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Those who have experienced passionate stock trading: earned 10 million overnight, but woke up and owed 60 million
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09:43","market":"sh","language":"zh","title":"Those who have experienced passionate stock trading: earned 10 million overnight, but woke up and owed 60 million","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1184659292","media":"证券时报","summary":"全球投资者再一次见证历史。最近的美股市场，散户们通过使用期权和抱团，“热血式炒股”震动华尔街。28日美股交易时段，GME股价一度涨至483美元的历史新高，随后经历17次熔断，最终收跌超过40%。热门互联网券商们一度宣布限制相关“妖股”交易，并提高保证金要求。其他社群里也充斥着买入GME爆赚1000万港元，一觉醒来没平仓，却倒欠券商6000万港元的真实案例。","content":"<p><div>Global investors are once again witnessing history. In the recent U.S. stock market, retail investors shocked Wall Street by using options and grouping, and \"hot-blooded stock trading\". They pulled a stock that was about to be delisted, GME (Game Stop), from $3 to more than $400, beating up hedge funds, and attracting warnings from many American investment institutions. During the U.S. stock trading session on the 28th, GME's stock price once rose to a record high of US $483, then experienced 17 circuit breakers, and finally closed down by more than 40%. Popular Internet brokerages once announced restrictions on related \"demon stock\" trading and increased margin requirements. At this time, those who cannot open stock positions...</p><p><a href=\"https://news.windin.com/ns/findsnap.php?sourcetype=1&id=523011487&code=287E12A06280&show=wft&device=android&terminaltype=wft.m&version=20.9.1&lan=cn&share=wechat\">Web link</a></div></p>","source":"zqsbw","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Those who have experienced passionate stock trading: earned 10 million overnight, but woke up and owed 60 million</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nThose who have experienced passionate stock trading: earned 10 million overnight, but woke up and owed 60 million\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">证券时报</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-01-30 09:43</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><div>Global investors are once again witnessing history. In the recent U.S. stock market, retail investors shocked Wall Street by using options and grouping, and \"hot-blooded stock trading\". They pulled a stock that was about to be delisted, GME (Game Stop), from $3 to more than $400, beating up hedge funds, and attracting warnings from many American investment institutions. During the U.S. stock trading session on the 28th, GME's stock price once rose to a record high of US $483, then experienced 17 circuit breakers, and finally closed down by more than 40%. Popular Internet brokerages once announced restrictions on related \"demon stock\" trading and increased margin requirements. At this time, those who cannot open stock positions...</p><p><a href=\"https://news.windin.com/ns/findsnap.php?sourcetype=1&id=523011487&code=287E12A06280&show=wft&device=android&terminaltype=wft.m&version=20.9.1&lan=cn&share=wechat\">Web link</a></div></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://news.windin.com/ns/findsnap.php?sourcetype=1&id=523011487&code=287E12A06280&show=wft&device=android&terminaltype=wft.m&version=20.9.1&lan=cn&share=wechat\">证券时报</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8593d7bafc6da002b2ab4975d4711a90","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://news.windin.com/ns/findsnap.php?sourcetype=1&id=523011487&code=287E12A06280&show=wft&device=android&terminaltype=wft.m&version=20.9.1&lan=cn&share=wechat","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1184659292","content_text":"全球投资者再一次见证历史。最近的美股市场，散户们通过使用期权和抱团，“热血式炒股”震动华尔街。他们将一只行将退市的股票GME（游戏驿站）从3美元一路拉到超过400美元，痛打对冲基金，引得多家美国投资机构发出警告。28日美股交易时段，GME股价一度涨至483美元的历史新高，随后经历17次熔断，最终收跌超过40%。热门互联网券商们一度宣布限制相关“妖股”交易，并提高保证金要求。这时，开不了股票仓位的美股散户继续疯狂撒钱，更将“炮火”对准现货白银……证券时报记者发现，也有中国投资者参与这一史上罕见的散户抱团事件。在一个港股美股的打新群里，GME的话题刷屏，甚至有人用美股的模拟盘交易，轮番上演做多做空GME的账户秀。其他社群里也充斥着买入GME爆赚1000万港元，一觉醒来没平仓，却倒欠券商6000万港元的真实案例。虽然一些券商已恢复对GME等股票的交易，但散户们究竟怎么破局？华尔街机构又将如何反击？谁会取得所谓的“胜利”？对此，证券时报记者采访了几位亲身经历此次事件的美股投资者。在隔离酒店爆炒GME在美股散户抱团大战机构之时，散户集中地WallStreetsBets（WSB）论坛的一名用户发布一封公开信，斥责部分华尔街机构在2008年金融危机中给上百万普通民众制造莫大的苦难，却反而得到救助，如今又公然非法做空游戏驿站这样的股票，没有从危机中吸取丝毫教训。现在，散户就是在把握难得机会惩罚这些机构。在上海的隔离酒店中，一家香港投资公司的总经理俞于也参与了GME的交易，不过他并不是用机构的资金，而是纯个人参与。俞于告诉证券时报记者，在香港虽然有很多对冲基金，但行业里并没有那么疯狂。“这种机构很难参与，除非一早就买进去的，不然GME的估值根本过不了专业机构的风控，大资金买进去，怕风头过了，流动性都不够减仓。”俞于之所以会关注到GME，是因为自己平时就有做美股投资，所以在27日通过盈透证券350美元卖出，28日155美元实现平仓的，持仓一天实现了60%的收益。当时，他预判要支持GME股票持续上涨，需要一直有全球范围内的新闻曝光才能吸引更多资金进来，但这显然是不可持续的，长期股票价值还是要回归正常，所以决定花很小一点仓位做空。“本来我想持有一周以上，我预计要到周五才开始跌，周五有大量GME的期权到期，很多对冲基金就不需要再买入回补自己的空头仓位了。但28日晚跌得挺厉害，而后面的情况暂时无法预计，算了一下利润的情况下就平掉了。”他告诉记者。“我不认为散户会取得胜利”苏奇两年前从美国哥伦比亚大学毕业回国，现在任职深圳某大型投资机构。他对证券时报记者表示，他也使用了个人资金参与此次散户与机构的“大事件”，即使他并不认为散户最终会取得胜利。苏奇对游戏驿站公司做过分析，认为公司本身的经营属于正常水平，这类公司在美股市场上很常见，此前公司股价长期在10美元左右徘徊，但在股价涨到20美元后，就有投资机构开始做空公司股票，但也并没有脱离正常的投资范畴。他说，随着WallStreetsBets的意见领袖不断宣扬，以及更多个人投资者的加入，投资者情绪开始高涨，公司股价目前已被投资者情绪主导。不过，苏奇也认为，此次散户和机构之战，更深层次的原因是美国前总统特朗普在其任内对规则的挑战和对传统的蔑视，并且开始在资本市场产生影响。“个人投资者开始厌倦了由大型投资机构决定一家公司的价值和命运。在某个股票对投资机构进行阻击，即使不能完全改变市场的生态，也能让这部分投资者获得满足感。”苏奇还认为，美国大型科技股股价的大幅上涨，以及国内A股机构抱团的现象，都是由机构主导。不过，这些公司的价格并不能用传统估值模型来解释，更多的是机构利用资金优势在决定公司的股价。因此，此次散户大战机构是个人投资者“利用魔法打败魔法”。不仅华尔街的投资机构，国内的投资机构也应该反省，当前仅仅依靠资金的优势来决定公司的价值能否长期持续下去。摩根大通等投行指出，GME现象并非孤例，这些散户投资者可能进一步复制这一模式，让更多类似股票出现大幅波动。俞于也认为，类似现象肯定还会发生，在美国散户抱团快发展成为一项运动。“只要美国继续放水，类似的造富运动肯定还会继续发生，比如美股、比特币，甚至名牌包和手表、球鞋等有流量的资产其实过去一年的价格都涨了不少，加上互联网平台的传播，比如这次散户大本营的Discord和Reddit都是在美国年轻人里面很火的网站，更加剧了炒作的价值。交银国际董事总经理、研究部负责人洪灏日前也发微博表示，GME股价暴涨未必是投机的结果，其估值本就过低。暴涨前该公司账上有足够现金买下整个公司的市值，同时做空比例却占了股票数的一半。只要公司出任何盈利惊喜，就注定会出现轧空。摩根士丹利首席执行官James Gorman认为，散户抱团轧空是个“短期现象”，“不会持久”。给美股市场带来深刻影响大戏仍在继续，散户和机构都没有“服输”。在美国生活的新移民Kevin坦言，比起赚多少钱而言，他更多地将这次散户抱团事件称为带有“行为主义”色彩的美式运动，其背后也反映出美国社会的深层次矛盾。随着互联网传播加强，除了美股市场的GME、AMC，美股散户迅速转战新标的，周四直接推升了白银、币圈狗狗币等市场的价格，澳大利亚也有类似的抱团现象出现。事实上，美国资本市场中，机构占据绝对主导地位，散户在整个市场的占比仅约三四成，此次散户入市的资金来源和疫情息息相关。由于美国失业率节节攀升，美国中低收入民众收获不菲的现金补助。2020年4月，美国政府向每位民众发了1200美元补贴，12月，又表示要追加每人2000美元。随着拜登的上台，还颁布了1.9万亿美元的经济援助法案。“其实对于很多美国居民来说，政府的补贴是一笔意外之财，很多人都拿去投入股市，这次有号召力的那两个论坛里面的很多都是年轻人，他们在2008年金融危机发生的时候年纪还很小，可能也就是中学生，也会因此经历一些家庭的变故，比如失去房产、家庭负债、父母失业等等。”Kevin说，“现在这拨年轻人都长大了，二三十岁开始第一次进入股市，他们想要通过这种表达方式来对抗华尔街，在意见领袖的号召下，用抱团的行为向金融市场一些不公平的事情表达不满。”无论谁是谁非，此次散户与机构的大战或许会给美股市场带来更深层次的影响。美股分析师TOM告诉记者，由于散户买入巨量的看涨期权，被做空股票的价格大涨，做空股票的对冲基金在撑不到市场回归理性前被迫缴械投降，关闭空头头寸。同时，对冲基金不得不开始卖出其他股票持仓，或者期货对冲头寸，并减少整体敞口。市场数据显示，对冲基金正在以六年多来最快的速度削减股票敞口。根据高盛汇总的数据，基金经理在此前四天内，从市场撤出的资金总额达到2014年10月以来的最高水平。此外，危机之下大量机构资金疯狂买入美债避险。在他看来，这一切都是美股流动性危险的信号。（应受访投资者要求，文中所用名称均为化名。）","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2436,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"hots":[{"id":182803685,"gmtCreate":1623560501447,"gmtModify":1704206213013,"author":{"id":"3575069258528244","authorId":"3575069258528244","name":"其他昵称","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7c4de65917844b0e71da21a691b138c9","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3575069258528244","idStr":"3575069258528244"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a 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Ltd.(NNDM)$MMDN","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":2,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/182803685","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2610,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":312850729,"gmtCreate":1612105203061,"gmtModify":1704867255653,"author":{"id":"3575069258528244","authorId":"3575069258528244","name":"其他昵称","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7c4de65917844b0e71da21a691b138c9","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3575069258528244","idStr":"3575069258528244"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"?","listText":"?","text":"?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/312850729","repostId":"1184659292","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1184659292","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1611971007,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1184659292?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-01-30 09:43","market":"sh","language":"zh","title":"Those who have experienced passionate stock trading: earned 10 million overnight, but woke up and owed 60 million","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1184659292","media":"证券时报","summary":"全球投资者再一次见证历史。最近的美股市场，散户们通过使用期权和抱团，“热血式炒股”震动华尔街。28日美股交易时段，GME股价一度涨至483美元的历史新高，随后经历17次熔断，最终收跌超过40%。热门互联网券商们一度宣布限制相关“妖股”交易，并提高保证金要求。其他社群里也充斥着买入GME爆赚1000万港元，一觉醒来没平仓，却倒欠券商6000万港元的真实案例。","content":"<p><div>Global investors are once again witnessing history. In the recent U.S. stock market, retail investors shocked Wall Street by using options and grouping, and \"hot-blooded stock trading\". They pulled a stock that was about to be delisted, GME (Game Stop), from $3 to more than $400, beating up hedge funds, and attracting warnings from many American investment institutions. During the U.S. stock trading session on the 28th, GME's stock price once rose to a record high of US $483, then experienced 17 circuit breakers, and finally closed down by more than 40%. Popular Internet brokerages once announced restrictions on related \"demon stock\" trading and increased margin requirements. At this time, those who cannot open stock positions...</p><p><a href=\"https://news.windin.com/ns/findsnap.php?sourcetype=1&id=523011487&code=287E12A06280&show=wft&device=android&terminaltype=wft.m&version=20.9.1&lan=cn&share=wechat\">Web link</a></div></p>","source":"zqsbw","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Those who have experienced passionate stock trading: earned 10 million overnight, but woke up and owed 60 million</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nThose who have experienced passionate stock trading: earned 10 million overnight, but woke up and owed 60 million\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">证券时报</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-01-30 09:43</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><div>Global investors are once again witnessing history. In the recent U.S. stock market, retail investors shocked Wall Street by using options and grouping, and \"hot-blooded stock trading\". They pulled a stock that was about to be delisted, GME (Game Stop), from $3 to more than $400, beating up hedge funds, and attracting warnings from many American investment institutions. During the U.S. stock trading session on the 28th, GME's stock price once rose to a record high of US $483, then experienced 17 circuit breakers, and finally closed down by more than 40%. Popular Internet brokerages once announced restrictions on related \"demon stock\" trading and increased margin requirements. At this time, those who cannot open stock positions...</p><p><a href=\"https://news.windin.com/ns/findsnap.php?sourcetype=1&id=523011487&code=287E12A06280&show=wft&device=android&terminaltype=wft.m&version=20.9.1&lan=cn&share=wechat\">Web link</a></div></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://news.windin.com/ns/findsnap.php?sourcetype=1&id=523011487&code=287E12A06280&show=wft&device=android&terminaltype=wft.m&version=20.9.1&lan=cn&share=wechat\">证券时报</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8593d7bafc6da002b2ab4975d4711a90","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://news.windin.com/ns/findsnap.php?sourcetype=1&id=523011487&code=287E12A06280&show=wft&device=android&terminaltype=wft.m&version=20.9.1&lan=cn&share=wechat","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1184659292","content_text":"全球投资者再一次见证历史。最近的美股市场，散户们通过使用期权和抱团，“热血式炒股”震动华尔街。他们将一只行将退市的股票GME（游戏驿站）从3美元一路拉到超过400美元，痛打对冲基金，引得多家美国投资机构发出警告。28日美股交易时段，GME股价一度涨至483美元的历史新高，随后经历17次熔断，最终收跌超过40%。热门互联网券商们一度宣布限制相关“妖股”交易，并提高保证金要求。这时，开不了股票仓位的美股散户继续疯狂撒钱，更将“炮火”对准现货白银……证券时报记者发现，也有中国投资者参与这一史上罕见的散户抱团事件。在一个港股美股的打新群里，GME的话题刷屏，甚至有人用美股的模拟盘交易，轮番上演做多做空GME的账户秀。其他社群里也充斥着买入GME爆赚1000万港元，一觉醒来没平仓，却倒欠券商6000万港元的真实案例。虽然一些券商已恢复对GME等股票的交易，但散户们究竟怎么破局？华尔街机构又将如何反击？谁会取得所谓的“胜利”？对此，证券时报记者采访了几位亲身经历此次事件的美股投资者。在隔离酒店爆炒GME在美股散户抱团大战机构之时，散户集中地WallStreetsBets（WSB）论坛的一名用户发布一封公开信，斥责部分华尔街机构在2008年金融危机中给上百万普通民众制造莫大的苦难，却反而得到救助，如今又公然非法做空游戏驿站这样的股票，没有从危机中吸取丝毫教训。现在，散户就是在把握难得机会惩罚这些机构。在上海的隔离酒店中，一家香港投资公司的总经理俞于也参与了GME的交易，不过他并不是用机构的资金，而是纯个人参与。俞于告诉证券时报记者，在香港虽然有很多对冲基金，但行业里并没有那么疯狂。“这种机构很难参与，除非一早就买进去的，不然GME的估值根本过不了专业机构的风控，大资金买进去，怕风头过了，流动性都不够减仓。”俞于之所以会关注到GME，是因为自己平时就有做美股投资，所以在27日通过盈透证券350美元卖出，28日155美元实现平仓的，持仓一天实现了60%的收益。当时，他预判要支持GME股票持续上涨，需要一直有全球范围内的新闻曝光才能吸引更多资金进来，但这显然是不可持续的，长期股票价值还是要回归正常，所以决定花很小一点仓位做空。“本来我想持有一周以上，我预计要到周五才开始跌，周五有大量GME的期权到期，很多对冲基金就不需要再买入回补自己的空头仓位了。但28日晚跌得挺厉害，而后面的情况暂时无法预计，算了一下利润的情况下就平掉了。”他告诉记者。“我不认为散户会取得胜利”苏奇两年前从美国哥伦比亚大学毕业回国，现在任职深圳某大型投资机构。他对证券时报记者表示，他也使用了个人资金参与此次散户与机构的“大事件”，即使他并不认为散户最终会取得胜利。苏奇对游戏驿站公司做过分析，认为公司本身的经营属于正常水平，这类公司在美股市场上很常见，此前公司股价长期在10美元左右徘徊，但在股价涨到20美元后，就有投资机构开始做空公司股票，但也并没有脱离正常的投资范畴。他说，随着WallStreetsBets的意见领袖不断宣扬，以及更多个人投资者的加入，投资者情绪开始高涨，公司股价目前已被投资者情绪主导。不过，苏奇也认为，此次散户和机构之战，更深层次的原因是美国前总统特朗普在其任内对规则的挑战和对传统的蔑视，并且开始在资本市场产生影响。“个人投资者开始厌倦了由大型投资机构决定一家公司的价值和命运。在某个股票对投资机构进行阻击，即使不能完全改变市场的生态，也能让这部分投资者获得满足感。”苏奇还认为，美国大型科技股股价的大幅上涨，以及国内A股机构抱团的现象，都是由机构主导。不过，这些公司的价格并不能用传统估值模型来解释，更多的是机构利用资金优势在决定公司的股价。因此，此次散户大战机构是个人投资者“利用魔法打败魔法”。不仅华尔街的投资机构，国内的投资机构也应该反省，当前仅仅依靠资金的优势来决定公司的价值能否长期持续下去。摩根大通等投行指出，GME现象并非孤例，这些散户投资者可能进一步复制这一模式，让更多类似股票出现大幅波动。俞于也认为，类似现象肯定还会发生，在美国散户抱团快发展成为一项运动。“只要美国继续放水，类似的造富运动肯定还会继续发生，比如美股、比特币，甚至名牌包和手表、球鞋等有流量的资产其实过去一年的价格都涨了不少，加上互联网平台的传播，比如这次散户大本营的Discord和Reddit都是在美国年轻人里面很火的网站，更加剧了炒作的价值。交银国际董事总经理、研究部负责人洪灏日前也发微博表示，GME股价暴涨未必是投机的结果，其估值本就过低。暴涨前该公司账上有足够现金买下整个公司的市值，同时做空比例却占了股票数的一半。只要公司出任何盈利惊喜，就注定会出现轧空。摩根士丹利首席执行官James Gorman认为，散户抱团轧空是个“短期现象”，“不会持久”。给美股市场带来深刻影响大戏仍在继续，散户和机构都没有“服输”。在美国生活的新移民Kevin坦言，比起赚多少钱而言，他更多地将这次散户抱团事件称为带有“行为主义”色彩的美式运动，其背后也反映出美国社会的深层次矛盾。随着互联网传播加强，除了美股市场的GME、AMC，美股散户迅速转战新标的，周四直接推升了白银、币圈狗狗币等市场的价格，澳大利亚也有类似的抱团现象出现。事实上，美国资本市场中，机构占据绝对主导地位，散户在整个市场的占比仅约三四成，此次散户入市的资金来源和疫情息息相关。由于美国失业率节节攀升，美国中低收入民众收获不菲的现金补助。2020年4月，美国政府向每位民众发了1200美元补贴，12月，又表示要追加每人2000美元。随着拜登的上台，还颁布了1.9万亿美元的经济援助法案。“其实对于很多美国居民来说，政府的补贴是一笔意外之财，很多人都拿去投入股市，这次有号召力的那两个论坛里面的很多都是年轻人，他们在2008年金融危机发生的时候年纪还很小，可能也就是中学生，也会因此经历一些家庭的变故，比如失去房产、家庭负债、父母失业等等。”Kevin说，“现在这拨年轻人都长大了，二三十岁开始第一次进入股市，他们想要通过这种表达方式来对抗华尔街，在意见领袖的号召下，用抱团的行为向金融市场一些不公平的事情表达不满。”无论谁是谁非，此次散户与机构的大战或许会给美股市场带来更深层次的影响。美股分析师TOM告诉记者，由于散户买入巨量的看涨期权，被做空股票的价格大涨，做空股票的对冲基金在撑不到市场回归理性前被迫缴械投降，关闭空头头寸。同时，对冲基金不得不开始卖出其他股票持仓，或者期货对冲头寸，并减少整体敞口。市场数据显示，对冲基金正在以六年多来最快的速度削减股票敞口。根据高盛汇总的数据，基金经理在此前四天内，从市场撤出的资金总额达到2014年10月以来的最高水平。此外，危机之下大量机构资金疯狂买入美债避险。在他看来，这一切都是美股流动性危险的信号。（应受访投资者要求，文中所用名称均为化名。）","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2436,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"lives":[]}
