【進軍垃圾債市場?美聯儲只是想兜住“墮落天使”】

美聯儲昨日推出規模2.3萬億美元的新一輪刺激措施,再次讓市場興奮。其中,美聯儲擴大了一級和二級市場企業信貸便利 (PMCCF & SMCCF) 的範圍,爲購買BB級高收益 (垃圾級) 企業債敞開了大門。美國垃圾債應聲大漲,創二十年來最大漲幅。

不過,需要注意的是,美聯儲並非爲垃圾債市場全面兜底,而只是爲了接住“墮落天使” (投資級降低至垃圾級) 而採取的技術調整。根據美聯儲公佈的條款,其購買BB級企業債的條件是:在3月22日之前,評級需在BBB-級 (投資級中評級最低的一檔) 及以上,而隨後跌落至垃圾級後,評級也需要在BB-級以上 (圖)。這對於本來初始評級就是垃圾級的債權利好有限,尤其是苦苦掙扎的頁岩油公司。

不過即使如此,美聯儲也無法接住所有“墮落天使”:西方石油 (Occidental) 在3月20日被降至垃圾級,錯過了截止日期。而福特 (Ford) 和梅西百貨 (Macy's) 則幸運地在3月22日後被降級爲垃圾級,兩家公司的垃圾債應聲大漲。$西方石油(OXY)$$福特汽車(F)$$梅西百貨(M)$

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