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- LasersLasers
  ·2023-05-31
  $Wearable Devices Ltd.(WLDS)$
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- LasersLasers
  ·2021-06-08
  good！
  Forget Biogen: These 2 Alzheimer's Drug Stocks Could Make You Rich
  There are better options for investors looking to profit from potential Alzheimer's disease treatmen
  Forget Biogen: These 2 Alzheimer's Drug Stocks Could Make You Rich
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- LasersLasers
  ·2021-02-03
  $Xeris Pharmaceuticals Inc(XERS)$?️
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- LasersLasers
  ·2020-11-07
  $Xeris Pharmaceuticals Inc(XERS)$G o
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- LasersLasers
  ·2020-11-06
  $Xeris Pharmaceuticals Inc(XERS)$Go！！！！！！！
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- LasersLasers
  ·2020-11-04
  $Xeris Pharmaceuticals Inc(XERS)$Go！！！！！！！
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- LasersLasers
  ·2020-10-23
  $Cassava Sciences Inc(SAVA)$?️
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- LasersLasers
  ·2020-10-16
  $Electrameccanica Vehicles Corp.(SOLO)$?️
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- LasersLasers
  ·2020-10-08
  $Xeris Pharmaceuticals Inc(XERS)$go！
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- LasersLasers
  ·2020-10-03
  pence
  特朗普确诊新冠：如有不测, 美国总统谁来做?
  导读：据媒体报道，美国总统特朗普于当地时间2020年10月1日晚发布信息，宣布在他的助手霍普·希克斯（Hope Hicks）确诊感染新冠病毒后，他和夫人梅拉尼娅的新冠病毒检测结果呈阳性，将立即开始隔离
  特朗普确诊新冠：如有不测, 美国总统谁来做?
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When the Food and Drug Administration initially signaled in November that it was likely to approve the monoclonal antibody treatment, Biogen stock jumped by 43%, adding $16 billion in market capitalization to the company.</p><p>Unfortunately, thequestions surrounding the treatmentand its efficacy may leave many doctors hesitant to recommend it. Add in the expected $50,000 annual price tag and the case for Aduhelm gets even harder to make. For investors, that could prove an incentive to go looking for companies that might provide more promising Alzheimer's disease treatments.</p><p><b>CassavaSciences</b>&nbsp;(NASDAQ:SAVA)&nbsp;and&nbsp;<b>AnnovisBio</b>&nbsp;(NYSEMKT:ANVS)&nbsp;have arguably better prospects in their pipelines, and almost certainly more upside should their therapies get approved. Althoughsmall biotech stocksare risky, these two companies could turn out to be life-changing investments for some, if their potentially life-changing treatments prove effective.</p><p><b>The case for Cassava Sciences</b></p><p>While most efforts to treat Alzheimer's thus far have focused on removing the amyloid plaque or tau tangles from the brains of patients, Cassava is taking a different approach.</p><p>This $2.6 billion biotech is trying to address the root cause of those buildups instead of treating the symptoms. Its drug, simufilam, aims to restore the normal shape and function of a type of scaffolding protein in the brain. Those altered proteins, called altered filamen A (FLNA), seem necessary for the telltale plaques and tangles to form.</p><p>In phase 2 studies, participants taking simufilam demonstrated a 10% improvement from baseline on a test of cognition with no safety concerns. That was after only six months. Biogen's drug produced less benefit with a treatment duration three times longer. Cassava reported those results in February; in May, it secured another round of funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH has been funding the company's research since 2017. That new funding will support two phase 3 trials of simufilam set to begin later this year.</p><p>Shares of Cassava Sciences may offer a better opportunity for investors than Biogen, but even its management doesn't believe that any single drug will be able to fully treat Alzheimer's disease. That said, a successful phase 3 trial would likely push the market cap of Cassava Sciences closer to where that initial jump left Biogen's. That would mean a doubling or tripling of the share price from current levels. Cassava management plans to provide additional data in July, when it will share a report on the progress of the first 50 clinical trial participants who received the drug.</p><p><b>The case for Annovis Bio</b></p><p>Annovis Bio recently produced phase 2 results showing significant cognitive improvement in Alzheimer's patients after only one month of treatment with its drug ANVS401. The drug also showed statistically significant improvement in motor function, speed, and coordination in Parkinson's patients. The trial only included 14 patients with each disease. However, those results were promising enough to send the stock up by more than 100% in a day. The improvement was significantly stronger than the one demonstrated by patients taking either simufilam or Aduhelm.</p><p>Annovis Bio's approach to treatment focuses on reducing the levels of amyloid and tau in the brain, ensuring they stay below the dangerous level that can lead to the formation of plaques and tangles. It believes its results show that ANVS401 lowers the presence of neurotoxic proteins that ultimately lead to cell death.</p><p>Founder Maria Maccecchini said that the company has many effects to measure, and expects to have data on all of them in July. Its next step will be presenting results to the FDA and launching a phase 3 study of ANVS401 in both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. As with Cassava, additional positive data could convince Wall Street that, based on the drug's potential, the company warrants a significantly higher stock price, even after its recent climb.</p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Forget Biogen: These 2 Alzheimer's Drug Stocks Could Make You Rich</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nForget Biogen: These 2 Alzheimer's Drug Stocks Could Make You Rich\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-06-08 15:12 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/06/07/forget-biogen-these-2-alzheimers-drug-stocks-could/><strong>Motley Fool</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>There are better options for investors looking to profit from potential Alzheimer's disease treatments.The decision by the FDA to approveBiogen's (NASDAQ:BIIB) Alzheimer's disease treatment aducanumab...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/06/07/forget-biogen-these-2-alzheimers-drug-stocks-could/\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"SAVA":"Cassava Sciences Inc","ANVS":"Annovis Bio, Inc.","BIIB":"渤健公司"},"source_url":"https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/06/07/forget-biogen-these-2-alzheimers-drug-stocks-could/","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1139801869","content_text":"There are better options for investors looking to profit from potential Alzheimer's disease treatments.The decision by the FDA to approveBiogen's (NASDAQ:BIIB) Alzheimer's disease treatment aducanumab, to be marketed as Aduhelm, has given new hope to more than 5 million Americans with the disease, and their loved ones. When the Food and Drug Administration initially signaled in November that it was likely to approve the monoclonal antibody treatment, Biogen stock jumped by 43%, adding $16 billion in market capitalization to the company.Unfortunately, thequestions surrounding the treatmentand its efficacy may leave many doctors hesitant to recommend it. Add in the expected $50,000 annual price tag and the case for Aduhelm gets even harder to make. For investors, that could prove an incentive to go looking for companies that might provide more promising Alzheimer's disease treatments.CassavaSciences (NASDAQ:SAVA) and AnnovisBio (NYSEMKT:ANVS) have arguably better prospects in their pipelines, and almost certainly more upside should their therapies get approved. Althoughsmall biotech stocksare risky, these two companies could turn out to be life-changing investments for some, if their potentially life-changing treatments prove effective.The case for Cassava SciencesWhile most efforts to treat Alzheimer's thus far have focused on removing the amyloid plaque or tau tangles from the brains of patients, Cassava is taking a different approach.This $2.6 billion biotech is trying to address the root cause of those buildups instead of treating the symptoms. Its drug, simufilam, aims to restore the normal shape and function of a type of scaffolding protein in the brain. Those altered proteins, called altered filamen A (FLNA), seem necessary for the telltale plaques and tangles to form.In phase 2 studies, participants taking simufilam demonstrated a 10% improvement from baseline on a test of cognition with no safety concerns. That was after only six months. Biogen's drug produced less benefit with a treatment duration three times longer. Cassava reported those results in February; in May, it secured another round of funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH has been funding the company's research since 2017. That new funding will support two phase 3 trials of simufilam set to begin later this year.Shares of Cassava Sciences may offer a better opportunity for investors than Biogen, but even its management doesn't believe that any single drug will be able to fully treat Alzheimer's disease. That said, a successful phase 3 trial would likely push the market cap of Cassava Sciences closer to where that initial jump left Biogen's. That would mean a doubling or tripling of the share price from current levels. Cassava management plans to provide additional data in July, when it will share a report on the progress of the first 50 clinical trial participants who received the drug.The case for Annovis BioAnnovis Bio recently produced phase 2 results showing significant cognitive improvement in Alzheimer's patients after only one month of treatment with its drug ANVS401. The drug also showed statistically significant improvement in motor function, speed, and coordination in Parkinson's patients. The trial only included 14 patients with each disease. However, those results were promising enough to send the stock up by more than 100% in a day. The improvement was significantly stronger than the one demonstrated by patients taking either simufilam or Aduhelm.Annovis Bio's approach to treatment focuses on reducing the levels of amyloid and tau in the brain, ensuring they stay below the dangerous level that can lead to the formation of plaques and tangles. It believes its results show that ANVS401 lowers the presence of neurotoxic proteins that ultimately lead to cell death.Founder Maria Maccecchini said that the company has many effects to measure, and expects to have data on all of them in July. Its next step will be presenting results to the FDA and launching a phase 3 study of ANVS401 in both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. As with Cassava, additional positive data could convince Wall Street that, based on the drug's potential, the company warrants a significantly higher stock price, even after its recent climb.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":474,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":314148363,"gmtCreate":1612324413852,"gmtModify":1704869737956,"author":{"id":"3519461150455549","authorId":"3519461150455549","name":"Lasers","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/70857abce4c83a407428c3c266b9e619","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3519461150455549","idStr":"3519461150455549"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/XERS\">$Xeris Pharmaceuticals Inc(XERS)$</a>?️","listText":"<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/XERS\">$Xeris Pharmaceuticals Inc(XERS)$</a>?️","text":"$Xeris Pharmaceuticals 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15:32","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"特朗普确诊新冠：如有不测, 美国总统谁来做?","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1114209622","media":"修远基金会","summary":"导读：据媒体报道，美国总统特朗普于当地时间2020年10月1日晚发布信息，宣布在他的助手霍普·希克斯（Hope Hicks）确诊感染新冠病毒后，他和夫人梅拉尼娅的新冠病毒检测结果呈阳性，将立即开始隔离","content":"<blockquote>导读：据媒体报道，美国总统特朗普于当地时间2020年10月1日晚发布信息，宣布在他的助手霍普·希克斯（Hope Hicks）确诊感染新冠病毒后，他和夫人梅拉尼娅的新冠病毒检测结果呈阳性，将立即开始隔离和接受治疗，并称“我们将共同度过难关！”消息一出，引发全球关注。眼下正值美国总统大选的最后阶段，如果特朗普的身体状况出现波动，将对美国政局产生重大影响。很多人关注，如果美国总统一职出现空缺，美国政治体制会如何应对，谁将继任总统一职？本文梳理了美国总统的继任制度，供诸位参考。</blockquote><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3cd90044b5ce5313ec764d740c7ef1ad\" tg-width=\"615\" tg-height=\"146\"><b>美国总统的继任</b></p><p><b>▍1787年美国宪法最初规定的漏洞</b></p><p>1787年美国宪法最初文本规定：“如遇总统免职、死亡、辞职或丧失履行总统权力和责任的能力时, 总统职务应移交副总统。国会得以法律规定在总统和副总统两人免职、死亡、辞职或丧失任职能力时, 宣布代理总统的官员。该官员应在总统恢复任职能力或新总统选出前代理总统”。这里规定了不同情况下继任美国总统的不同顺序。第一, 如果本届总统在任期未满之前被免职、死亡、辞职或者因丧失任职能力而任职中止, 则立即由副总统继任总统, 直到本届总统恢复任职能力或到本届四年期满, 重新举行大选为止。第二, 如果副总统也因被免职、死亡、辞职或丧失任职能力不能继任, 那么进一步继任的顺序名次由国会以法律加以规定。第二种情况下继任总统的顺序名次, 由国会于1886年通过的一项法律具体化了。它规定, 如果副总统因死亡或其他原因不能继任, 美国内阅成员应按照各该部成立的先后顺序继任总统。美国建国时成立了国务院、财政部、国防部（起初为陆军部）, 以后又成立了内政、司法等部。因此, 继任总统的顺序名次应当是：国务卿、财政部长、国防部长、内政部长、司法部长等等。1947年7月, 国会又进一步通过了总统继任法。该项法律规定, 如果副总统因死亡或者其他原因不能继任, 继任总统的官员首先应当是众议院议长、参议院临时议长, 而然后才能是美国内阁各成员。</p><p><b>美国宪法以及根据美国宪法制定的总统继任法颁布之后, 总统继任方面又遇到了前所未有的两个实际问题。</b>（一）美国第34位总统德怀特·艾森豪威尔在1951-1961年的两届任期中, 多次心脏病发作, 三次丧失任职能力, 三次又恢复能力。<b>由此突出了如何确定总统丧失和恢复任职能力的问题。</b>（二）美国第35位总统约翰· 肯尼迪1963年在任期内遇刺身亡。副总统林顿·约翰逊继任了总统职务, 副总统职务因而出缺。而根据1947年的继任法, 当时作为副总统继任人选的人因年迈不适合担任副总统,<b>因此又突出了副总统的继任人选问题。</b></p><p><b>▍1967年美国宪法第25条修正案的三项补充</b></p><p>为了避免美国总统、副总统职务的中断, 保持衔接, 以确保美国国家机器在任何情况下都能正常运转, 美国于1967年2月10日批准了宪法第25条修正案。这条修正案更加具体全面地规定了美国总统、副总统的继任问题。</p><p>第一，它重申了美国宪法最初文本关于总统继任问题的部分规定，即<b>在总统死亡、辞职、免职等三种情况下, 副总统应成为总统。</b></p><p>1.总统死亡情况下的继任</p><p>从1787年至1985年，美国40 位总统中, 因在任期内死亡而由副总统继任总统的有8位。其中, 第9位总统威廉· 哈里森、第12 位总统扎卡里· 泰勒、第29 位总统沃伦· 哈定, 第32位总统富兰克林· 罗斯福是在任期内因病死亡的, 而第16 位总统阿伯拉罕· 林肯、第20 位总统詹姆斯· 加菲尔德、第25 位总统威廉· 麦金莱、第35 位总统约翰· 肯尼迪是在任期内遇刺身亡的。<b>上述8位总统身亡之后, 其副总统按照宪法规定立即继任, 总统职务一天也没有中断。</b></p><p>下边我们再以美国第35 位总统约翰· 肯尼迪的继任过程为例。1963年1月2 日中午12点30分, 约翰· 肯尼迪总统和夫人, 林顿· 约翰逊副总统和夫人的两辆汽车一前一后穿过得克萨斯州达拉斯闹市区欢呼的人群, 突然, 约翰· 肯尼迪从身后遭到枪击。受到致命枪伤的总统被送往医院, 副总统的车辆也急速开往医院。此后, 副总统出于警惕在特工人员保护下赶到达拉斯机场的总统座机上。待总统夫人登机后, 飞机立即飞往华盛顿。在正在航行的飞机上, 联邦所在地区的法官萨拉· 休斯主持了按照继任程序上任的美国第36位总统林肯· 约翰逊的宣誓典礼。<b>前后仅两个小时, 总统权力就井井有条地进行了移交。</b></p><p>2.总统辞职情况下的继任</p><p>从1787年到1985年，美国40位总统中, 因辞职而离职的只有1位, 即第37位总统理查德· 尼克松。1974年8月9日他在连任第48 届总统期间, 因为水门事件而被迫辞职。这时离第48 届总统任期届满尚有两年零五个半月。当时的副总统杰拉尔德· 福特, 按照继任程序在当天成为总统。他成为第1位根据美国宪法第25条修正案继任总统职务的副总统。</p><p>3.总统免职情况下的继任</p><p>按照美国宪法规定, 总统只有在受到弹劾并被定罪的情况下, 才被免职。而从美国诞生到现在的200多年里, 共和党人安德鲁·约翰逊（1865-1868年任总统）&nbsp;是唯一受到弹劾的总统。1867年安德鲁· 约翰逊解除了国防部长埃德温· 斯坦顿的职务。国会中共和党激进派议员以他破坏国会通过的《任职条例》和犯了其他不法行为为理由, 对他提出了弹劾。安德鲁· 约翰逊受到了参议院的审讯, 但他被参议院以一票之差定为无罪, 从而继续担任总统职务。这就是说,<b>迄今为止还没有出现总统被免职的情况, 也没有发生总统免职情况下的继任。</b></p><p>第二，美国宪法第25条修正案修改了美国宪法最初文本关于总统丧失任职能力情况下继任方面的笼统规定, 作出了以下二点具体规定。</p><p>1.总统任职能力的丧失, 既可以根据总统本人向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交的书面声明来确定, 又可以根据副总统, 行政各部或国会以法律建立的其他机构的多数长官向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交的书面声明来确定。</p><p>2.总统任职能力的恢复, 在一般情况下可以根据总统本人向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交的书面声明来确定。但是, 当总统和副总统等人在总统是否已恢复任职能力的问题上发生意见分岐的时候, 该问题由国会负责裁决。国会应当在法定的天之内, 以两院三分之二多数票来裁决总统是否已恢复任职能力。</p><p>应当指出, 宪法修正案对总统丧失任职能力情况下可能出现的各种问题考虑的比较全面。<b>但是实际上, 美国总统任职能力的丧失和恢复, 还是根据总统本人的态度来决定。</b>由国会裁决的程序, 在美国一次也没运用过。例如, 1981年3月30日下午2点25 分, 美国时任总统罗纳德· 里根在华盛顿康涅狄格大街希尔顿饭店作完演说出现在该饭店要人出入口时, 遭到枪击, 被送到华盛顿大学医院治疗。<b>罗纳德· 里根总统左肺中了一颗子弹, 大夫说他需要住院1-2周, 完全恢复健康需要3个月。但是, 里根在第二天（31日）就在病床上恢复了总统的工作。</b>副总统布什31日到医院探望后, 强调里根仍在履行总统职务, 无需由他行使总统权力。</p><p>第三，美国宪法第25条修正案还对副总统的继任问题作出了明确规定。它规定：凡当副总统职位出缺时, 总统应提名一名副总统, 在国会两院都以过半数票批准后就职。” 1973年杰拉尔德· 福特成为第一个按照美国宪法第25 条修正案的规定当上副总统的人。那时, 副总统皮罗· 阿格纽因被指控犯有逃避所得税等罪行, 受到巴尔的摩联邦地区法院的审判, 被迫辞职。经理查德· 尼克松总统提名, 国会批准众议院少数派领袖杰拉尔德· 福特为副总统。</p><p><b>2003年总统继任法案修正案的最终规则</b></p><p>2003年美国参议院通过了美国总统继任法案修改法案，最终确定了美国总统继任顺序：</p><ul><li>美国副总统</li><li>众议院议长</li><li>参议院临时议长</li><li>国务卿</li><li>财政部长</li><li>国防部长</li><li>司法部长</li><li>国土安全部长</li><li>内政部长</li><li>农业部长</li><li>商务部长</li><li>劳工部长</li><li>卫生与公众服务部长</li><li>住房与城市发展部长</li><li>交通部长</li><li>能源部长</li><li>教育部长</li><li>退伍军人事务部长</li></ul><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1a99c99f44a0e8a87252bc3f20a9c92e\" tg-width=\"440\" tg-height=\"706\"><b>延伸阅读一：</b><b>美国历史上有多少副总统直接继任总统？</b></p><p>约翰·泰勒：美国历史上第一个因在任总统去世，以副总统之身直接继任总统的人。美国南方大庄园主出身，历任众议员、州长、国会参议员。1840年哈里森当选总统时，泰勒当选副总统。哈里森总统仅仅任职一个月，就因病去世；泰勒按照美国宪法规定，直接继任总统，成为美国历史上第一个幸运的副总统。</p><p>米勒德·菲尔莫尔：美国历史上最具争议的总统，菲尔莫尔是贫穷的佃农出身，23岁通过律师考试后，进入政界，先后担任州议员和国会议员。1848年扎卡里·泰勒当选为总统，菲尔莫尔当选为副总统。两年后泰勒总统病逝于任上，菲尔莫尔按照美国宪法，直接继任总统。</p><p>安德鲁·约翰逊：美国历史上首位被国会提出弹劾议案的总统，以一票之差保住总统之位。约翰逊出身贫寒，当过徒工，干过裁缝，早年生活非常艰辛。他是南北战争时期，唯一一个受到林肯总统信任的南方政治家。所以1864年林肯第二次竞选总统时，提名约翰逊为副总统候选人，二人都成功当选。1865年4月连任总统仅仅一个月时间的林肯被刺杀身亡，约翰逊继任为总统，美国的飞地阿拉斯加就是约翰逊当总统时购买的。</p><p>切斯特·艾伦·阿瑟：美国共和党政治家，1880年加菲尔德当选为第20任总统，阿瑟当选为副总统。加菲尔德总统当选四个月后，就被刺客刺杀，阿瑟直接以副总统的身份继任美国总统。阿瑟在任期间，出台文官法案，革新美国文官体系，杜绝了美国政坛的政治分赃现象。另外他还大力发展海军，缔造了美国的现代海军。</p><p>西奥多·罗斯福：美国著名的老罗斯福总统，门罗主义的奉行者，美西战争的英雄。1900年麦金莱连任总统时，罗斯福成功当选为副总统。麦金莱连任的第二年就被无政府主义者刺杀身亡，罗斯福继任为总统。当时罗斯福只有42岁，是美国历史上最年轻的总统。罗斯福当了两届总统，取得非凡成就，是美国历史上最伟大总统之一。</p><p>杜鲁门：美国民主党政治家，1934年当选为联邦参议员，足足干了十年。1944年罗斯福第四次当选总统时，杜鲁门当选副总统。天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福，还没有完全带领美国人打赢反法西斯战争的罗斯福总统，突然于1945年4月病逝。时任副总统的杜鲁门按照美国宪法规定，直接继任总统。3年后，美国重新大选，杜鲁门成功取得连任。</p><p>林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊：美国民主党政治家，1941年美日太平洋战争爆发后，约翰逊自愿入伍服役，随美国海军转战太平洋和大西洋，多次历险。1948年约翰逊当选参议员，5年后升任参议院民主党领袖。1961年肯尼迪当选总统时，约翰逊当选副总统。2年后肯尼迪遇刺身亡，约翰逊直接继任总统。</p><p>福特：美国共和党政治家，二战时曾在美国海军服役，担任曼特瑞号航母助理导航官，参与美日太平洋海战。1946年福特以少校军校退役，进入美国政坛，1972年担任共和党全国代表大会主席。1973年美国时任副总统阿格纽因水门事件辞职，总统尼克松任命福特为新的副总统。1974年8月尼克松也因水门事件被迫辞职，福特按照美国宪法，直接继任总统。福特是美国历史上唯一一个没有经过任何选举，直接担任副总统，进而继任总统的人。可谓是幸运至极，可惜的是，福特在1976年追求连任时，以微弱劣势败给自己的对手，连任失败。到今天为止，美国共有48位副总统，其中只有8位幸运儿，在任副总统期间，因美国总统意外死亡或者辞职，直接继任总统。</p><p><b>延伸阅读二：</b><b>美国宪法第25条修正案</b></p><p>Section 1.&nbsp;In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.</p><p><b>第一款&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 如遇总统被免职、死亡或辞职，副总统应成为总统。</b></p><p>Section 2.&nbsp;Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.</p><p><b>第二款&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 凡当副总统职位出缺时，总统应提名一名副总统，经国会两院都以过半数票批准后就职。</b></p><p>Section 3.&nbsp;Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.</p><p><b>第三款&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 凡当总统向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交书面声明，声称他不能够履行其职务的权力和责任，直到他向他们提交一份相反的声明为止，其权力和责任应由副总统代理总统履行。</b></p><p>Section 4.&nbsp;Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.</p><p><b>第四款&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 凡当副总统和行政各部长官的多数或国会以法律设立的其他机构成员的多数，向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交书面声明，声称总统不能够履行总统职务的权力和责任时，副总统应立即作为代理总统承担总统职务的权力和责任。</b></p>","source":"lsy1601623866597","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" 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height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n特朗普确诊新冠：如有不测, 美国总统谁来做?\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2020-10-02 15:32 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7EnB9JLnolHSBlW0dRlCCA><strong>修远基金会</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>导读：据媒体报道，美国总统特朗普于当地时间2020年10月1日晚发布信息，宣布在他的助手霍普·希克斯（Hope Hicks）确诊感染新冠病毒后，他和夫人梅拉尼娅的新冠病毒检测结果呈阳性，将立即开始隔离和接受治疗，并称“我们将共同度过难关！”消息一出，引发全球关注。眼下正值美国总统大选的最后阶段，如果特朗普的身体状况出现波动，将对美国政局产生重大影响。很多人关注，如果美国总统一职出现空缺，美国...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7EnB9JLnolHSBlW0dRlCCA\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/627bc890436e46f74a0fe8143398a725","relate_stocks":{"SPY":"标普500ETF",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite"},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7EnB9JLnolHSBlW0dRlCCA","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1114209622","content_text":"导读：据媒体报道，美国总统特朗普于当地时间2020年10月1日晚发布信息，宣布在他的助手霍普·希克斯（Hope Hicks）确诊感染新冠病毒后，他和夫人梅拉尼娅的新冠病毒检测结果呈阳性，将立即开始隔离和接受治疗，并称“我们将共同度过难关！”消息一出，引发全球关注。眼下正值美国总统大选的最后阶段，如果特朗普的身体状况出现波动，将对美国政局产生重大影响。很多人关注，如果美国总统一职出现空缺，美国政治体制会如何应对，谁将继任总统一职？本文梳理了美国总统的继任制度，供诸位参考。美国总统的继任▍1787年美国宪法最初规定的漏洞1787年美国宪法最初文本规定：“如遇总统免职、死亡、辞职或丧失履行总统权力和责任的能力时, 总统职务应移交副总统。国会得以法律规定在总统和副总统两人免职、死亡、辞职或丧失任职能力时, 宣布代理总统的官员。该官员应在总统恢复任职能力或新总统选出前代理总统”。这里规定了不同情况下继任美国总统的不同顺序。第一, 如果本届总统在任期未满之前被免职、死亡、辞职或者因丧失任职能力而任职中止, 则立即由副总统继任总统, 直到本届总统恢复任职能力或到本届四年期满, 重新举行大选为止。第二, 如果副总统也因被免职、死亡、辞职或丧失任职能力不能继任, 那么进一步继任的顺序名次由国会以法律加以规定。第二种情况下继任总统的顺序名次, 由国会于1886年通过的一项法律具体化了。它规定, 如果副总统因死亡或其他原因不能继任, 美国内阅成员应按照各该部成立的先后顺序继任总统。美国建国时成立了国务院、财政部、国防部（起初为陆军部）, 以后又成立了内政、司法等部。因此, 继任总统的顺序名次应当是：国务卿、财政部长、国防部长、内政部长、司法部长等等。1947年7月, 国会又进一步通过了总统继任法。该项法律规定, 如果副总统因死亡或者其他原因不能继任, 继任总统的官员首先应当是众议院议长、参议院临时议长, 而然后才能是美国内阁各成员。美国宪法以及根据美国宪法制定的总统继任法颁布之后, 总统继任方面又遇到了前所未有的两个实际问题。（一）美国第34位总统德怀特·艾森豪威尔在1951-1961年的两届任期中, 多次心脏病发作, 三次丧失任职能力, 三次又恢复能力。由此突出了如何确定总统丧失和恢复任职能力的问题。（二）美国第35位总统约翰· 肯尼迪1963年在任期内遇刺身亡。副总统林顿·约翰逊继任了总统职务, 副总统职务因而出缺。而根据1947年的继任法, 当时作为副总统继任人选的人因年迈不适合担任副总统,因此又突出了副总统的继任人选问题。▍1967年美国宪法第25条修正案的三项补充为了避免美国总统、副总统职务的中断, 保持衔接, 以确保美国国家机器在任何情况下都能正常运转, 美国于1967年2月10日批准了宪法第25条修正案。这条修正案更加具体全面地规定了美国总统、副总统的继任问题。第一，它重申了美国宪法最初文本关于总统继任问题的部分规定，即在总统死亡、辞职、免职等三种情况下, 副总统应成为总统。1.总统死亡情况下的继任从1787年至1985年，美国40 位总统中, 因在任期内死亡而由副总统继任总统的有8位。其中, 第9位总统威廉· 哈里森、第12 位总统扎卡里· 泰勒、第29 位总统沃伦· 哈定, 第32位总统富兰克林· 罗斯福是在任期内因病死亡的, 而第16 位总统阿伯拉罕· 林肯、第20 位总统詹姆斯· 加菲尔德、第25 位总统威廉· 麦金莱、第35 位总统约翰· 肯尼迪是在任期内遇刺身亡的。上述8位总统身亡之后, 其副总统按照宪法规定立即继任, 总统职务一天也没有中断。下边我们再以美国第35 位总统约翰· 肯尼迪的继任过程为例。1963年1月2 日中午12点30分, 约翰· 肯尼迪总统和夫人, 林顿· 约翰逊副总统和夫人的两辆汽车一前一后穿过得克萨斯州达拉斯闹市区欢呼的人群, 突然, 约翰· 肯尼迪从身后遭到枪击。受到致命枪伤的总统被送往医院, 副总统的车辆也急速开往医院。此后, 副总统出于警惕在特工人员保护下赶到达拉斯机场的总统座机上。待总统夫人登机后, 飞机立即飞往华盛顿。在正在航行的飞机上, 联邦所在地区的法官萨拉· 休斯主持了按照继任程序上任的美国第36位总统林肯· 约翰逊的宣誓典礼。前后仅两个小时, 总统权力就井井有条地进行了移交。2.总统辞职情况下的继任从1787年到1985年，美国40位总统中, 因辞职而离职的只有1位, 即第37位总统理查德· 尼克松。1974年8月9日他在连任第48 届总统期间, 因为水门事件而被迫辞职。这时离第48 届总统任期届满尚有两年零五个半月。当时的副总统杰拉尔德· 福特, 按照继任程序在当天成为总统。他成为第1位根据美国宪法第25条修正案继任总统职务的副总统。3.总统免职情况下的继任按照美国宪法规定, 总统只有在受到弹劾并被定罪的情况下, 才被免职。而从美国诞生到现在的200多年里, 共和党人安德鲁·约翰逊（1865-1868年任总统） 是唯一受到弹劾的总统。1867年安德鲁· 约翰逊解除了国防部长埃德温· 斯坦顿的职务。国会中共和党激进派议员以他破坏国会通过的《任职条例》和犯了其他不法行为为理由, 对他提出了弹劾。安德鲁· 约翰逊受到了参议院的审讯, 但他被参议院以一票之差定为无罪, 从而继续担任总统职务。这就是说,迄今为止还没有出现总统被免职的情况, 也没有发生总统免职情况下的继任。第二，美国宪法第25条修正案修改了美国宪法最初文本关于总统丧失任职能力情况下继任方面的笼统规定, 作出了以下二点具体规定。1.总统任职能力的丧失, 既可以根据总统本人向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交的书面声明来确定, 又可以根据副总统, 行政各部或国会以法律建立的其他机构的多数长官向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交的书面声明来确定。2.总统任职能力的恢复, 在一般情况下可以根据总统本人向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交的书面声明来确定。但是, 当总统和副总统等人在总统是否已恢复任职能力的问题上发生意见分岐的时候, 该问题由国会负责裁决。国会应当在法定的天之内, 以两院三分之二多数票来裁决总统是否已恢复任职能力。应当指出, 宪法修正案对总统丧失任职能力情况下可能出现的各种问题考虑的比较全面。但是实际上, 美国总统任职能力的丧失和恢复, 还是根据总统本人的态度来决定。由国会裁决的程序, 在美国一次也没运用过。例如, 1981年3月30日下午2点25 分, 美国时任总统罗纳德· 里根在华盛顿康涅狄格大街希尔顿饭店作完演说出现在该饭店要人出入口时, 遭到枪击, 被送到华盛顿大学医院治疗。罗纳德· 里根总统左肺中了一颗子弹, 大夫说他需要住院1-2周, 完全恢复健康需要3个月。但是, 里根在第二天（31日）就在病床上恢复了总统的工作。副总统布什31日到医院探望后, 强调里根仍在履行总统职务, 无需由他行使总统权力。第三，美国宪法第25条修正案还对副总统的继任问题作出了明确规定。它规定：凡当副总统职位出缺时, 总统应提名一名副总统, 在国会两院都以过半数票批准后就职。” 1973年杰拉尔德· 福特成为第一个按照美国宪法第25 条修正案的规定当上副总统的人。那时, 副总统皮罗· 阿格纽因被指控犯有逃避所得税等罪行, 受到巴尔的摩联邦地区法院的审判, 被迫辞职。经理查德· 尼克松总统提名, 国会批准众议院少数派领袖杰拉尔德· 福特为副总统。2003年总统继任法案修正案的最终规则2003年美国参议院通过了美国总统继任法案修改法案，最终确定了美国总统继任顺序：美国副总统众议院议长参议院临时议长国务卿财政部长国防部长司法部长国土安全部长内政部长农业部长商务部长劳工部长卫生与公众服务部长住房与城市发展部长交通部长能源部长教育部长退伍军人事务部长延伸阅读一：美国历史上有多少副总统直接继任总统？约翰·泰勒：美国历史上第一个因在任总统去世，以副总统之身直接继任总统的人。美国南方大庄园主出身，历任众议员、州长、国会参议员。1840年哈里森当选总统时，泰勒当选副总统。哈里森总统仅仅任职一个月，就因病去世；泰勒按照美国宪法规定，直接继任总统，成为美国历史上第一个幸运的副总统。米勒德·菲尔莫尔：美国历史上最具争议的总统，菲尔莫尔是贫穷的佃农出身，23岁通过律师考试后，进入政界，先后担任州议员和国会议员。1848年扎卡里·泰勒当选为总统，菲尔莫尔当选为副总统。两年后泰勒总统病逝于任上，菲尔莫尔按照美国宪法，直接继任总统。安德鲁·约翰逊：美国历史上首位被国会提出弹劾议案的总统，以一票之差保住总统之位。约翰逊出身贫寒，当过徒工，干过裁缝，早年生活非常艰辛。他是南北战争时期，唯一一个受到林肯总统信任的南方政治家。所以1864年林肯第二次竞选总统时，提名约翰逊为副总统候选人，二人都成功当选。1865年4月连任总统仅仅一个月时间的林肯被刺杀身亡，约翰逊继任为总统，美国的飞地阿拉斯加就是约翰逊当总统时购买的。切斯特·艾伦·阿瑟：美国共和党政治家，1880年加菲尔德当选为第20任总统，阿瑟当选为副总统。加菲尔德总统当选四个月后，就被刺客刺杀，阿瑟直接以副总统的身份继任美国总统。阿瑟在任期间，出台文官法案，革新美国文官体系，杜绝了美国政坛的政治分赃现象。另外他还大力发展海军，缔造了美国的现代海军。西奥多·罗斯福：美国著名的老罗斯福总统，门罗主义的奉行者，美西战争的英雄。1900年麦金莱连任总统时，罗斯福成功当选为副总统。麦金莱连任的第二年就被无政府主义者刺杀身亡，罗斯福继任为总统。当时罗斯福只有42岁，是美国历史上最年轻的总统。罗斯福当了两届总统，取得非凡成就，是美国历史上最伟大总统之一。杜鲁门：美国民主党政治家，1934年当选为联邦参议员，足足干了十年。1944年罗斯福第四次当选总统时，杜鲁门当选副总统。天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福，还没有完全带领美国人打赢反法西斯战争的罗斯福总统，突然于1945年4月病逝。时任副总统的杜鲁门按照美国宪法规定，直接继任总统。3年后，美国重新大选，杜鲁门成功取得连任。林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊：美国民主党政治家，1941年美日太平洋战争爆发后，约翰逊自愿入伍服役，随美国海军转战太平洋和大西洋，多次历险。1948年约翰逊当选参议员，5年后升任参议院民主党领袖。1961年肯尼迪当选总统时，约翰逊当选副总统。2年后肯尼迪遇刺身亡，约翰逊直接继任总统。福特：美国共和党政治家，二战时曾在美国海军服役，担任曼特瑞号航母助理导航官，参与美日太平洋海战。1946年福特以少校军校退役，进入美国政坛，1972年担任共和党全国代表大会主席。1973年美国时任副总统阿格纽因水门事件辞职，总统尼克松任命福特为新的副总统。1974年8月尼克松也因水门事件被迫辞职，福特按照美国宪法，直接继任总统。福特是美国历史上唯一一个没有经过任何选举，直接担任副总统，进而继任总统的人。可谓是幸运至极，可惜的是，福特在1976年追求连任时，以微弱劣势败给自己的对手，连任失败。到今天为止，美国共有48位副总统，其中只有8位幸运儿，在任副总统期间，因美国总统意外死亡或者辞职，直接继任总统。延伸阅读二：美国宪法第25条修正案Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.第一款    如遇总统被免职、死亡或辞职，副总统应成为总统。Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.第二款    凡当副总统职位出缺时，总统应提名一名副总统，经国会两院都以过半数票批准后就职。Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.第三款    凡当总统向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交书面声明，声称他不能够履行其职务的权力和责任，直到他向他们提交一份相反的声明为止，其权力和责任应由副总统代理总统履行。Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.第四款    凡当副总统和行政各部长官的多数或国会以法律设立的其他机构成员的多数，向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交书面声明，声称总统不能够履行总统职务的权力和责任时，副总统应立即作为代理总统承担总统职务的权力和责任。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":599,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"defaultTab":"posts","isTTM":true}