软件升级。\n\n在信息安全方面，OTA数据传输的过程中，有被仿冒、窃取、攻击的潜在风险，在通讯过程中会被不怀好意的黑客挟持与篡改，可能导致车辆运行异常、隐私泄露、财务甚至是生命安全受到威胁。保障OTA汽车的安全升级之路尤为重要。OTA汽车厂商需要搭建设计完善的标识秘钥技术架构，验证机制与升级条件的限定需要双向把控，才能保障端云一体的信息安全体系。\nOTA汽车功能的实现背后依托网关协议、网络安全、算力算法技术持续开发等多方面能力发展，虽然电子模块与软件技术协同发展，在整车上应用的越来越多，但技术还是没有成熟到社会广泛认同的阶段，智能汽车的发展之路长途漫漫，更新和改善的空间还是很大，OTA汽车功能上的优化，服务的差异化需要同步进化，幸运的是我们会一起见证OTA汽车带来的惊喜。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"TSLA":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3046,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":437597964378304,"gmtCreate":1747809439877,"gmtModify":1747809441879,"author":{"id":"3568614602734225","authorId":"3568614602734225","name":"洞幽烛远","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0e72968722642d797ced5fcb63f2fec1","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3568614602734225","authorIdStr":"3568614602734225"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a 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