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hueilau
2021-04-28
Worth reading it
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hueilau
2021-04-19
Nice
XPeng stock jumped 3.2% in premarket action
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The XPILOT 3.5 system will enable enhanced neural networking capabilities, and advancements in digital mapping and obstacle-recognition functionalities that are expected to lead to safer navigation, reduction in accidents as well as commuter comfort. The XPILOT 3.5 architecture will have an updated version of Navigated Guided Pilot, which is also designed for city roads, in addition to highways. Meanwhile, the Xmart OS 3.0 platform will help in offering full scenario voice assistance. The P5 model aims to bring about high level of technological advancement for smart electric cars, which is increasingly essential in China’s crowded EV market.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6d9b8dbb2d660e848aa7a8490f448075\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"XPEV":"小鹏汽车"},"is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1155710795","content_text":"XPeng stock jumped 3.2% in premarket action after XPeng launching its third production model, named P5.The P5 model, boasting XPeng’s proprietary XPILOT 3.5 system and Xmart 3.0, is likely to be a game changer for the company. 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The P5 model aims to bring about high level of technological advancement for smart electric cars, which is increasingly essential in China’s crowded EV market.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6d9b8dbb2d660e848aa7a8490f448075\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>XPeng stock jumped 3.2% in premarket action</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nXPeng stock jumped 3.2% in premarket action\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1079075236\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">Tiger Newspress </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2021-04-19 16:38</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>XPeng stock jumped 3.2% in premarket action after XPeng launching its third production model, named P5.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/cd65451f607cb3c420746c93a366884b\" tg-width=\"1302\" tg-height=\"833\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>The P5 model, boasting XPeng’s proprietary XPILOT 3.5 system and Xmart 3.0, is likely to be a game changer for the company. The XPILOT 3.5 system will enable enhanced neural networking capabilities, and advancements in digital mapping and obstacle-recognition functionalities that are expected to lead to safer navigation, reduction in accidents as well as commuter comfort. The XPILOT 3.5 architecture will have an updated version of Navigated Guided Pilot, which is also designed for city roads, in addition to highways. Meanwhile, the Xmart OS 3.0 platform will help in offering full scenario voice assistance. The P5 model aims to bring about high level of technological advancement for smart electric cars, which is increasingly essential in China’s crowded EV market.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6d9b8dbb2d660e848aa7a8490f448075\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"XPEV":"小鹏汽车"},"is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1155710795","content_text":"XPeng stock jumped 3.2% in premarket action after XPeng launching its third production model, named P5.The P5 model, boasting XPeng’s proprietary XPILOT 3.5 system and Xmart 3.0, is likely to be a game changer for the company. The XPILOT 3.5 system will enable enhanced neural networking capabilities, and advancements in digital mapping and obstacle-recognition functionalities that are expected to lead to safer navigation, reduction in accidents as well as commuter comfort. The XPILOT 3.5 architecture will have an updated version of Navigated Guided Pilot, which is also designed for city roads, in addition to highways. Meanwhile, the Xmart OS 3.0 platform will help in offering full scenario voice assistance. The P5 model aims to bring about high level of technological advancement for smart electric cars, which is increasingly essential in China’s crowded EV market.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":193,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":100572576,"gmtCreate":1619624977795,"gmtModify":1704727064558,"author":{"id":"3578733005241237","authorId":"3578733005241237","name":"hueilau","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/354a5fd92ec92d8f4abe02bc263cff9c","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3578733005241237","authorIdStr":"3578733005241237"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Worth reading it","listText":"Worth reading it","text":"Worth reading it","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/100572576","repostId":"1150724606","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"1150724606","pubTimestamp":1620212422,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1150724606?lang=&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-05-05 19:00","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"深度复盘:亚马逊AWS帝国,是如何被微软奇袭的?","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1150724606","media":"表外表里","summary":"当摄相机镜头扫过2006年谷歌搜索引擎大会现场,52岁的埃里克·施密特正坐在采访席侃侃而谈:“它以数据服务和体系结构应该在服务器上为前提,我们称其为云计算。”那是“云计算”概念的首次问世。紧接着,这位","content":"<p>当摄相机镜头扫过2006年<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GOOG\">谷歌</a>搜索引擎大会现场,52岁的埃里克·施密特正坐在采访席侃侃而谈:“它以数据服务和体系结构应该在服务器上为前提,我们称其为云计算。”</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/85ec761e718e4edf8fc7bccd3f2239a0\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"366\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>那是“云计算”概念的首次问世。</p><p>紧接着,这位谷歌当时的CEO带着招牌式微笑话锋一转,不客气地说道:“我认为人们并没有真正理解(云计算)这个机会到底有多大,但谷歌将沿着这条路走下去。”</p><p>他的话音刚落十几天,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMZN\">亚马逊</a>便向公众开放了自己的云服务平台(AWS)。</p><p>与之相比,谷歌的程序引擎Google App Engine(云服务)直到2008年4月才对外发布。</p><p>真是“起个大早,赶个晚集,小丑竟是我自己”。</p><p>而“半路杀出”的亚马逊AWS,则凭借先发优势,成为亚马逊最赚钱的业务。</p><p>有多赚钱呢?</p><p>数据显示,2019年亚马逊总经营利润136.81亿美元,AWS贡献了92亿美元,占比67%。相当于亚马逊2019赚100块钱的话,有67块都是云业务赚的。</p><p>目前,已有投行分析机构,单独对亚马逊云业务给出4256亿美元的估值,与其主营电商业务的4865亿美金估值不分伯仲。</p><p>如此“吸金”能力,让外界洞察AWS实力的同时,也让大众清楚地认识到了云计算的广阔前景。</p><p>“云计算”进入下半场,谷歌云新任CEO托马斯·库里安宣称,要加码云计算销售投入,与亚马逊一较高下;<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MSFT\">微软</a>“云计算为先、移动为先”的转型口号也透露着加码云计算的“雄心壮志”。</p><p>劲敌环伺,亚马逊没能一直笑下去。</p><p>2018年开始,亚马逊云IaaS业务的市场份额出现持续下滑,侵蚀其市场优势的正是后进者微软云。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6592ef0e3115109e457689f569154f65\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"448\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>从挑战者到被挑战者,AWS角色转变的背后,是云计算行业竞争环境的变化:由战略布局速度的竞争,转变为增值价值的较量。</p><p><b>云计算是好业务,也是“苦活”</b></p><p>云计算的故事虽然好嗑,可当其只是作为概念推广的阶段,将它重视起来的公司很少,原因在于这是一个“烧钱不眨眼”的行当。</p><p>据谷歌技术基础设施高级副总裁乌尔兹·霍尔斯表示:单个谷歌云计算区域的造价为 3~6 亿 美元。</p><p>那么,这是什么概念呢?</p><p>试想一下,2010年左右,国内超过10亿美金的互联网企业能有几个,那时候<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00700\">腾讯</a>的市值不过400亿美金左右,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/JD\">京东</a>的估值仅有100亿美金上下。这样的项目弄十个,差不多一个京东就没了,谁搞得起。</p><p>但对于云计算来说,除此“重资产积累”之外,没有捷径可走。</p><p>有人形象地将“云计算”类比为房子,“云计算”厂商扮演的即是房地产开发商或者房东(建房子)角色,用户则是租用房子的企业。</p><p>涉足云计算领域,提供IaaS服务像建房子一样是基础。提供商需自行建设数据中心,并购买服务器存储等基础设施。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7bc4e7ca0191366b35475cdc14bb5f37\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"235\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>这还没完,云厂商想规模化发展,需要不断扩张的服务器和数据中心集群,以实现:</p><p>1、在不同地域建立数据中心,供应不同地区的客户需求(距离用户所在地最接近的数据中心,获得的访问速度更快)。</p><p>2、在同一地域设立多个可用区,尽可能覆盖该地域的用户使用。</p><p>云计算由此成为大公司才有基础和资本做的“苦活”、“累活”,前期只有亚马逊、谷歌、微软先后入场。</p><p>然而业务主体的领域不同,让三家巨头初期对云计算的态度有所差别。</p><p>亚马逊零售业务的扩张,本身需要投入大量的计算、存储、网络资源。有一种说法认为:亚马逊的零售业带有季节性,在业务比较萧条的时期,平台选择出租多余的计算机容量。</p><p>就像<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BABA\">阿里巴巴</a>每年双11时,流量集中,要添置大量的服务器来保证网站运行稳定。但双11之外的其他时候这些服务器闲置,对其出租是公司成本的充分利用。</p><p>这样的解释可能只是事实的一部分,但通过“一鱼多吃”,亚马逊发掘电商和云计算业务性质的统一,成为IaaS最积极的推行者。</p><p>·据亚马逊2006年财报:借助AWS,我们目前提供十种不同的Web服务,并已建立了一个由24万注册开发人员组成的社区。</p><p>·据2008年财报:我们将大力投资Amazon Web Services,在进行投资时会坚信具有相当大的规模,可以实现高回报要求。</p><p>·据2009年财报:AWS继续扩大全球覆盖范围,更多地在欧盟,北加州新地区提供服务,并计划2010年在亚太地区开展业务。</p><p>这在公司用于购买固定资产的资本支出上也有交叉验证。</p><p>从2006年开始,亚马逊的资本支出持续上涨,经历2008年金融危机,也没有缩减支出,只是增速有所放缓,2010再次大幅增加支出。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7b98f3b2b0e9d6596e4f82205c7c6bed\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"358\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>与亚马逊相比,Google是一个广告公司,2004年上市后业务的利润率非常高,没有太多生存压力,所以做的很多技术上“狂拽”的产品和功能,“炫技”大过于挣钱。</p><p>(2006年左右,谷歌的市值是亚马逊的四倍多。)</p><p>客观上缺乏发展云计算的动力,谷歌自Google App Engine发布后,很长一段时间未更新相关的产品。</p><p>软件出身的微软,一开始以PaaS层切入云计算。但没有IaaS基建基础在,PaaS层的发展是受限的。可以看到,微软早期的资本支出在逐渐缩减。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a826ff3f3f144cdb69cb171fcf6c7467\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"352\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>不过,这种各自为战的情况,在2010年出现了变化。</p><p>2010年底,美国政府宣布,将通过整合联邦政府数据中心和应用程序,以及采用“云计算优先”政策来重组政府IT架构。并要求各级政府将部分工作转移到商用、个人以及政府用云计算系统上。</p><p>官方对云计算的重视,直接拉动美国云计算市场集体升温。</p><p>2010年至今,微软资本支出持续上升,复合增速实现23%;亚马逊资本开支的复合增速,则高达45%;谷歌“后起直追”,资本支出规模也不断追高。</p><p>巨大的资本投入,换来云计算业务可用区规模的不断增长。(其他企业未有连续性数据披露,暂时无法体现趋势。)</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/244509471f84859ab95f2dd8bc687f4e\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"184\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>从绝对值看,亚马逊AWS凭借先发和持续投入,在可用区数量上有着明显优势。</p><p>如下图,截至2020年底,亚马逊拥有77个可用区,行业第一。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/205d8e476a817f24e29726bb3c478726\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"74\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>不过,“房子”建起来只是第一步,能不能吸引用户“租住”,才是经受市场检验的关键。</p><p><b>AWS自毁“钱途”,断的却是别人“财路”</b></p><p>亚马逊从电商业务开始,就有一套“引以为傲”的商业逻辑:超低价 + 巨量 + 微薄利润,并在Kindle、AWS、Echo等拓展性业务上一再上演。</p><p>这种“薄利多销巧经营”的谜面下,隐藏着“得便宜卖乖”的内核。</p><p>降价,断别人“财路”</p><p>经济学上,有一个价格战的“囚徒困境”,就是说一种商品,成本价是10块钱,如果一开始定价15块,市场很快就会打起价格战,将价格压到成本价以下,大家都没生意做。</p><p>为什么会这样呢?</p><p>因为定价15块,代表有5块钱的高额利润,会吸引一帮人全去做这个生意,产能短期内迅速过剩,到了后面就会陷入恶性价格战。</p><p>但如果成本不变的情况下,一开始只卖10块五,竞争者一看,做这个费了半天劲,就赚5毛钱,何必呢。</p><p>深谙这种“闷声发大财”之道,AWS一开始的价格刻意定的非常低。</p><p>低价(低利润)只会吸引顾客,不会受到竞争对手的注意。等AWS的规模做起来,成为亚马逊的赚钱“利器”,竞争对手闻“利”而动,却仍然被亚马逊牵着鼻子走。</p><p>靠低价策略在IaaS服务领域一家独大的AWS,紧接着开始“疯狂”降价。截至2020年5月,持续降价82次。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6096f0ae666a870b75ac6576876dd292\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"270\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>看似自毁“钱途”的骚操作,实际上断的还是别人的“财路”。</p><p>对AWS来说,规模效应推动成本降低之下,进行降价,只要降价幅度小于成本下降幅度,卖得越多,赚得越多。</p><p>可以看到,AWS营业利润在2015年之后,整体呈现上升趋势。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1a4a64566966a927846097034836262e\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"267\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>但对还处于投入阶段的竞争对手来说,成本支出高企,还要被迫打价格战,结果可想而知。(详情参考《一年降价12次,论亚马逊AWS如何“断人财路”?》一文)</p><p>而亚马逊的低价“一招鲜”,不仅体现在警惕竞争者进入的防御上,也被其用做挑衅别人的“矛”。</p><p>低价,动传统软件商“蛋糕”</p><p>AWS故意压低利润的做法,果然获得了用户的“捧场”。</p><p>谷歌CEO埃里克·施密特表示:“忽然之间,到处都是亚马逊了。每一个<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/V03.SI\">创业公司</a>的CEO好像都会告诉我,他们正在亚马逊的服务器上建设自己的系统。”</p><p>然而上文论述过,2006年AWS推出时,仅有几种基本功能。凭有限的“傻瓜”模式遍地开花,用户难道是“人傻钱多”?</p><p>事实上,“钱多”的是亚马逊,不过它精明得很。</p><p>放长线钓大鱼,AWS另一轮“烧钱”模式开启,对象是产品品类扩张和升级。</p><p>财报数据显示,亚马逊技术费用占支出比重,由2010年的5%提升至2019年的12.7%。</p><p>连续五年在全球研发支出十大公司中(2014-2018年)位列第一,比第二名谷歌多出约150亿美元。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3f26fe1eef5949e791aa9767c62000fd\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"180\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>据亚马逊财报:这方面的支出主要用于包括AWS在内的技术基础架构支出以及应用研发、品类扩张等构建数字生态。</p><p>钱到位,效果“立竿见影”,2017年,AWS平台的功能服务已经增长到1300种。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b77f30f3c01dc67b8b392eb216c4808a\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"325\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>再次集齐“七颗龙珠”,不对,是规模效应下的成本优势,AWS又召唤出了“低价”攻势。</p><p>以数据库软件为例:</p><p>传统商业软件如微软SQL Server虽性能稳定,但高昂的购买价格和维护成本让中小企业怯步;而选择开源版数据库则可能缺乏技术支持。</p><p>AWS在2015年推出的云数据库Amazon Aurora,兼顾商业软件的安全性、可用性和可靠性,成本只有商用数据库的 1/10。</p><p>当然,这是云数据库产品共有的优势。</p><p>直击用户价格痛点,云计算厂商从传统软件提供商嘴下抢了不少“肉”过来。</p><p>根据Gartner报告,AWS、阿里云、谷歌云等云数据库提供商市场份额明显上升,有望在2021年占比达到50%。</p><p>不过分拆来看,前期下足“饵”的AWS云数据库,钓到的“肉”(市场份额)最多。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3591dd457608a1fb602c682b32bb2d7e\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"455\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>据AWS2018年披露:过去两年内,已经有超过64,000个数据库,从传统商业数据库迁移到了AWS的云数据库。</p><p>随着市场做大,向AWS低价“低头”的,似乎从初创公司、中小企业、个人开发者,延伸到大型企业或机构。</p><p>比如,2020年,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SSNLF\">三星电子</a>将其超11亿的用户规模,从<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/ORCL\">甲骨文</a>的数据库迁移到Amazon Aurora。迁移后,每月可节省44%的运营成本以及其他费用。</p><p>但据了解,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">三星</a>此次迁移耗时22周,也就是5个月左右。用如此高的转换代价“上云”,想来也不只是为了节省成本。</p><p>那么,到底什么更容易让大企“低头”?我们认为是创收的诱惑。</p><p>对所有企业而言,决定改变一个固有结构,提高收益的动机要排在降低成本动机前面。</p><p>就好比你企业办公用惯了钉钉,如果飞书过来说,换我们的飞书吧,比钉钉便宜,但这个便宜远没到“挥泪大甩卖”的程度,你会为“三瓜两枣”的优惠兴师动众吗?</p><p>可如果飞书说得是,用我们的飞书,可帮你们公司每月实现50%的收益增长,你换不换?</p><p>云计算的基础IaaS业务对应的就是动机:降低成本;高阶的PaaS、SaaS业务对应的是动机:提高收益。</p><p>而这让AWS以低价打出的市场信心“起了波澜”。</p><p>重金砸出的规模优势、技术壁垒,都集中在IaaS业务上。但用户的需求有了价值的提升,如何从擅长的IaaS业务,过渡到短板的SaaS层面,AWS到了一个“赛末点”。</p><p><b>IaaS基本盘遭“反向狙击”</b></p><p>AWS在SaaS业务上的薄弱,让竞争对手有了可乘之机,一场“趁你病要你命”意味的反向狙击开始。</p><p>近几年,微软云的业务收入增速,一直远远高于AWS;而谷歌云的收入增速也在2018Q4之后,反超AWS。</p><p>收入增速领先之下,微软云IaaS业务所占的市场份额,2017年后增长明显;谷歌云的市场份额也有小幅增长。</p><p>而它们侵占的即是AWS的IaaS市场:从2017年占比52%降到2019年的45%。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1343dabfd08a4f919597e02e6e3eb4a1\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"180\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>虽说这么些市占率下滑,远不至于冲击AWS的基本盘,但“卧榻之侧岂容他人酣睡”?何况目前的情况并非无解。</p><p>这里我们引入微信的模式来进行辅助理解。</p><p>我们都知道,微信本身是免费使用,不赚钱的,但微信汇聚的巨无霸流量,可以嫁接各种变现渠道,比如<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/PDD\">拼多多</a>的崛起、小程序增值等。</p><p>IaaS服务也是类似的逻辑。</p><p>IaaS本身做不出差异化,没办法获得高毛利,但它是很好的低价获客工具,把客户聚集在平台,然后可以用PaaS、SaaS增值产品变现。</p><p>不过,道理是这个道理,现实是AWS自身没什么SaaS服务。</p><p>SaaS服务涉及完整的软件开发,且软件之间相互独立。云厂商要想规模化发展SaaS,需要深入软件开发领域。这对微软来说当然不是事,但亚马逊显然不擅长。</p><p>亚马逊没为难自己,非拿短板去“撞”人家的长项,而是大量笼络SaaS开发者入驻,各取所需。</p><p>比如,2012年亚马逊推出AWS Marketplace,通过引入<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/IBM\">IBM</a>、Oracle(甲骨文)、SAP等软件企业的产品,提升客户对AWS的生态粘性,顺便赚些抽成。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e99ef18404e24e12f726cafbf63cd29b\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"150\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>只是,这些“还击”之举,是否能抵挡微软云从云端——SaaS层压下来的攻势,目前尚不明朗。</p><p>另外,AWS还有一个可找补的地方——服务。</p><p>当下云服务的直接使用群体,已经从技术人员扩充至非技术岗位。对不懂技术的人,拿技术强大做体验卖点,打动不了谁的。</p><p>“工程师”文化强大,纯“技术脑”的谷歌云就是因此被嫌弃的。</p><p>2016年,知名公司<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WDAY\">Workday</a>选择云计算服务商时,最早考虑的是谷歌云,但最终却选了亚马逊AWS,原因是认为:谷歌云的体验糟糕,完全没有考虑过大企业的运营、经济性以及实际业务需求。</p><p>而要想产品有竞争力,就要易于学习、便于使用,只有这样,才能说服对学习新工具感到头疼的用户购买。</p><p>零售商的本色,加上IaaS服务的简单性,想必亚马逊暂时没有服务体验的困扰,但在推进云计算服务如何更加顺畅落地方面,仍然有探索空间。</p><p>毕竟SaaS层的弱势,让亚马逊云无论如何补短板,都免不了和微软云正面交锋,面临用户“二选一”的局面。而在擅长的服务价值上进一步深挖,则可能增加天平倾斜的几率。</p><p><b>小结</b></p><p>云计算行业风起云涌15年,AWS作为云计算行业的先行者,凭借先发优势吃下了不少的市场红利,但这种优势在行业竞争的加剧下逐渐失灵。</p><p>尤其是近几年,云计算行业入局者业务价值的较量愈发胶着。微软云凭借软件层优势(SaaS层)的向下(IaaS)渗透,不断挤压亚马逊云IaaS业务的盘子。</p><p>接下来,缺乏软件产品基因的亚马逊,想要保持客户对AWS的粘性,除了尽力补短板,或许还需要在满足用户需求方面下更多功夫。</p>","source":"lsy1573719481907","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>深度复盘:亚马逊AWS帝国,是如何被微软奇袭的?</title>\n<style 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margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n深度复盘:亚马逊AWS帝国,是如何被微软奇袭的?\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-05-05 19:00 北京时间 <a href=http://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/csj/2021-04-28/doc-ikmyaawc2401910.shtml><strong>表外表里</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>当摄相机镜头扫过2006年谷歌搜索引擎大会现场,52岁的埃里克·施密特正坐在采访席侃侃而谈:“它以数据服务和体系结构应该在服务器上为前提,我们称其为云计算。”那是“云计算”概念的首次问世。紧接着,这位谷歌当时的CEO带着招牌式微笑话锋一转,不客气地说道:“我认为人们并没有真正理解(云计算)这个机会到底有多大,但谷歌将沿着这条路走下去。”他的话音刚落十几天,亚马逊便向公众开放了自己的云服务平台(...</p>\n\n<a href=\"http://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/csj/2021-04-28/doc-ikmyaawc2401910.shtml\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e5ee5e07623e5932c72e6952d5f972e5","relate_stocks":{"AMZN":"亚马逊","MSFT":"微软"},"source_url":"http://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/csj/2021-04-28/doc-ikmyaawc2401910.shtml","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1150724606","content_text":"当摄相机镜头扫过2006年谷歌搜索引擎大会现场,52岁的埃里克·施密特正坐在采访席侃侃而谈:“它以数据服务和体系结构应该在服务器上为前提,我们称其为云计算。”那是“云计算”概念的首次问世。紧接着,这位谷歌当时的CEO带着招牌式微笑话锋一转,不客气地说道:“我认为人们并没有真正理解(云计算)这个机会到底有多大,但谷歌将沿着这条路走下去。”他的话音刚落十几天,亚马逊便向公众开放了自己的云服务平台(AWS)。与之相比,谷歌的程序引擎Google App Engine(云服务)直到2008年4月才对外发布。真是“起个大早,赶个晚集,小丑竟是我自己”。而“半路杀出”的亚马逊AWS,则凭借先发优势,成为亚马逊最赚钱的业务。有多赚钱呢?数据显示,2019年亚马逊总经营利润136.81亿美元,AWS贡献了92亿美元,占比67%。相当于亚马逊2019赚100块钱的话,有67块都是云业务赚的。目前,已有投行分析机构,单独对亚马逊云业务给出4256亿美元的估值,与其主营电商业务的4865亿美金估值不分伯仲。如此“吸金”能力,让外界洞察AWS实力的同时,也让大众清楚地认识到了云计算的广阔前景。“云计算”进入下半场,谷歌云新任CEO托马斯·库里安宣称,要加码云计算销售投入,与亚马逊一较高下;微软“云计算为先、移动为先”的转型口号也透露着加码云计算的“雄心壮志”。劲敌环伺,亚马逊没能一直笑下去。2018年开始,亚马逊云IaaS业务的市场份额出现持续下滑,侵蚀其市场优势的正是后进者微软云。从挑战者到被挑战者,AWS角色转变的背后,是云计算行业竞争环境的变化:由战略布局速度的竞争,转变为增值价值的较量。云计算是好业务,也是“苦活”云计算的故事虽然好嗑,可当其只是作为概念推广的阶段,将它重视起来的公司很少,原因在于这是一个“烧钱不眨眼”的行当。据谷歌技术基础设施高级副总裁乌尔兹·霍尔斯表示:单个谷歌云计算区域的造价为 3~6 亿 美元。那么,这是什么概念呢?试想一下,2010年左右,国内超过10亿美金的互联网企业能有几个,那时候腾讯的市值不过400亿美金左右,京东的估值仅有100亿美金上下。这样的项目弄十个,差不多一个京东就没了,谁搞得起。但对于云计算来说,除此“重资产积累”之外,没有捷径可走。有人形象地将“云计算”类比为房子,“云计算”厂商扮演的即是房地产开发商或者房东(建房子)角色,用户则是租用房子的企业。涉足云计算领域,提供IaaS服务像建房子一样是基础。提供商需自行建设数据中心,并购买服务器存储等基础设施。这还没完,云厂商想规模化发展,需要不断扩张的服务器和数据中心集群,以实现:1、在不同地域建立数据中心,供应不同地区的客户需求(距离用户所在地最接近的数据中心,获得的访问速度更快)。2、在同一地域设立多个可用区,尽可能覆盖该地域的用户使用。云计算由此成为大公司才有基础和资本做的“苦活”、“累活”,前期只有亚马逊、谷歌、微软先后入场。然而业务主体的领域不同,让三家巨头初期对云计算的态度有所差别。亚马逊零售业务的扩张,本身需要投入大量的计算、存储、网络资源。有一种说法认为:亚马逊的零售业带有季节性,在业务比较萧条的时期,平台选择出租多余的计算机容量。就像阿里巴巴每年双11时,流量集中,要添置大量的服务器来保证网站运行稳定。但双11之外的其他时候这些服务器闲置,对其出租是公司成本的充分利用。这样的解释可能只是事实的一部分,但通过“一鱼多吃”,亚马逊发掘电商和云计算业务性质的统一,成为IaaS最积极的推行者。·据亚马逊2006年财报:借助AWS,我们目前提供十种不同的Web服务,并已建立了一个由24万注册开发人员组成的社区。·据2008年财报:我们将大力投资Amazon Web Services,在进行投资时会坚信具有相当大的规模,可以实现高回报要求。·据2009年财报:AWS继续扩大全球覆盖范围,更多地在欧盟,北加州新地区提供服务,并计划2010年在亚太地区开展业务。这在公司用于购买固定资产的资本支出上也有交叉验证。从2006年开始,亚马逊的资本支出持续上涨,经历2008年金融危机,也没有缩减支出,只是增速有所放缓,2010再次大幅增加支出。与亚马逊相比,Google是一个广告公司,2004年上市后业务的利润率非常高,没有太多生存压力,所以做的很多技术上“狂拽”的产品和功能,“炫技”大过于挣钱。(2006年左右,谷歌的市值是亚马逊的四倍多。)客观上缺乏发展云计算的动力,谷歌自Google App Engine发布后,很长一段时间未更新相关的产品。软件出身的微软,一开始以PaaS层切入云计算。但没有IaaS基建基础在,PaaS层的发展是受限的。可以看到,微软早期的资本支出在逐渐缩减。不过,这种各自为战的情况,在2010年出现了变化。2010年底,美国政府宣布,将通过整合联邦政府数据中心和应用程序,以及采用“云计算优先”政策来重组政府IT架构。并要求各级政府将部分工作转移到商用、个人以及政府用云计算系统上。官方对云计算的重视,直接拉动美国云计算市场集体升温。2010年至今,微软资本支出持续上升,复合增速实现23%;亚马逊资本开支的复合增速,则高达45%;谷歌“后起直追”,资本支出规模也不断追高。巨大的资本投入,换来云计算业务可用区规模的不断增长。(其他企业未有连续性数据披露,暂时无法体现趋势。)从绝对值看,亚马逊AWS凭借先发和持续投入,在可用区数量上有着明显优势。如下图,截至2020年底,亚马逊拥有77个可用区,行业第一。不过,“房子”建起来只是第一步,能不能吸引用户“租住”,才是经受市场检验的关键。AWS自毁“钱途”,断的却是别人“财路”亚马逊从电商业务开始,就有一套“引以为傲”的商业逻辑:超低价 + 巨量 + 微薄利润,并在Kindle、AWS、Echo等拓展性业务上一再上演。这种“薄利多销巧经营”的谜面下,隐藏着“得便宜卖乖”的内核。降价,断别人“财路”经济学上,有一个价格战的“囚徒困境”,就是说一种商品,成本价是10块钱,如果一开始定价15块,市场很快就会打起价格战,将价格压到成本价以下,大家都没生意做。为什么会这样呢?因为定价15块,代表有5块钱的高额利润,会吸引一帮人全去做这个生意,产能短期内迅速过剩,到了后面就会陷入恶性价格战。但如果成本不变的情况下,一开始只卖10块五,竞争者一看,做这个费了半天劲,就赚5毛钱,何必呢。深谙这种“闷声发大财”之道,AWS一开始的价格刻意定的非常低。低价(低利润)只会吸引顾客,不会受到竞争对手的注意。等AWS的规模做起来,成为亚马逊的赚钱“利器”,竞争对手闻“利”而动,却仍然被亚马逊牵着鼻子走。靠低价策略在IaaS服务领域一家独大的AWS,紧接着开始“疯狂”降价。截至2020年5月,持续降价82次。看似自毁“钱途”的骚操作,实际上断的还是别人的“财路”。对AWS来说,规模效应推动成本降低之下,进行降价,只要降价幅度小于成本下降幅度,卖得越多,赚得越多。可以看到,AWS营业利润在2015年之后,整体呈现上升趋势。但对还处于投入阶段的竞争对手来说,成本支出高企,还要被迫打价格战,结果可想而知。(详情参考《一年降价12次,论亚马逊AWS如何“断人财路”?》一文)而亚马逊的低价“一招鲜”,不仅体现在警惕竞争者进入的防御上,也被其用做挑衅别人的“矛”。低价,动传统软件商“蛋糕”AWS故意压低利润的做法,果然获得了用户的“捧场”。谷歌CEO埃里克·施密特表示:“忽然之间,到处都是亚马逊了。每一个创业公司的CEO好像都会告诉我,他们正在亚马逊的服务器上建设自己的系统。”然而上文论述过,2006年AWS推出时,仅有几种基本功能。凭有限的“傻瓜”模式遍地开花,用户难道是“人傻钱多”?事实上,“钱多”的是亚马逊,不过它精明得很。放长线钓大鱼,AWS另一轮“烧钱”模式开启,对象是产品品类扩张和升级。财报数据显示,亚马逊技术费用占支出比重,由2010年的5%提升至2019年的12.7%。连续五年在全球研发支出十大公司中(2014-2018年)位列第一,比第二名谷歌多出约150亿美元。据亚马逊财报:这方面的支出主要用于包括AWS在内的技术基础架构支出以及应用研发、品类扩张等构建数字生态。钱到位,效果“立竿见影”,2017年,AWS平台的功能服务已经增长到1300种。再次集齐“七颗龙珠”,不对,是规模效应下的成本优势,AWS又召唤出了“低价”攻势。以数据库软件为例:传统商业软件如微软SQL Server虽性能稳定,但高昂的购买价格和维护成本让中小企业怯步;而选择开源版数据库则可能缺乏技术支持。AWS在2015年推出的云数据库Amazon Aurora,兼顾商业软件的安全性、可用性和可靠性,成本只有商用数据库的 1/10。当然,这是云数据库产品共有的优势。直击用户价格痛点,云计算厂商从传统软件提供商嘴下抢了不少“肉”过来。根据Gartner报告,AWS、阿里云、谷歌云等云数据库提供商市场份额明显上升,有望在2021年占比达到50%。不过分拆来看,前期下足“饵”的AWS云数据库,钓到的“肉”(市场份额)最多。据AWS2018年披露:过去两年内,已经有超过64,000个数据库,从传统商业数据库迁移到了AWS的云数据库。随着市场做大,向AWS低价“低头”的,似乎从初创公司、中小企业、个人开发者,延伸到大型企业或机构。比如,2020年,三星电子将其超11亿的用户规模,从甲骨文的数据库迁移到Amazon Aurora。迁移后,每月可节省44%的运营成本以及其他费用。但据了解,三星此次迁移耗时22周,也就是5个月左右。用如此高的转换代价“上云”,想来也不只是为了节省成本。那么,到底什么更容易让大企“低头”?我们认为是创收的诱惑。对所有企业而言,决定改变一个固有结构,提高收益的动机要排在降低成本动机前面。就好比你企业办公用惯了钉钉,如果飞书过来说,换我们的飞书吧,比钉钉便宜,但这个便宜远没到“挥泪大甩卖”的程度,你会为“三瓜两枣”的优惠兴师动众吗?可如果飞书说得是,用我们的飞书,可帮你们公司每月实现50%的收益增长,你换不换?云计算的基础IaaS业务对应的就是动机:降低成本;高阶的PaaS、SaaS业务对应的是动机:提高收益。而这让AWS以低价打出的市场信心“起了波澜”。重金砸出的规模优势、技术壁垒,都集中在IaaS业务上。但用户的需求有了价值的提升,如何从擅长的IaaS业务,过渡到短板的SaaS层面,AWS到了一个“赛末点”。IaaS基本盘遭“反向狙击”AWS在SaaS业务上的薄弱,让竞争对手有了可乘之机,一场“趁你病要你命”意味的反向狙击开始。近几年,微软云的业务收入增速,一直远远高于AWS;而谷歌云的收入增速也在2018Q4之后,反超AWS。收入增速领先之下,微软云IaaS业务所占的市场份额,2017年后增长明显;谷歌云的市场份额也有小幅增长。而它们侵占的即是AWS的IaaS市场:从2017年占比52%降到2019年的45%。虽说这么些市占率下滑,远不至于冲击AWS的基本盘,但“卧榻之侧岂容他人酣睡”?何况目前的情况并非无解。这里我们引入微信的模式来进行辅助理解。我们都知道,微信本身是免费使用,不赚钱的,但微信汇聚的巨无霸流量,可以嫁接各种变现渠道,比如拼多多的崛起、小程序增值等。IaaS服务也是类似的逻辑。IaaS本身做不出差异化,没办法获得高毛利,但它是很好的低价获客工具,把客户聚集在平台,然后可以用PaaS、SaaS增值产品变现。不过,道理是这个道理,现实是AWS自身没什么SaaS服务。SaaS服务涉及完整的软件开发,且软件之间相互独立。云厂商要想规模化发展SaaS,需要深入软件开发领域。这对微软来说当然不是事,但亚马逊显然不擅长。亚马逊没为难自己,非拿短板去“撞”人家的长项,而是大量笼络SaaS开发者入驻,各取所需。比如,2012年亚马逊推出AWS Marketplace,通过引入IBM、Oracle(甲骨文)、SAP等软件企业的产品,提升客户对AWS的生态粘性,顺便赚些抽成。只是,这些“还击”之举,是否能抵挡微软云从云端——SaaS层压下来的攻势,目前尚不明朗。另外,AWS还有一个可找补的地方——服务。当下云服务的直接使用群体,已经从技术人员扩充至非技术岗位。对不懂技术的人,拿技术强大做体验卖点,打动不了谁的。“工程师”文化强大,纯“技术脑”的谷歌云就是因此被嫌弃的。2016年,知名公司Workday选择云计算服务商时,最早考虑的是谷歌云,但最终却选了亚马逊AWS,原因是认为:谷歌云的体验糟糕,完全没有考虑过大企业的运营、经济性以及实际业务需求。而要想产品有竞争力,就要易于学习、便于使用,只有这样,才能说服对学习新工具感到头疼的用户购买。零售商的本色,加上IaaS服务的简单性,想必亚马逊暂时没有服务体验的困扰,但在推进云计算服务如何更加顺畅落地方面,仍然有探索空间。毕竟SaaS层的弱势,让亚马逊云无论如何补短板,都免不了和微软云正面交锋,面临用户“二选一”的局面。而在擅长的服务价值上进一步深挖,则可能增加天平倾斜的几率。小结云计算行业风起云涌15年,AWS作为云计算行业的先行者,凭借先发优势吃下了不少的市场红利,但这种优势在行业竞争的加剧下逐渐失灵。尤其是近几年,云计算行业入局者业务价值的较量愈发胶着。微软云凭借软件层优势(SaaS层)的向下(IaaS)渗透,不断挤压亚马逊云IaaS业务的盘子。接下来,缺乏软件产品基因的亚马逊,想要保持客户对AWS的粘性,除了尽力补短板,或许还需要在满足用户需求方面下更多功夫。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":202,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"lives":[]}