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Damon彦
2021-06-03

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US President Joe Biden wants to include $1 trillion in new spending in infrastructure bill

6月3日消息，据外媒Politico报道，美国总统拜登希望在基建法案中包含1万亿美元新支出。此前，专家称拜登的基建计划将面临五大矛盾。近日，拜登政府推出了规模空前的基础设施建设计划，旨在推动电动汽车和

US President Joe Biden wants to include $1 trillion in new spending in infrastructure bill

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Earlier, experts said that Biden's infrastructure plan would face five major contradictions.Recently, the Biden administration has launched an unprecedented infrastructure construction plan aimed at promoting electric vehicles and clean energy, creating job opportunities, and working on the construction of health care, education, and childcare systems.But this has been questioned by the outside world. The Financial Times published a signed article on the 2nd, saying that this plan will face five major contradictions:The contradiction between the federal and state governments in the United States, the imbalance of revenue and expenditure, the contradiction between infrastructure construction and national defense investment, the pressure of American industrial \"disadvantage\" and globalization \"tension\", the separation of powers and policy bubble, etc.According to the article, the plan looks beautiful, but in fact it affects the whole body, which will involve complex interests and political games. Any grand economic stimulus plan can hardly be divorced from the reality of industrial structure, power structure and international relations structure of the United States.The article points out that no matter how this infrastructure plan is promoted, the Biden administration will face several major contradictions:First, the contradiction between the federal and state governments in the United States.The federal authority of the United States and the \"autonomy\" of the state government to develop the state economy are an important contradiction. The Constitution of the United States clearly defines the boundary between the federal and state governments in the economic field. Regarding infrastructure issues, the federal government and state governments must coordinate within the framework of the U.S. Constitution, or supplement the Constitution to some extent through new legislation.The federal government must never infringe on the rights of the state government, let alone increase the financial pressure of the state government. If infrastructure construction increases the financial burden of the state, the federal government may face judicial prosecution and more pressure on transfer payments.Second, the problem of imbalance of income and expenditure.An unprecedented scale of investment means an unprecedented scale of borrowing. The debt problem is a major obstacle to the national economy and national development of the United States. The borrowing and debt control of the U.S. government have always been an incongruous contradiction. The most convenient way to borrow money is to issue Treasury Bond.At a time when the epidemic is still uncertain, there is uncertainty in the purchase of US dollar debt by \"buyers\" such as Japan.At present, the two parties in the United States reached an agreement on the ground transportation infrastructure bill last week. This bill plans to increase the funding for ground transportation by 34% to about $300 billion in the next five years. In May, a Republican senator released a $568 billion infrastructure plan as a replacement for Biden's plan.The White House responded by proposing to reduce the scale of infrastructure and employment programs to $1.7 trillion, a significant reduction from the original plan of $2.3 trillion. The new proposal reduces the investment in rural broadband and road and bridge related programs, and transfers some funds from the employment plan to other bills.The core problem is still the imbalance of income and expenditure.Third, the contradiction between infrastructure construction and national defense investment.The U.S. Congress passes the National Defense Authorization Act on an annual basis and proposes the budget for that year. Due to the global contraction of the United States in the field of counter-terrorism, its main strategic focus is to operate the Indo-Pacific geographical belt. The defense upgrades, deployment adjustments, military assistance, exercises, military welfare expenditures, etc. involved here are inherently astronomical numbers.For example, the so-called \"2021 naval exercise, the largest in this generation\" currently being prepared, has record-breaking funding. With the overall budget limited, how the United States coordinates the contradiction between infrastructure and national security deserves careful consideration.Fourth, the industrial \"disadvantage\" of the United States and the pressure of globalization \"tension\".There are many \"dual-use\" industries in the domestic industrial structure of the United States. Among them, the White House, think tanks and universities have formed a close \"community of interests\" in the research and development of advanced dual-use technologies.Many manufacturing enterprises involved in basic industries often implement \"outsourcing\". The unbalanced industrial structure forces the federal government to coordinate between domestic and foreign multinational companies, and many projects have to implement global bidding all the year round, which inevitably involves national security issues.Fifth, separation of powers and policy bubble.As president, any motion proposed by Biden needs to be authorized by Congress. Although Biden has the power to implement specific policies through executive orders, Congress, especially the House of Representatives, controls fiscal appropriations and budgets, which will severely restrict Biden's power.The short-cycle political elections in the United States have made maintaining and stabilizing power the core of partisan struggle. However, it is difficult to reach a consensus around any agenda involving national development except the agenda that is of great significance to national security.Members of different parties often question or accuse the opponent party's economic agenda of \"political purpose\" because of their different political views. The practice of using national well-being for partisan political interests abounds in American politics.Therefore, in the face of this large-scale economic \"reconstruction\" plan, it is normal to have a flood of doubts. In addition, the intensive elections in the United States have resulted in a short policy life cycle, and many policies only stay at the level of slogans or \"superficial taste\".Finally, the author emphasizes in the article that infrastructure involves all aspects, and Biden strives to promote \"re-industrialization\" and partially improve the foundation of people's livelihood, so as to achieve \"America is great again.\" Promote U.S. infrastructure,The most likely option is to implement it selectively, achieving coordination between meeting Biden's political performance needs and ensuring financial sustainability.However, if we want to reverse the current situation of domestic infrastructure construction in the United States, it is a grand project that may exceed the capabilities and control of the Biden administration. This is not a task that Biden can accomplish in his four-or eight-year political life cycle.To realize the \"ideal state\" envisioned by Biden, there must be an internal and external joint force to make the American political elite and society jointly realize that the status quo of infrastructure should no longer continue. That is the best node for American infrastructure construction.Obviously, it has not reached this historical node at present.","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>US President Joe Biden wants to include $1 trillion in new spending in infrastructure bill</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nUS President Joe Biden wants to include $1 trillion in new spending in infrastructure bill\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n老虎资讯综合 \n2021-06-03 18:38\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\nAccording to news on June 3, according to foreign media Politico, US President Biden hopes to include US $1 trillion in new spending in the infrastructure bill. Earlier, experts said that Biden's infrastructure plan would face five major contradictions.Recently, the Biden administration has launched an unprecedented infrastructure construction plan aimed at promoting electric vehicles and clean energy, creating job opportunities, and working on the construction of health care, education, and childcare systems.But this has been questioned by the outside world. The Financial Times published a signed article on the 2nd, saying that this plan will face five major contradictions:The contradiction between the federal and state governments in the United States, the imbalance of revenue and expenditure, the contradiction between infrastructure construction and national defense investment, the pressure of American industrial \"disadvantage\" and globalization \"tension\", the separation of powers and policy bubble, etc.According to the article, the plan looks beautiful, but in fact it affects the whole body, which will involve complex interests and political games. Any grand economic stimulus plan can hardly be divorced from the reality of industrial structure, power structure and international relations structure of the United States.The article points out that no matter how this infrastructure plan is promoted, the Biden administration will face several major contradictions:First, the contradiction between the federal and state governments in the United States.The federal authority of the United States and the \"autonomy\" of the state government to develop the state economy are an important contradiction. The Constitution of the United States clearly defines the boundary between the federal and state governments in the economic field. Regarding infrastructure issues, the federal government and state governments must coordinate within the framework of the U.S. Constitution, or supplement the Constitution to some extent through new legislation.The federal government must never infringe on the rights of the state government, let alone increase the financial pressure of the state government. If infrastructure construction increases the financial burden of the state, the federal government may face judicial prosecution and more pressure on transfer payments.Second, the problem of imbalance of income and expenditure.An unprecedented scale of investment means an unprecedented scale of borrowing. The debt problem is a major obstacle to the national economy and national development of the United States. The borrowing and debt control of the U.S. government have always been an incongruous contradiction. The most convenient way to borrow money is to issue Treasury Bond.At a time when the epidemic is still uncertain, there is uncertainty in the purchase of US dollar debt by \"buyers\" such as Japan.At present, the two parties in the United States reached an agreement on the ground transportation infrastructure bill last week. This bill plans to increase the funding for ground transportation by 34% to about $300 billion in the next five years. In May, a Republican senator released a $568 billion infrastructure plan as a replacement for Biden's plan.The White House responded by proposing to reduce the scale of infrastructure and employment programs to $1.7 trillion, a significant reduction from the original plan of $2.3 trillion. The new proposal reduces the investment in rural broadband and road and bridge related programs, and transfers some funds from the employment plan to other bills.The core problem is still the imbalance of income and expenditure.Third, the contradiction between infrastructure construction and national defense investment.The U.S. Congress passes the National Defense Authorization Act on an annual basis and proposes the budget for that year. Due to the global contraction of the United States in the field of counter-terrorism, its main strategic focus is to operate the Indo-Pacific geographical belt. The defense upgrades, deployment adjustments, military assistance, exercises, military welfare expenditures, etc. involved here are inherently astronomical numbers.For example, the so-called \"2021 naval exercise, the largest in this generation\" currently being prepared, has record-breaking funding. With the overall budget limited, how the United States coordinates the contradiction between infrastructure and national security deserves careful consideration.Fourth, the industrial \"disadvantage\" of the United States and the pressure of globalization \"tension\".There are many \"dual-use\" industries in the domestic industrial structure of the United States. Among them, the White House, think tanks and universities have formed a close \"community of interests\" in the research and development of advanced dual-use technologies.Many manufacturing enterprises involved in basic industries often implement \"outsourcing\". The unbalanced industrial structure forces the federal government to coordinate between domestic and foreign multinational companies, and many projects have to implement global bidding all the year round, which inevitably involves national security issues.Fifth, separation of powers and policy bubble.As president, any motion proposed by Biden needs to be authorized by Congress. Although Biden has the power to implement specific policies through executive orders, Congress, especially the House of Representatives, controls fiscal appropriations and budgets, which will severely restrict Biden's power.The short-cycle political elections in the United States have made maintaining and stabilizing power the core of partisan struggle. However, it is difficult to reach a consensus around any agenda involving national development except the agenda that is of great significance to national security.Members of different parties often question or accuse the opponent party's economic agenda of \"political purpose\" because of their different political views. The practice of using national well-being for partisan political interests abounds in American politics.Therefore, in the face of this large-scale economic \"reconstruction\" plan, it is normal to have a flood of doubts. In addition, the intensive elections in the United States have resulted in a short policy life cycle, and many policies only stay at the level of slogans or \"superficial taste\".Finally, the author emphasizes in the article that infrastructure involves all aspects, and Biden strives to promote \"re-industrialization\" and partially improve the foundation of people's livelihood, so as to achieve \"America is great again.\" Promote U.S. infrastructure,The most likely option is to implement it selectively, achieving coordination between meeting Biden's political performance needs and ensuring financial sustainability.However, if we want to reverse the current situation of domestic infrastructure construction in the United States, it is a grand project that may exceed the capabilities and control of the Biden administration. This is not a task that Biden can accomplish in his four-or eight-year political life cycle.To realize the \"ideal state\" envisioned by Biden, there must be an internal and external joint force to make the American political elite and society jointly realize that the status quo of infrastructure should no longer continue. That is the best node for American infrastructure construction.Obviously, it has not reached this historical node at present.\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/271cfa4439cda1437f20c9b60f7c187d","relate_stocks":{".SPX":"S&P 500 Index",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite",".DJI":"道琼斯","SPY":"标普500ETF"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1177817302","content_text":"6月3日消息，据外媒Politico报道，美国总统拜登希望在基建法案中包含1万亿美元新支出。此前，专家称拜登的基建计划将面临五大矛盾。近日，拜登政府推出了规模空前的基础设施建设计划，旨在推动电动汽车和清洁能源，创造就业机会，并致力于医疗保健、教育和托儿系统建设等。但是这却遭到了外界的质疑。英国《金融时报》2日发表署名文章称，这项计划将面临五大矛盾：美国联邦与州政府的矛盾、收支不均衡、基础设施建设与国防投资的矛盾、美国的产业“劣势”与全球化“张力”的压力、权力的分立与政策泡沫等。文章称，该计划看似美好，实则牵一发而动全身，其中将涉及到复杂的利益和政治博弈。任何宏大的经济刺激计划，都难以脱离美国的产业结构、权力结构与国际关系结构的现实。文章指出，无论如何推进这项基建计划，拜登政府都将面临几大矛盾问题：其一，美国联邦与州政府的矛盾。美国联邦权威与州政府发展州内经济的“自治权”，是一对重要的矛盾。美国《宪法》明确规定了联邦与州在经济领域的边界。就基建问题，联邦政府与州政府之间必须在美国《宪法》框架下进行协调，或通过新的立法对《宪法》进行某种程度的补充。联邦始终不得侵犯州政府的权利，更不能增加州政府的财政压力。如果基础设施建设增加了州的财政负担，联邦政府或将面临司法起诉，以及更多的转移支付压力。其二，收支不均衡的问题。空前规模的投资，意味着空前规模的举债。债务问题是美国国民经济和国家发展的重大阻碍。美国政府举债和控制债务始终是一对不可协调的矛盾。举债最便捷的渠道是发行国债。在疫情还存在不确定的时局下，日本等“买家”针对美元债务的购买，存在不确定性。目前，美国两党在上周已就地面交通基建法案达成一致。这项法案计划在未来五年内，将地面交通方面的拨款提高34%，至约3000亿美元。5月，有共和党参议员发布了5680亿美元的基建方案，作为拜登方案的替代。白宫回应提出，将基建和就业方案的规模压缩至1.7万亿美元，较原计划的2.3万亿美元大幅缩减。新提议减少了对乡村宽带和路桥相关计划的投入，将就业计划中的部分拨款转移到其他议案上。其中核心的问题，依然是收支的不均衡。其三，基础设施建设与国防投资的矛盾。美国国会按年度通过《国防授权法案》，提出当年预算。由于美国在反恐领域实施全球收缩，主要战略重心指向经营印太地缘带，这里涉及的防务升级、布防调整、军事援助、演习、军人福利开支等，本来就是庞大的天文数字。比如，目前正在筹备的所谓“这代人以来最大规模的2021海军演习”，其经费更是破纪录。在总体预算有限的情况下，美国如何协调基建与国家安全的矛盾，值得好好考虑。其四，美国的产业“劣势”与全球化“张力”的压力。美国国内产业结构多“军民两用”产业，其中白宫、智库与高校就先进军民两用技术的研发业，已形成了紧密的“利益共同体”。涉及基础产业的众多制造类企业，往往实行“外包”。不平衡的产业结构迫使联邦政府在国内与国外跨国公司之间进行协调，不少项目不得不常年实行全球招标，这又不可避免地涉及国家安全议题。其五，权力的分立与政策泡沫。作为总统，拜登提出的任何动议都需要得到国会授权。尽管拜登拥有以行政命令推行特定政策的权力，但国会尤其是众议院控制了财政拨款与预算，将严重制约拜登的权力。美国短周期的政治选举使得保持和稳固权力，成为党派斗争的核心。但凡涉及到国家发展的议程，除国家安全意义十足的议程外，围绕其他议程都很难达成共识。不同党派议员往往因政见不同，而质疑或指控对手党的经济议程存在“政治目的”。将国家福祉用于党派政治利益的做法，在美国政治中比比皆是。因此，面对这一规模庞大的经济“再建”计划，出现如潮的质疑是正常的。此外，美国的密集选举造成政策生命周期的短暂，很多政策仅仅停留在口号或“浅尝辄止”层面。最后，作者在文章中强调，基建涉及方方面面，拜登力图推动“再工业化”并部分改善民生之基，实现“美国再次伟大”。推进美国基建，可能性最大的方案是有选择地推行，在满足拜登的政绩需要与保障财力可持续之间实现协调。但若要逆转美国国内的基础设施建设现状，则是一个宏大的可能超越拜登政府能力与控制面的工程。这不是拜登四年或八年政治生命周期内可完成的任务。要实现拜登所设想的“理想状态”，必须有一种内外合力，使美国政治精英与社会共同认识到基础设施的现状不应该再继续下去，那才是美国基础设施建设的最佳节点。显然，目前并没有到这个历史节点。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{".IXIC":0.9,".DJI":0.9,"SPY":0.9,".SPX":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2287,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"EN","currentLanguage":"EN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":3,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ORIG"},"commentList":[],"hasMoreComment":false,"orderType":2}