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Jasonteo
2021-07-12

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Farewell, bank "high-interest" deposits

“我们也很惊讶，（存款利率）降的很低。”有城商行业务经理如是谈到存款利率定价改革后的变化。 6月21日，市场利率定价自律机制优化了存款利率自律上限的确定方式，将原由存款基准利率一定倍数形成的存款利率自

Farewell, bank "high-interest" deposits

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Some depositors expressed their incomprehension, and bank account managers also...</p><p><a href=\"None\">Web link</a></div></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/37d43f47ff4637f33c2675f14c1cc937","relate_stocks":{"000001":"平安银行"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2150309877","content_text":"“我们也很惊讶，（存款利率）降的很低。”有城商行业务经理如是谈到存款利率定价改革后的变化。\n6月21日，市场利率定价自律机制优化了存款利率自律上限的确定方式，将原由存款基准利率一定倍数形成的存款利率自律上限，改为在存款基准利率基础上加上一定基点确定。\n改革以后，记者走访广州国有银行网点发现，银行1年期以上存款利率大幅下调，市面上利率超过4%的“高息”存款陆续消失，有储户表示不理解，银行客户经理也表示很无奈，不过三年期的大额存单还较为受欢迎。\n在如是金融研究院院长管清友看来，存款利率改革后，可压降银行存款长端利率，降低负债端资金成本，缓解息差压力。光大银行金融市场部分析师周茂华认为，去年以来，银行部门为实体经济降低信贷融资成本，降费让利，银行息差收入明显收窄，部分银行盈利压力上升，因此，有必要通过存款利率改革合理降低银行存款负债成本，引导银行进一步为实体经济薄弱环节和重点领域让利。\n低息时代真的来了？\n“我们一般看客户的需求，有些会采用贴息的策略，基准利率是没有变化的，但是上调的空间变小了，体现在挂牌利率中，其中中长期存款利率普遍下滑，尤其国有大行下调的幅度比较大。”一位建行广州某网点的客户经理对经济观察报记者表示。\n记者走访广州、深圳银行网点发现，建行的起点金额为一万的定期存款，1年期、2年期和3年期的定期存款产品年化利率从 2.1%、2.94%和3.85%分别降到了2%、2.6%和3.25%；最新发行的20万元起大额存单中，1个月、3个月、6个月以及1年期的产品年化利率分别为 1.69%、1.70%、1.90%和2.10%，暂无2年期和3年期的产品。而30万元起大额存单中，只有2年期产品发售，2年期大额存单利率从3.15%降到了2.7%。\n中行广州某网点客户经理告诉记者，他们的定期存款和大额存单的产品利率自2021年6月下旬开始，也出现了调整，中长期存款利率下滑区间也和其它三大行类似，但是目前他们3年期利率为3.25%的大额存单已经没有额度了，具体额度发放时间要等通知。\n工行深圳某支行业务经理向经济观察报记者表示，2021年6月21日，该行三年期、20万元和30万起投的大额存单利率从 3.9875降到了3.35%，较之前下降了60多个BP，而三年期5万起定期存款和五年期50元起投产品的年化利率在3.25%，较之前也有所下降。“利率下调之后，买存款产品的的确少了，而且一些储户会非常惊讶，会问我们为什么会下降这么多，我们也很无奈，只能告诉储户不是只有我们一家在降，市场上的银行都有不同程度的下降。”上述工行业务经理说道。\n相比国有大行，股份行和城商行的大额存单和定期存款利率的下调幅度要小一些。浦发银行广州分行某支行的业务人士告诉记者，该行三年期、20万元的大额存单也下降了近40个BP，年化利率为3.55%。目前普通定期存款中，两年期存款利率为2.85%，三年期存款利率为3.5%，五年存款利率为4%。“三年期、20万元起的大额存单利率为3.45%，较之前下降了40个BP。”另外一家股份制银行某支行客户经理表示，平安银行、广发银行、招商银行等股份行三年期的大额存单产品也多集中在3.45%-3.55%区间。“我们也很惊讶，降的很低。”宁波银行深圳分行几个业务经理这样回应经济观察报记者，三年期、20万元起投的大额存单利率为3.55%，以前都是4%以上，有些转让专区的大额存单可能能达到3.9%，不过也要看有没有人转让。记者看到上海银行有些大额存单产品依然有4%以上的利率，例如该行一款名为“稳稳盈”的产品，5年期 20万起售的产品年利率达到4.05%，仅限北京成都区域销售。\n在网点走访中，多数银行客户经理表示，存款利率下调之后，三年期的大额存单还较为受欢迎；保本型的定期存款和大额存单对于上了年纪的老人客户而言，还是有一定价值的，客户经理也会告诉储户要适应这种低利息时代，现在觉得低，未来可能更低。\n此外，也有银行业务经理向储户推荐诸如理财和分红型保险产品替代存款。“理财产品的利率也在降，而且保本型的理财产品已经陆续下降，但相比存款产品，理财产品年限较短较为灵活，还有这种分红型保险产品，投保 4年以上年化利率可以达到4.23%，即便提前支取也有1%-3%不等的利率，不像存款提取支取变活期利率。”有银行业务经理告诉经济观察报记者。\n存款利率定价机制调整背后\n优化存款利率自律早见端倪。2019年8月，央行货币政策司司长孙国峰在国务院吹风会上称，LPR改革后，短期内贷款利率下降也可能会对银行的息差、盈利有一定的影响。但另一方面，存款基准利率将在未来较长时间内保留，央行也将指导市场利率定价自律机制，加强对存款利率的自律管理，维护市场竞争秩序，稳住银行负债端的成本，为银行可持续发展营造有利的条件。\n过去，各家银行的存款利率按照“基准利率×倍数”的方式定价，其中基准利率由央行确定，自2015年10月以来就没有变过，活期是0.35%，3个月是1.1%，6个月是1.3%，1年期是1.5%，2年期是 2.1%，3年期是2.75%；倍数由金融机构在利率自律组织的协调下自主协商确定上限，不同类型金融机构不同产品的上限不同，大行存款利率上限是1.4倍，中小银行是1.5倍。大额存单，上限更高，大行、股份行和城农商行分别是1.5倍、1.52倍及1.55倍。各金融机构根据揽储能力，在上限范围内自行确定倍数，进而明确存款实际执行利率。国有大行的实际执行利率上限通常是基准的1.3倍左右。\n而改革之后，存款利率改成“基准利率+基点”定价后，上限的确定方式和之前明显不同，之前是乘法，现在是做加法，加点上限也是由利率自律机制的核心成员商定，不同类型金融机构不同产品的加点上限也不同。活期存款，四大行加点上限是10BP，其他机构是20BP；定期存款，大行加点上限是50BP，其他机构是75BP；大额存单，大行加点上限是60BP，其他机构是80BP。“‘存款基准利率×倍数’方式过于粗放，由于长期限基准利率较高，在乘以相关倍数情况下，可能导致长期限存款利率定价过高的情况，改为‘存款基准利率+基点’方式，引导银行‘精细化’定价，同时提升银行自主定价自由度与灵活性；同时，监管部门为避免部分银行非理性‘高息揽储’，并考虑各类银行具体情况，对存款基准利率‘加点’上限进行差异化自律管理。”光大银行金融市场部分析师周茂华表示。\n如是金融研究院院长管清友认为，长期来看，存款利率发生大变革，引导存款定价方式与贷款“LPR+基点”定价方式接轨，推动利率市场化。成熟金融市场正常畅通的利率传导过程是“货币政策——政策利率——货币市场利率——存款利率——商业银行整体负债成本——贷款利率”。他表示，但是在中国这一传导过程并不畅通，由于存款和贷款基准利率的存在，使得第二步之后的传导全部受阻，已经市场化的货币市场利率无法传统至贷款利率，结果就出现了利率双轨制，并产生了一系列问题。之前贷款LPR改革直接跳过了第二、三步，通过与LPR挂钩，直接将货币市场利率和贷款利率联系起来，修复传导机制，推动“两轨并一轨”，提高了货币政策有效性，在一定程度上解决利率双轨制问题。这次存款定价方式改革，定价结构和贷款利率定价相似，为后续存款利率和货币市场利率、贷款利率有效联动预留了空间，也是利率市场化的重要一环。\n“对于商业银行，存款利率改革后，可减少杠杆效应，压降银行存款长端利率，降低负债端资金成本，缓解息差压力，利好银行经营，当然，具体效果还得看银行的业务结构。在银行业加速转型的大环境下，影响会越来越有限。对于实体企业，存款利率定价改革推进利率市场化，畅通利率传导过程，中长期存款利率下降，带动实体企业的融资成本会随之下行。”管清友称。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"000001":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2462,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"EN","currentLanguage":"EN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":4,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ORIG"},"commentList":[],"hasMoreComment":false,"orderType":2}