Vale’s Q3 iron ore production reached 90.97 million metric tons, the highest since 2019, up 12.9% quarter-over-quarter. Production gains in copper and nickel rose 9.3% and 68.8% respectively, supported by operational improvements in Sossego and Sudbury. Declining iron ore prices, driven by reduced Chinese demand, cut realized prices 7.7% quarter-over-quarter to $90.6 per ton. Rising freight and operational costs, alongside a $956 million provision for the 2015 Mariana dam incident, pressured margins. Premium adjustments on high-grade iron ore mitigated some losses, helping Vale offset declining market prices amid demand fluctuations. Monty Rakusen Investment Thesis Since our last coverage, V