市场押注美联储提前降息，提前抄底是否明智？

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市场押注美联储提前降息，提前抄底是否明智？

第一财经2022-10-18

纽约联储模型显示，明年衰退概率逼近疫情峰值。对于衰退的担忧正使投资者对于未来的政策路径的判断与美联储之间产生偏离。市场开始押注，美联储为应对物价压力将前置加息，随后提前“投降”降息。芝商所（CME）利率观察工具（FedWatch）显示，本轮美联储利率中值将在明年5月达到4.95%，年末利率区间或回到4.50%-4.75%以下。近期市场脉冲行情背后，资金博弈日趋白热化。美联储（来源：新华社图）提前...

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Fattkhong
·2022-10-18
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Lipper的统计，在诸多不确定性环境下，传统股票基金已连续35周出现资金净流出。与此同时，美银全球基金经理月度调查显示，机构将其平均现金余额增至20多年来的最高水平。随着财报季展开，商业活动降温对企业运营的影响正在展开，目前市场预计标普500指数成份股三季度净利润增长为4.6%，较7月初大幅下修，考虑到包括半导体、零售等行业多家公司近期发布业绩预警，未来的数据可能会进一步调降。不过近期多次出现的脉冲行情也给了投资者希望。不少观点认为，随着美联储加息步伐有望放缓，风险偏好回归有望迎来市场修复行情。另一方面，从目前的盈利预期看，三季度有望成为近两年业绩的低点。历史数据显示，一旦市场走出熊市，袖手旁观最终可能会付出代价。富国银行一项研究发现，如果投资者错过了过去30年中20个涨幅最大的交易日，他们的年平均回报率将从每年7.8%降至3.2%。 高盛指出，在美股触底后，指数短期往往会迎来强劲的上涨。自1980年以来，标普500指数在所经历的八次熊市出现低谷后的一个月内，平均回报率为16%。财富管理公司Stifel首席股票策略师班尼斯特（Barry Bannister）预计，标准普尔500指数正在触底，市场在今年第四季度至2023年初之间将出现积极的催化剂。“在年末最后两次美联储会议期间，我们确实看到了政策立场微妙变化的可能性，这将使投资者更加关注（改善）通胀数据，而不是政策本身。另一方面，季节性因素不容忽视，从11月到次年4月，美股的历史表现历来强劲。”报告写道。利率期货显示明年降息美股正在努力摆脱熊市的泥潭，经济前景和美联储政策预期依然短期风险偏好的最大敌人。为了遏制高涨的通胀压力，美联储已经采取了上世纪80年代以来最激进的货币政策，但收效甚微。作为其评估未来通胀趋势的关键指标，美国9月核心CPI意外升至6.6%，刷新年内新高。拐点预期被进一步推后，分项指标中，上月医疗费用同比增长6%，为1993年以来的最大增幅，住房租金增长7.2%，为1982年以来新高，食品价格同比增长13%，比肩上世纪70年代。短暂回落的能源价格近期也止跌回升，OPEC+减产决定令美国燃料油价格一周上涨近6%。美联储官员近期在公开表态中频频强调实现长期通胀目标的决心，严峻的形势也让外界上调了对本轮联邦基金利率终点的判断。巴克莱预计美联储可能会加息至5.00-5.25%，德意志银行美国经济学家魏德纳（Justin Weidner）认为，考虑到美联储加强了控制通胀的承诺，利率峰值将达到4.75%-5.00%。然而加息周期下的经济放缓压力正在增加，同时购物者消费预期受到了影响。随着年末假日季来临，Adobe Analytics表示，今年全美在线假日销售额预计将达到2097亿美元，同比增长2.5%，创2012年以来新低，远不及去年8.6%的增速。资产管理机构BK Asset Management宏观策略师施罗斯伯格（Boris Schlossberg）在接受第一财经采访时表示，从目前的情况看，劳动力市场很健康，保障了经济的活力，但购买力下滑的影响将进一步显现。从零售数据看，去除物价因素后支出增长仅为0.1%，通胀似乎变得根深蒂固。美联储需要将利率提高到什么水平才能达到价格稳定的目的，现在谁也没有确定的答案。另一方面，货币政策收紧的影响还会波及信用卡消费。施罗斯伯格向记者分析道，随着政府财政支持的资金逐渐消耗，美国民众的私人储蓄率再次回到低位，不少人开始被迫通过信用卡维持开销，利率上升产生的利息压力将进一步限制这些群体的消费选择，给经济带来更大下行压力。在美联储内部，目前的主流观点认为，货币政策需要保持在限制性区间一段时间，才能实现通胀降温的目标，过早降息对经济的风险更大，多位官员甚至明确否认了明年降息的可能性。外界对美国经济前景的担忧愈发明显，摩根大通CEO戴蒙上周发出警告称，未来6-9个月美国将陷入衰退，纽约联储模型显示，明年8月衰退的概率已经达到25.1%，正在逼近2020年疫情期间的峰值39%。牛津经济研究院高级经济学家施瓦茨（Bob Schwartz）在接受第一财经记者采访时表示，目前2/10年期美债倒挂比此前四次衰退更为严重。美联储并没有明确接受以衰退为代价实现其目标，因为这将给金融市场和公众信心带来负面影响，并可能意想不到的潜在破坏性后果。市场预期明年末美联储利率中值4.6%（来源：芝商所网站）美联储副主席布雷纳德（Lael 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