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Becca24
2021-06-16
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Becca24
2021-06-16
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19:49","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Crypto Die-Hards Built a $90 Billion Wall Street on the Internet","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1160929405","media":".bloomberg","summary":"Money manager Vladimir Vishnevskiy can earn anegative interest ratefor holding a European government","content":"<p>Money manager Vladimir Vishnevskiy can earn anegative interest ratefor holding a European government bond. Or he can pocket the annual equivalent of a 20% yield for locking money up in one of the wilder corners of the crypto market, known as decentralized finance, or DeFi.</p>\n<p>He decided to go for the 20%. “You can’t get those yields in the traditional space,” says the co-founder of Swiss-based St. Gotthard Fund Management, which runs a portfolio designed to squeeze income out of crypto assets. The strategy is so new that even Wall Street pros may have trouble wrapping their heads around it. Take what you might know about Bitcoin—that it’s a digital currency that exists only on an online ledger governed by computer code. Now make it even more mind-bending, and imagine the code isn’t just recording transactions. It’s running lending platforms, insurers and financial markets with little human intermediation. That’sDeFi.</p>\n<p>Traders like Vishnevskiy can collect yields by committing in the form of crypto tokens the capital that’s needed to make these disembodied and largely unregulated financial institutions run. At the peak last month, investors put in as much as $86 billion into various DeFi programs, compared with just under $1 billion a year ago, DeFi Pulse data show.</p>\n<p>It’s a young, volatile, and hack-prone system. (One of the first decentralized projects, a fund called the DAO, was the victim of aspectacular $55 million theftby someone taking advantage of a flaw in its code to siphon off funds.) And for now, it’s mostly a crypto world built for thecrypto universe. The decentralized lenders are largely taking crypto deposits to make loans to people looking for leverage on crypto bets; the decentralized exchanges are used for trading crypto coins; the decentralized insurers cover crypto hacks.</p>\n<p>The big yields investors can earn are denominated not in dollars or euros but in often-obscure tokens. Critics of DeFi say some projects can resemble a Ponzi scheme: Early investors depend on others piling into tokens that still have limited real-world utility. If returns are high, it’s largely because of investors’ voracious appetite for more digital assets. And since DeFi projects don’t need to live in any physical location, they’re difficult to regulate, making the space vulnerable to scams and money laundering schemes. Still, DeFi’s advocates think the technology has the power to open up markets and build new kinds of financial products.</p>\n<p>To see how a DeFi program works, look atSushiSwap, a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange that started last year. It’s based on the code of another DeFi exchange calledUniswap. Like any exchange—from better-known crypto trading apps such asCoinbaseto stock markets likeNasdaq—SushiSwap depends on liquidity, or the ability to make sure buyers can find the tokens they want and sellers can get a price they think is fair. To do that in a decentralized way, SushiSwap creates liquidity pools that pair any two coins that traders might want to swap—for example, Ethereum, thesecond-most-popular cryptocurrencyand DeFi’s backbone, and the exchange’s own token, Sushi.</p>\n<p>Investors like Vishnevskiy buy both tokens and then temporarily lock them into the pool, where they’re available to traders. An algorithm adjusts prices of both tokens to reflect relative changes in demand. The exchange also charges a fee for trading. When Vishnevskiy gets his tokens back, he also gets a portion of the fees generated from transactions made in the pool, as well as free additional Sushi tokens. (The added Sushi tokens can be earned on other trading pairs, not only those involving Sushi.) That, the exchange’s software surmises, amounts to an annualized 20% yield.</p>\n<p>Other DeFi protocols may pay yields to people who make their crypto available for someone else to borrow. For example, traders might want to borrowstablecoins—tokens whose value is linked to that of a traditional currency such as the dollar—to buy more Bitcoin on platforms that don’t take traditional currencies.</p>\n<p>If that sounds complicated, it is. Yields in DeFi are mostly projected from recent market trends and could drop quickly. Some investors who call themselves yield farmers are constantly moving their money trying to generate income, but crypto transaction costs called “gas” fees can eat up profits. Moreover, the cryptocurrencies these yields get paid in can fluctuate wildly in value. When Bitcoin slid as much as 10% on one recent day, popular DeFi coins such as Uniswap’s fell almost 20%.</p>\n<p>Other risks that come with any cryptocurrency still apply:Regulatory scrutinywill probably grow, which might shut down or hamper some projects and blow up the value of associated tokens. Founders of DeFi projects who’ve hoarded the coins created to run them could suddenly cash out, causing prices to drop. SushiSwap’s pseudonymous creator, Chef Nomi, sold tokens worth roughly $13 million in September before reversing course amid community outrage.</p>\n<p>“You can’t get those yields in the traditional space”</p>\n<p>The history of crypto is filled with cautionary tales about investments riding a wave of hype and then falling apart. Around 2018, so-called initial coin offerings raised billions of dollars for projects, most of which turned out to be duds. DeFi converts say the difference now is that applications such as exchanges and lenders are generating revenue, even if just from crypto speculation. Uniswap, which announces its user statistics in real time, had trading volume of $813 million in one recent 24-hour period, generating $1.8 million in fees for those staking their tokens in its liquidity pool.</p>\n<p>What about the value of the tokens many DeFi projects give out? These coins aren’t exactly equity and don’t always confer any direct claim to profits. Often they give holders voting rights on the future of the project; investors may be hoping that as the protocols they’re associated with grow in popularity, so will the coins. But some DeFi platforms might not be as successful as they seem. Aleksander Kloda, who co-manages a DeFi fund at Nickel Digital Asset Management, says participation may be driven less by the value of a service than by the promise of free tokens. “In the short term, they can really make the picture a lot more difficult to read,” he says. “The logic is not quite correct if the volumes are only there because of the additional motivation the protocol gives you to participate.” As an investor, he tries to identify projects that have built up sustainable volume even without tantalizing yields.</p>\n<p>Advocates of DeFi say the idea is still in its infancy, and it could eventually broaden its uses and reach into more traditional areas of finance. Their dream is a financial system run on the internet that doesn’t involve a credit officer at a JPMorgan branch, or a Citadel Securities investing in high-frequency infrastructure tokeep stock trading liquid.</p>\n<p>But Elaine Ou, a blockchain engineer at Global Financial Access, argues there’s nothing wrong with DeFi being used only for crypto trading, either. “Look at Vegas and Macau—part of the reason they’re so valuable is that they allow you to do what other jurisdictions have banned,” says Ou, who alsowritesfor Bloomberg Opinion. “It is possible to build an entire industry up around speculation.”</p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Crypto Die-Hards Built a $90 Billion Wall Street on the Internet</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCrypto Die-Hards Built a $90 Billion Wall Street on the Internet\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-06-16 19:49 GMT+8 <a href=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-16/defi-platforms-with-names-like-sushiswap-aim-to-be-nasdaq-for-crypto><strong>.bloomberg</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Money manager Vladimir Vishnevskiy can earn anegative interest ratefor holding a European government bond. Or he can pocket the annual equivalent of a 20% yield for locking money up in one of the ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-16/defi-platforms-with-names-like-sushiswap-aim-to-be-nasdaq-for-crypto\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"GBTC":"Grayscale Bitcoin Trust"},"source_url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-16/defi-platforms-with-names-like-sushiswap-aim-to-be-nasdaq-for-crypto","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1160929405","content_text":"Money manager Vladimir Vishnevskiy can earn anegative interest ratefor holding a European government bond. Or he can pocket the annual equivalent of a 20% yield for locking money up in one of the wilder corners of the crypto market, known as decentralized finance, or DeFi.\nHe decided to go for the 20%. “You can’t get those yields in the traditional space,” says the co-founder of Swiss-based St. Gotthard Fund Management, which runs a portfolio designed to squeeze income out of crypto assets. The strategy is so new that even Wall Street pros may have trouble wrapping their heads around it. Take what you might know about Bitcoin—that it’s a digital currency that exists only on an online ledger governed by computer code. Now make it even more mind-bending, and imagine the code isn’t just recording transactions. It’s running lending platforms, insurers and financial markets with little human intermediation. That’sDeFi.\nTraders like Vishnevskiy can collect yields by committing in the form of crypto tokens the capital that’s needed to make these disembodied and largely unregulated financial institutions run. At the peak last month, investors put in as much as $86 billion into various DeFi programs, compared with just under $1 billion a year ago, DeFi Pulse data show.\nIt’s a young, volatile, and hack-prone system. (One of the first decentralized projects, a fund called the DAO, was the victim of aspectacular $55 million theftby someone taking advantage of a flaw in its code to siphon off funds.) And for now, it’s mostly a crypto world built for thecrypto universe. The decentralized lenders are largely taking crypto deposits to make loans to people looking for leverage on crypto bets; the decentralized exchanges are used for trading crypto coins; the decentralized insurers cover crypto hacks.\nThe big yields investors can earn are denominated not in dollars or euros but in often-obscure tokens. Critics of DeFi say some projects can resemble a Ponzi scheme: Early investors depend on others piling into tokens that still have limited real-world utility. If returns are high, it’s largely because of investors’ voracious appetite for more digital assets. And since DeFi projects don’t need to live in any physical location, they’re difficult to regulate, making the space vulnerable to scams and money laundering schemes. Still, DeFi’s advocates think the technology has the power to open up markets and build new kinds of financial products.\nTo see how a DeFi program works, look atSushiSwap, a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange that started last year. It’s based on the code of another DeFi exchange calledUniswap. Like any exchange—from better-known crypto trading apps such asCoinbaseto stock markets likeNasdaq—SushiSwap depends on liquidity, or the ability to make sure buyers can find the tokens they want and sellers can get a price they think is fair. To do that in a decentralized way, SushiSwap creates liquidity pools that pair any two coins that traders might want to swap—for example, Ethereum, thesecond-most-popular cryptocurrencyand DeFi’s backbone, and the exchange’s own token, Sushi.\nInvestors like Vishnevskiy buy both tokens and then temporarily lock them into the pool, where they’re available to traders. An algorithm adjusts prices of both tokens to reflect relative changes in demand. The exchange also charges a fee for trading. When Vishnevskiy gets his tokens back, he also gets a portion of the fees generated from transactions made in the pool, as well as free additional Sushi tokens. (The added Sushi tokens can be earned on other trading pairs, not only those involving Sushi.) That, the exchange’s software surmises, amounts to an annualized 20% yield.\nOther DeFi protocols may pay yields to people who make their crypto available for someone else to borrow. For example, traders might want to borrowstablecoins—tokens whose value is linked to that of a traditional currency such as the dollar—to buy more Bitcoin on platforms that don’t take traditional currencies.\nIf that sounds complicated, it is. Yields in DeFi are mostly projected from recent market trends and could drop quickly. Some investors who call themselves yield farmers are constantly moving their money trying to generate income, but crypto transaction costs called “gas” fees can eat up profits. Moreover, the cryptocurrencies these yields get paid in can fluctuate wildly in value. When Bitcoin slid as much as 10% on one recent day, popular DeFi coins such as Uniswap’s fell almost 20%.\nOther risks that come with any cryptocurrency still apply:Regulatory scrutinywill probably grow, which might shut down or hamper some projects and blow up the value of associated tokens. Founders of DeFi projects who’ve hoarded the coins created to run them could suddenly cash out, causing prices to drop. SushiSwap’s pseudonymous creator, Chef Nomi, sold tokens worth roughly $13 million in September before reversing course amid community outrage.\n“You can’t get those yields in the traditional space”\nThe history of crypto is filled with cautionary tales about investments riding a wave of hype and then falling apart. Around 2018, so-called initial coin offerings raised billions of dollars for projects, most of which turned out to be duds. DeFi converts say the difference now is that applications such as exchanges and lenders are generating revenue, even if just from crypto speculation. Uniswap, which announces its user statistics in real time, had trading volume of $813 million in one recent 24-hour period, generating $1.8 million in fees for those staking their tokens in its liquidity pool.\nWhat about the value of the tokens many DeFi projects give out? These coins aren’t exactly equity and don’t always confer any direct claim to profits. Often they give holders voting rights on the future of the project; investors may be hoping that as the protocols they’re associated with grow in popularity, so will the coins. But some DeFi platforms might not be as successful as they seem. Aleksander Kloda, who co-manages a DeFi fund at Nickel Digital Asset Management, says participation may be driven less by the value of a service than by the promise of free tokens. “In the short term, they can really make the picture a lot more difficult to read,” he says. “The logic is not quite correct if the volumes are only there because of the additional motivation the protocol gives you to participate.” As an investor, he tries to identify projects that have built up sustainable volume even without tantalizing yields.\nAdvocates of DeFi say the idea is still in its infancy, and it could eventually broaden its uses and reach into more traditional areas of finance. Their dream is a financial system run on the internet that doesn’t involve a credit officer at a JPMorgan branch, or a Citadel Securities investing in high-frequency infrastructure tokeep stock trading liquid.\nBut Elaine Ou, a blockchain engineer at Global Financial Access, argues there’s nothing wrong with DeFi being used only for crypto trading, either. “Look at Vegas and Macau—part of the reason they’re so valuable is that they allow you to do what other jurisdictions have banned,” says Ou, who alsowritesfor Bloomberg Opinion. “It is possible to build an entire industry up around speculation.”","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":337,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":169490486,"gmtCreate":1623846254445,"gmtModify":1703821184651,"author":{"id":"3575233929847907","authorId":"3575233929847907","name":"Becca24","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3575233929847907","authorIdStr":"3575233929847907"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"sweet","listText":"sweet","text":"sweet","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/169490486","repostId":"1128941988","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1128941988","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1623841860,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1128941988?lang=&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-06-16 19:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Cathay working with Airbus on single-pilot system for long-haul","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1128941988","media":"Reuters","summary":"PARIS (Reuters) - Cathay Pacific is working with Airbus to introduce \"reduced crew\" long-haul flight","content":"<p>PARIS (Reuters) - Cathay Pacific is working with Airbus to introduce \"reduced crew\" long-haul flights with a sole pilot in the cockpit much of the time, industry sources told Reuters.</p>\n<p>The programme, known within Airbus as Project Connect, aims to certify its A350 jet for single-pilot operations during high-altitude cruise, starting in 2025 on Cathay passenger flights, the sources said.</p>\n<p>High hurdles remain on the path to international acceptance. Once cleared, longer flights would become possible with a pair of pilots alternating rest breaks, instead of the three or four currently needed to maintain at least two in the cockpit.</p>\n<p>That promises savings for airlines, amid uncertainty over the post-pandemic economics of intercontinental flying. But it is likely to encounter resistance from pilots already hit by mass layoffs, and safety concerns about aircraft automation.</p>\n<p>Lufthansa has also worked on the single-pilot programme but currently has no plans to use it, a spokesman for the German carrier told Reuters.</p>\n<p>Cathay Pacific Airways confirmed its involvement but said no decision had been made on eventual deployment.</p>\n<p>\"While we are engaging with Airbus in the development of the concept of reduced crew operations, we have not committed in any way to being the launch customer,\" the Hong Kong carrier said.</p>\n<p>Commercial implementation would first require extensive testing, regulatory approval and pilot training with \"absolutely no compromise on safety\", Cathay said.</p>\n<p>\"The appropriateness and effectiveness of any such rollout as well as (the) overall cost-benefit analysis (will) ultimately depend on how the pandemic plays out.\"</p>\n<p>It added: \"Having said that, we will continue to engage with Airbus and to support development of the concept.\"</p>\n<p>Airbus has previously disclosed plans to add single-pilot capability to the A350, but the airlines' participation had not been reported. Work has resumed after the COVID-19 crisis paused the programme, Chief Test Pilot Christophe Cail said.</p>\n<p>\"We've proven over decades we can enhance safety by putting the latest technology in aircraft,\" Cail told Reuters, declining to identify project partners. \"As for any design evolution, we are working with airlines.\"</p>\n<p>VITAL SIGNS</p>\n<p>Safe deployment will require constant monitoring of the solo pilot's alertness and vital signs by on-board systems, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has said.</p>\n<p>If the flight encounters a problem or the pilot flying is incapacitated, the resting copilot can be summoned within minutes. Both remain in the cockpit for take-off and landing.</p>\n<p>\"Typically on long-haul flights when you're at cruise altitude there's very little happening in the cockpit,\" EASA chief Patrick Ky told a German press briefing in January.</p>\n<p>\"It makes sense to say OK, instead of having two in the cockpit, we can have one in the cockpit, the other one taking a rest, provided we're implementing technical solutions which make sure that if the single one falls asleep or has any problem, there won't be any unsafe conditions.\"</p>\n<p>Pilot groups have voiced alarm.</p>\n<p>\"We struggle to understand the rationale,\" said Otjan de Bruijn, head of the European Cockpit Association representing EU pilots.</p>\n<p>Invoking the 737 MAX crisis, which exposed Boeing's inappropriate links to U.S. regulators, De Bruijn said the programme's cost-cutting approach \"could lead to higher risks\".</p>\n<p>Single-pilot operations, currently limited to planes with up to nine passengers, would need backing from U.N. aviation body ICAO and countries whose airspace they cross. China's support is key to any Cathay deployment.</p>\n<p>EASA plans consultations this year and certification work in 2022, while acknowledging \"significant risk\" to the 2025 launch date, a spokesman said.</p>\n<p>In a closed-door industry briefing this year, the agency suggested reduced-crew flights would begin with a single operator, according to notes of the meeting reviewed by Reuters.</p>\n<p>EMERGENCY DESCENT</p>\n<p>Airbus has designed an A350 autopilot upgrade and flight warning system changes to help a lone pilot manage failures, sources close to the project said.</p>\n<p>The mid-sized plane is suitable because of its \"emergency descent\" feature that quickly reduces altitude without pilot input in the event of cabin depressurisation.</p>\n<p>Proponents suggest single-pilot operations may be accepted by a flying public used to crew leaving the cockpit for bathroom breaks. They also point to higher error rates from human pilots than automated systems.</p>\n<p>Both arguments miss the point, according to a source close to Lufthansa - who said the airline's executives were advised last year that the programme could not meet safety goals.</p>\n<p>Flying solo for hours is a \"completely different story\", the source said, citing the 2009 AF447 disaster as an example of malfunctions occurring in cruise. The Air France A330's copilots lost control after its speed sensors failed over the Atlantic, while the captain was resting.</p>\n<p>\"Airbus would have had to make sure every situation can be handled autonomously without any pilot input for 15 minutes,\" the source said. \"And that couldn't be guaranteed.\"</p>\n<p>Lufthansa has not withdrawn from Project Connect and remains involved as an adviser, its spokesman said.</p>\n<p>While the airline has no plans to deploy single-pilot operations, he added, \"the suggestion that Lufthansa was an essential part of the project and then pulled back is not true.\"</p>\n<p>Single-pilot capability would add an A350 sales argument, experts say, and rival Boeing lacks an equivalent model with sufficient automation.</p>\n<p>Filippo Tomasello, a former EASA official, said the payroll and accommodation savings for long-haul crew would not be lost on airlines.</p>\n<p>\"COVID may end up accelerating this evolution because it's putting tremendous economic pressure on aviation,\" Tomasello predicted.</p>\n<p>\"If EASA certifies this solution, airlines will use it.\"</p>","source":"lsy1612507957220","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Cathay working with Airbus on single-pilot system for long-haul</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; 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overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCathay working with Airbus on single-pilot system for long-haul\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-06-16 19:11 GMT+8 <a href=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/exclusive-cathay-working-airbus-single-110037523.html><strong>Reuters</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>PARIS (Reuters) - Cathay Pacific is working with Airbus to introduce \"reduced crew\" long-haul flights with a sole pilot in the cockpit much of the time, industry sources told Reuters.\nThe programme, ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/exclusive-cathay-working-airbus-single-110037523.html\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"0KVV.UK":"空中客车集团"},"source_url":"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/exclusive-cathay-working-airbus-single-110037523.html","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1128941988","content_text":"PARIS (Reuters) - Cathay Pacific is working with Airbus to introduce \"reduced crew\" long-haul flights with a sole pilot in the cockpit much of the time, industry sources told Reuters.\nThe programme, known within Airbus as Project Connect, aims to certify its A350 jet for single-pilot operations during high-altitude cruise, starting in 2025 on Cathay passenger flights, the sources said.\nHigh hurdles remain on the path to international acceptance. Once cleared, longer flights would become possible with a pair of pilots alternating rest breaks, instead of the three or four currently needed to maintain at least two in the cockpit.\nThat promises savings for airlines, amid uncertainty over the post-pandemic economics of intercontinental flying. But it is likely to encounter resistance from pilots already hit by mass layoffs, and safety concerns about aircraft automation.\nLufthansa has also worked on the single-pilot programme but currently has no plans to use it, a spokesman for the German carrier told Reuters.\nCathay Pacific Airways confirmed its involvement but said no decision had been made on eventual deployment.\n\"While we are engaging with Airbus in the development of the concept of reduced crew operations, we have not committed in any way to being the launch customer,\" the Hong Kong carrier said.\nCommercial implementation would first require extensive testing, regulatory approval and pilot training with \"absolutely no compromise on safety\", Cathay said.\n\"The appropriateness and effectiveness of any such rollout as well as (the) overall cost-benefit analysis (will) ultimately depend on how the pandemic plays out.\"\nIt added: \"Having said that, we will continue to engage with Airbus and to support development of the concept.\"\nAirbus has previously disclosed plans to add single-pilot capability to the A350, but the airlines' participation had not been reported. Work has resumed after the COVID-19 crisis paused the programme, Chief Test Pilot Christophe Cail said.\n\"We've proven over decades we can enhance safety by putting the latest technology in aircraft,\" Cail told Reuters, declining to identify project partners. \"As for any design evolution, we are working with airlines.\"\nVITAL SIGNS\nSafe deployment will require constant monitoring of the solo pilot's alertness and vital signs by on-board systems, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has said.\nIf the flight encounters a problem or the pilot flying is incapacitated, the resting copilot can be summoned within minutes. Both remain in the cockpit for take-off and landing.\n\"Typically on long-haul flights when you're at cruise altitude there's very little happening in the cockpit,\" EASA chief Patrick Ky told a German press briefing in January.\n\"It makes sense to say OK, instead of having two in the cockpit, we can have one in the cockpit, the other one taking a rest, provided we're implementing technical solutions which make sure that if the single one falls asleep or has any problem, there won't be any unsafe conditions.\"\nPilot groups have voiced alarm.\n\"We struggle to understand the rationale,\" said Otjan de Bruijn, head of the European Cockpit Association representing EU pilots.\nInvoking the 737 MAX crisis, which exposed Boeing's inappropriate links to U.S. regulators, De Bruijn said the programme's cost-cutting approach \"could lead to higher risks\".\nSingle-pilot operations, currently limited to planes with up to nine passengers, would need backing from U.N. aviation body ICAO and countries whose airspace they cross. China's support is key to any Cathay deployment.\nEASA plans consultations this year and certification work in 2022, while acknowledging \"significant risk\" to the 2025 launch date, a spokesman said.\nIn a closed-door industry briefing this year, the agency suggested reduced-crew flights would begin with a single operator, according to notes of the meeting reviewed by Reuters.\nEMERGENCY DESCENT\nAirbus has designed an A350 autopilot upgrade and flight warning system changes to help a lone pilot manage failures, sources close to the project said.\nThe mid-sized plane is suitable because of its \"emergency descent\" feature that quickly reduces altitude without pilot input in the event of cabin depressurisation.\nProponents suggest single-pilot operations may be accepted by a flying public used to crew leaving the cockpit for bathroom breaks. They also point to higher error rates from human pilots than automated systems.\nBoth arguments miss the point, according to a source close to Lufthansa - who said the airline's executives were advised last year that the programme could not meet safety goals.\nFlying solo for hours is a \"completely different story\", the source said, citing the 2009 AF447 disaster as an example of malfunctions occurring in cruise. The Air France A330's copilots lost control after its speed sensors failed over the Atlantic, while the captain was resting.\n\"Airbus would have had to make sure every situation can be handled autonomously without any pilot input for 15 minutes,\" the source said. \"And that couldn't be guaranteed.\"\nLufthansa has not withdrawn from Project Connect and remains involved as an adviser, its spokesman said.\nWhile the airline has no plans to deploy single-pilot operations, he added, \"the suggestion that Lufthansa was an essential part of the project and then pulled back is not true.\"\nSingle-pilot capability would add an A350 sales argument, experts say, and rival Boeing lacks an equivalent model with sufficient automation.\nFilippo Tomasello, a former EASA official, said the payroll and accommodation savings for long-haul crew would not be lost on airlines.\n\"COVID may end up accelerating this evolution because it's putting tremendous economic pressure on aviation,\" Tomasello predicted.\n\"If EASA certifies this solution, airlines will use it.\"","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":350,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"lives":[]}
