How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes

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How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes

Market Wacth2021-01-28

Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...

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sakam0t0
·2021-01-31
Ok
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1
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Jooni
·2021-01-29
... gme
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1
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- Weijielim:
  wow
  2021-01-29
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- Jooni:
  Wow
  2021-01-29
  Reply
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geraldwwx
·2021-01-29
Main Street making a strong statement
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1
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- Xavier1983:
  Agree
  2021-01-29
  Reply
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- geraldwwx:
  RT
  2021-01-29
  Reply
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geraldwwx
·2021-01-29
Masses making a strong statement
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1
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LeJundary
·2021-01-29
;;(
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2
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- LeJundary:
  !!
  2021-02-02
  Reply
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- Beato:
  !!
  2021-02-02
  Reply
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- LeJundary:
  Hi
  2021-01-31
  Reply
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View more 2 comments
SSVC
·2021-01-29
Crazy
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1
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Hils
·2021-01-29
GME ??
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- 社区成长助手:
  终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看老虎社区创作指引
  2021-01-29
  Reply
  Report
LeonardKSW
·2021-01-29
Not advisable to get
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1
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Xiaojb07
·2021-01-29
Buy now
Reply
3
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Sell_in_May
·2021-01-29
Buy GME
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2
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Neiko
·2021-01-29
Go GME
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1
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Xavier1983
·2021-01-29
GME to the moon
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2
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- geraldwwx:
  Hello
  2021-01-29
  Reply
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- Xavier1983:
  Nice
  2021-01-29
  Reply
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- Xavier1983:
  Thanks
  2021-01-29
  Reply
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rainman95
·2021-01-29
good
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BryanWGL
·2021-01-29
But we can see both Esports and GamingIndustry do have rooms for growth
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1
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- 社区成长助手:
  终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看老虎社区创作指引
  2021-01-29
  Reply
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PumpItUp
·2021-01-29
Scary
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leslielimsh
·2021-01-29
Risky
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ZackFu
·2021-01-28
Trend gonna end soon
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EELNOMIS
·2021-01-28
Risky
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rainman95
·2021-01-28
not going to end well
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mwlnairda
·2021-01-28
Ooo
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Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. 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Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318443348,"gmtCreate":1611887593284,"gmtModify":1704865249307,"author":{"id":"3566131610450233","authorId":"3566131610450233","name":"Jooni","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/916a1a91b3f4b3712df6160763d05827","vip":1,"hat":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b0a2963eb37c60c5d6d4a8dbcd266952","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"... gme","listText":"... gme","text":"... gme","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":2,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318443348","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":3425461,"gmtCreate":1611889992532,"gmtModify":1680774708329,"authorId":3569829429894333,"author":{"id":3569829429894333,"authorId":3569829429894333,"name":"Weijielim","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f15e78cf1614d5802ab8dfb0d542754d","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318443348,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"wow","text":"wow","html":"wow"},{"id":3425144,"gmtCreate":1611887635295,"gmtModify":1680774708033,"authorId":3566131610450233,"author":{"id":3566131610450233,"authorId":3566131610450233,"name":"Jooni","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/916a1a91b3f4b3712df6160763d05827","vip":1,"currentWearingBadge":{"badgeId":"44212b71d0be4ec88898348dbe882e03-2","templateUuid":"44212b71d0be4ec88898348dbe882e03","name":"Executive Tiger","description":"The transaction amount of the securities account reaches $300,000","bigImgUrl":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9d20b23f1b6335407f882bc5c2ad12c0","smallImgUrl":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ada3b4533518ace8404a3f6dd192bd29","grayImgUrl":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/177f283ba21d1c077054dac07f88f3bd","redirectLinkEnabled":0,"hasAllocated":1,"isWearing":1,"stampPosition":0,"hasStamp":0,"allocationCount":1,"allocatedDate":"2021.12.23","exceedPercentage":"80.04%","individualDisplayEnabled":0,"individualDisplaySort":0,"categoryType":1101},"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318443348,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"Wow","text":"Wow","html":"Wow"}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318451076,"gmtCreate":1611886414195,"gmtModify":1704865237089,"author":{"id":"3555322280934257","authorId":"3555322280934257","name":"geraldwwx","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bccdb31724278699a26408ea1426d1d2","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"Main Street making a strong statement&nbsp;","listText":"Main Street making a strong statement&nbsp;","text":"Main Street making a strong statement","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":2,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318451076","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":3425063,"gmtCreate":1611887082388,"gmtModify":1680774706518,"authorId":3561249451704143,"author":{"id":3561249451704143,"authorId":3561249451704143,"name":"Xavier1983","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1c7857ba758b5018e89fd6755094ba4d","vip":1,"crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318451076,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"Agree","text":"Agree","html":"Agree"},{"id":3424993,"gmtCreate":1611886635453,"gmtModify":1680774695696,"authorId":3555322280934257,"author":{"id":3555322280934257,"authorId":3555322280934257,"name":"geraldwwx","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bccdb31724278699a26408ea1426d1d2","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318451076,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"RT","text":"RT","html":"RT"}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318450637,"gmtCreate":1611886159429,"gmtModify":1704865234007,"author":{"id":"3555322280934257","authorId":"3555322280934257","name":"geraldwwx","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bccdb31724278699a26408ea1426d1d2","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"Masses making&nbsp;a strong statement","listText":"Masses making&nbsp;a strong statement","text":"Masses making a strong statement","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318450637","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318429338,"gmtCreate":1611885283424,"gmtModify":1704865221282,"author":{"id":"3567641319219408","authorId":"3567641319219408","name":"LeJundary","avatar":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/556ad83347c3b8efc20e4ab7470de465","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":";;(","listText":";;(","text":";;(","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":5,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318429338","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":3464155,"gmtCreate":1612245880245,"gmtModify":1680775297420,"authorId":3567641319219408,"author":{"id":3567641319219408,"authorId":3567641319219408,"name":"LeJundary","avatar":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/556ad83347c3b8efc20e4ab7470de465","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318429338,"type":1,"supId":3464151,"prevId":0,"content":"!!","text":"!!","html":"!!"},{"id":3464151,"gmtCreate":1612245708656,"gmtModify":1680775296011,"authorId":3566535434368879,"author":{"id":3566535434368879,"authorId":3566535434368879,"name":"Beato","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/168b3f039158a17ca634aaf42cab2469","vip":1,"crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318429338,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"!!","text":"!!","html":"!!"},{"id":3446403,"gmtCreate":1612063197614,"gmtModify":1680775024326,"authorId":3567641319219408,"author":{"id":3567641319219408,"authorId":3567641319219408,"name":"LeJundary","avatar":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/556ad83347c3b8efc20e4ab7470de465","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318429338,"type":1,"supId":3446389,"prevId":0,"content":"Hi","text":"Hi","html":"Hi"},{"id":3446389,"gmtCreate":1612063047938,"gmtModify":1680775024013,"authorId":3566535434368879,"author":{"id":3566535434368879,"authorId":3566535434368879,"name":"Beato","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/168b3f039158a17ca634aaf42cab2469","vip":1,"crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318429338,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":":o","text":":o","html":":o"},{"id":3425463,"gmtCreate":1611890005515,"gmtModify":1680774702778,"authorId":3569829429894333,"author":{"id":3569829429894333,"authorId":3569829429894333,"name":"Weijielim","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f15e78cf1614d5802ab8dfb0d542754d","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318429338,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"oo","text":"oo","html":"oo"}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318463940,"gmtCreate":1611884569380,"gmtModify":1704865208483,"author":{"id":"3574906731000207","authorId":"3574906731000207","name":"SSVC","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/545a5ea462ff4ac7cc100bd3d8d97f72","vip":1,"crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"Crazy","listText":"Crazy","text":"Crazy","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318463940","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318436262,"gmtCreate":1611882584356,"gmtModify":1704865174260,"author":{"id":"3570577549935245","authorId":"3570577549935245","name":"Hils","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/fff3062a1a9d2d966eca2bf52dd6922e","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"GME ??","listText":"GME ??","text":"GME ??","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318436262","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":3424495,"gmtCreate":1611883153171,"gmtModify":1680774692651,"authorId":3527667803686145,"author":{"id":3527667803686145,"authorId":3527667803686145,"name":"社区成长助手","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2b7c7106b5c0c8b0037faa67439d898f","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318436262,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/934879903\">老虎社区创作指引</a>","text":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/934879903\">老虎社区创作指引</a>","html":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/934879903\">老虎社区创作指引</a>"}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318494366,"gmtCreate":1611881823155,"gmtModify":1704865163256,"author":{"id":"3569318025811476","authorId":"3569318025811476","name":"LeonardKSW","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/eeba92ccfc8a91444aa3e36de4a39425","vip":1,"hat":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/50a4c8d97279fa9f8f1fa9749a6bdff4","crmLevel":7,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"Not advisable to get","listText":"Not advisable to get","text":"Not advisable to get","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318494366","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318490721,"gmtCreate":1611881127163,"gmtModify":1704865153675,"author":{"id":"3555044358664058","authorId":"3555044358664058","name":"Xiaojb07","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/78d1278d3e8a0f666e68318532f083d0","vip":1,"hat":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b0a2963eb37c60c5d6d4a8dbcd266952","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":1},"htmlText":"Buy now","listText":"Buy now","text":"Buy now","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":3,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318490721","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318408095,"gmtCreate":1611880481617,"gmtModify":1704865145102,"author":{"id":"3555288430629525","authorId":"3555288430629525","name":"Sell_in_May","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4e226e01818b800d47108ca06c67b8dd","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"Buy GME","listText":"Buy GME","text":"Buy GME","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318408095","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318401031,"gmtCreate":1611880418623,"gmtModify":1704865143483,"author":{"id":"3565934282558987","authorId":"3565934282558987","name":"Neiko","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"Go GME","listText":"Go GME","text":"Go GME","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318401031","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318541251,"gmtCreate":1611878892273,"gmtModify":1704865119960,"author":{"id":"3561249451704143","authorId":"3561249451704143","name":"Xavier1983","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1c7857ba758b5018e89fd6755094ba4d","vip":1,"crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"GME to the moon","listText":"GME to the moon","text":"GME to the moon","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":4,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318541251","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":3424944,"gmtCreate":1611886367046,"gmtModify":1680774702178,"authorId":3555322280934257,"author":{"id":3555322280934257,"authorId":3555322280934257,"name":"geraldwwx","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bccdb31724278699a26408ea1426d1d2","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318541251,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"Hello ","text":"Hello ","html":"Hello "},{"id":3425044,"gmtCreate":1611886971040,"gmtModify":1680774695921,"authorId":3561249451704143,"author":{"id":3561249451704143,"authorId":3561249451704143,"name":"Xavier1983","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1c7857ba758b5018e89fd6755094ba4d","vip":1,"crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318541251,"type":1,"supId":3424944,"prevId":0,"content":"Nice","text":"Nice","html":"Nice"},{"id":3424383,"gmtCreate":1611882323527,"gmtModify":1680774690601,"authorId":3561249451704143,"author":{"id":3561249451704143,"authorId":3561249451704143,"name":"Xavier1983","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1c7857ba758b5018e89fd6755094ba4d","vip":1,"crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318541251,"type":1,"supId":3423901,"prevId":0,"content":"Thanks","text":"Thanks","html":"Thanks"},{"id":3423901,"gmtCreate":1611878970823,"gmtModify":1680774684657,"authorId":3527667803686145,"author":{"id":3527667803686145,"authorId":3527667803686145,"name":"社区成长助手","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2b7c7106b5c0c8b0037faa67439d898f","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318541251,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/934879903\">老虎社区创作指引</a>","text":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/934879903\">老虎社区创作指引</a>","html":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/934879903\">老虎社区创作指引</a>"}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318586277,"gmtCreate":1611872107099,"gmtModify":1704865068678,"author":{"id":"3572571664064025","authorId":"3572571664064025","name":"rainman95","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/09f5cf470640486a0ceddbbc72bc8eed","vip":1,"crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"good","listText":"good","text":"good","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318586277","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318625619,"gmtCreate":1611851351631,"gmtModify":1704864855601,"author":{"id":"3570715251367599","authorId":"3570715251367599","name":"BryanWGL","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/cd16b7d9d2eb11d515897189f5d62937","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"But we can see both Esports and GamingIndustry do have rooms for growth","listText":"But we can see both Esports and GamingIndustry do have rooms for growth","text":"But we can see both Esports and GamingIndustry do have rooms for growth","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318625619","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":3424919,"gmtCreate":1611886169708,"gmtModify":1680774696464,"authorId":3527667803686145,"author":{"id":3527667803686145,"authorId":3527667803686145,"name":"社区成长助手","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2b7c7106b5c0c8b0037faa67439d898f","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":318625619,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/934879903\">老虎社区创作指引</a>","text":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/934879903\">老虎社区创作指引</a>","html":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/934879903\">老虎社区创作指引</a>"}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318611368,"gmtCreate":1611850280954,"gmtModify":1704864815228,"author":{"id":"3571699784798633","authorId":"3571699784798633","name":"PumpItUp","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/be2a05fd6a34da9d3a9d1ff63df025cf","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"Scary","listText":"Scary","text":"Scary","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318611368","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318698150,"gmtCreate":1611849751870,"gmtModify":1704864795586,"author":{"id":"3556963403184938","authorId":"3556963403184938","name":"leslielimsh","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f9f9dcec0fcb43be1e186d36bdd2e129","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"Risky","listText":"Risky","text":"Risky","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318698150","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318608805,"gmtCreate":1611849479207,"gmtModify":1704864782153,"author":{"id":"3573017639938463","authorId":"3573017639938463","name":"ZackFu","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/274eb347332592465ed80a96e12ef54c","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"Trend gonna end soon&nbsp;","listText":"Trend gonna end soon&nbsp;","text":"Trend gonna end soon","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318608805","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318600772,"gmtCreate":1611849379596,"gmtModify":1704864778216,"author":{"id":"3570067588003272","authorId":"3570067588003272","name":"EELNOMIS","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9a00d40f6a6b41d38a7ac7d6c2aff735","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"Risky","listText":"Risky","text":"Risky","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318600772","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318884976,"gmtCreate":1611848103195,"gmtModify":1704864714018,"author":{"id":"3572571664064025","authorId":"3572571664064025","name":"rainman95","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/09f5cf470640486a0ceddbbc72bc8eed","vip":1,"crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"not going to end well&nbsp;","listText":"not going to end well&nbsp;","text":"not going to end well","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318884976","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":318839974,"gmtCreate":1611847498498,"gmtModify":1704864679472,"author":{"id":"3567423611057591","authorId":"3567423611057591","name":"mwlnairda","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/98729f78c147e999683a15cff1ffbc62","vip":1,"hat":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a3dee1aa3a3a3c1814833a4d3f8a5669","crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"Ooo","listText":"Ooo","text":"Ooo","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/318839974","repostId":1107630048,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1107630048","pubTimestamp":1611817916,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107630048?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-01-28 15:11","market":"us","language":"en","title":"How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107630048","media":"Market Wacth","summary":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-p","content":"<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.</p>\n<p>Richard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.</p>\n<p>At some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.</p>\n<p>The obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”</p>\n<p>In this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.</p>\n<p>GameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.</p>\n<p><b>Read:</b>It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher</p>\n<p>There’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.</p>\n<p>The surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.</p>\n<p><b>See:</b>How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble</p>\n<p>One such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.</p>\n<p>Also, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research,&nbsp;in a video posted to YouTube&nbsp;on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.</p>\n<p>The GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.</p>\n<p>In a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.</p>\n<p>In the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c3afe592d1898cadbc7abc815eecbf9\" tg-width=\"501\" tg-height=\"434\">Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.</p>\n<p>“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.</p>","source":"lsy1604288433698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow GameStop’s surge recalls ghosts of past trading catastrophes\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-01-28 15:11 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page><strong>Market Wacth</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-gamestops-surge-recalls-ghosts-of-past-trading-catastrophes-11611790728?mod=home-page","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107630048","content_text":"Champions of GameStop’s jaw-dropping stock surge portray it as a victory by long-suffering mom-and-pop investors over nefarious Wall Street institutions, but some veteran market observers see parallels with past trading catastrophes that ultimately left those same individuals holding the bag.\nRichard Smith, executive director of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, compared the run-up in shares of GameStop, along with other heavily shorted shares targeted by an army of individual investors via forums like Reddit’s WallStreetBets, to past market bubbles, albeit one that has materialized rapidly.\nAt some point, the pool of buyers will be exhausted, he and other market observers have warned, leaving the prices of shares that have soared purely due to trading flows to potentially collapse.\nThe obvious parallel is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Like that episode, “too many businesses are making too much money off of facilitating and encouraging speculative excess by the public,” Smith said in a phone interview. “I don’t think that it’s going to end well and I’m afraid that a whole generation of investors is at risk of being lost to the capital markets.”\nIn this case, the businesses encouraging speculative excess are online brokers and market makers, who have gamified trading and liquidity, effectively bringing Silicon Valley’s model of turning the “user into the product,” he said.\nGameStop Corp.GME,+134.84%sharessoared just shy of $200, or 135%, on Wednesday to end at $347.51. Shares have more than quintupled so far this week. They ended last year at $18.84. Shares of other heavily shorted companies, including theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.AMC,+301.21%,also soared Wednesday, as Reddit users encouraged an effort to create additional short squeezes.\nRead:It isn’t just GameStop: Here are some of the other heavily shorted stocks shooting higher\nThere’s nothing new about a short squeeze, when professional investors attempt to force short sellers to buy back shares to cover losses, accelerating gains and creating a feedback loop. What’s unique this time is the way individual investors have banded together via Reddit and other forums to do battle with short sellers.\nThe surge has been fueled by individual investors, many of whom bought out-of-the-money call options as part of a concerted effort to drive up the stock price. Market makers who sell the calls to individual investors must buy underlying shares to hedge their exposure. The sharp rally caught short sellers wrong-footed, forcing them to buy back shares at a loss, appearing to further accelerate the rally.\nSee:How an options-trading frenzy is lifting stocks and stirring fears of a market bubble\nOne such short seller, Melvin Capital, was effectively KO’d earlier this week, requiring an infusion of nearly $3 billion from hedge funds Citadel and Point72 Capital. On Wednesday, Melvin Capital’s Gabe Plotkintold CNBCthat the firm’s short position was closed out the previous afternoon following a huge loss.\nAlso, Andrew Left of short seller Citron Research, in a video posted to YouTube on Wednesday, said he covered the majority of Citron’s short position in GameStop in the $90 price range.\nThe GameStop phenomenon, and its reliance on options-related activity by individual investors, can also be viewed as the latest chapter in a story that’s seen derivatives and supposedly sophisticated financial strategies wreak havoc in markets.\nIn a Twitter thread, quantitative finance pioneer Emanuel Derman laid out that history, beginning with the spread of portfolio “insurance” in the 1980s, developed by finance professionals using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. That dynamic portfolio “hedging” was blamed for amplifying the October 1987 stock-market crash.\nIn the 2000s, credit default swaps made it easy for less-sophisticated segments of the finance profession to trade credit, contributing to the financial crisis, he said. More recently, options and futures based on the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIXVIX,+61.64%,“and the notion of volatility targeting for protection, made it easy for relative amateurs to trade volatility too, formerly also a professional skill,” he said.Investors who had aggressively bet on a long stretch of market calm continuing got a rude comeuppance in February 2018, when the VIX spiked, forcing the unwind of short bets on volatility andblowing up some popular trading vehicles.\n“It’s all part of the trend of using derivatives that make it apparently easy to do difficult things, which, when a few people do them, isn’t too bad, but which fail when everyone does them,” Derman wrote.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"}],"hasMoreComments":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":51,"commentSize":37,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false}}