后特朗普时代首次七国峰会，如何影响全球防疫与气候行动？

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后特朗普时代首次七国峰会，如何影响全球防疫与气候行动？

界面新闻2021-06-14

周日，为期三天的七国峰会（G7）在英国度假胜地康沃尔海滩落下帷幕。七国峰会是一个由七个主要工业国家组成的国际组织，目前成员为美国、加拿大、英国、法国、德国、意大利及日本。除了这七国的领袖，欧盟领导人也经常列席出现。这是自新冠疫情爆发以来七国集团首脑们首次在线下以峰会的形式相聚，也是后特朗普时代的首次七国峰会，因此备受关注。此次出席七国峰会的有：美国总统拜登、德国总理默克尔、法国总统马克龙、...

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Jefflau749
·2021-06-14
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- Michelle87:
  ya
  2021-06-16
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- Michelle87:
  贊
  2021-06-15
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Michelle87
·2021-06-14
[微笑]
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- Jefflau749:
  ya
  2021-06-28
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Tiang
·2021-06-14
??
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- XiaoZ:
  [强]
  2021-06-15
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Cjchow1919
·2021-06-14
like and share
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尤大成
·2021-06-14
Wqq
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Declaration），疫苗分发是其中的重要议题。\n七国集团承诺在未来12个月内，通过捐赠剩余物资和资助由联合国发起的疫苗Covax计划，确保发展中国家将再获得10亿支疫苗。\n美国和英国已在会前分别宣布捐出5亿和1亿剂疫苗，他们呼吁各国领袖也作出同样承诺。《卫报》援引美国官员称，美国已经向Covax捐赠了20亿美元；今年2月拜登政府又认捐了20亿美元。这第二笔20亿美元据悉现在将资助购买在美国生产的辉瑞公司的疫苗。\n《宣言》还计划讨论当前争议巨大的强制临时豁免专利。七国称，他们将在世界贸易组织的讨论中建设性地参与知识产权豁免的问题。\n除了应对新冠疫情的措施，七国还称“现在就将采取行动，加强全球卫生和卫生安全系统，为未来的大流行病做好准备”。\n《宣言》称，未来如若再次爆发疫情，七国集团将迅速采取行动，目的是在100天内提供疫苗、测试和治疗。\n除了加快药物和治疗方法的研发，《宣言》还指出要防止新冠疫情早期出现的“以邻为壑”的政策，并提出要支持改革和强化世界卫生组织。\n不过，《卫报》对此批评道，《宣言》并没有列出每个国家的详细承诺，也没有列出行动的时间表，许多承诺并不新鲜，执行效果仍有待观察。\n2030年集体碳排量将减少一半\n在6月13日的会晤中，各方则将重点转向了气候变化。\n七国领导人承诺，到2030年集体碳排放量将减少一半。这包括一系列的具体措施。例如，到2022年，七国将停止资助任何缺乏碳捕获技术的煤炭项目。再如，到2030年，对电力部门实现绝大部分的“去碳化”（decarbonized）。\n这是主要工业化经济体——它们对造成地球变暖的污染往往负有最大责任——首次同意，在2030年前集体削减其排放量，尽管包括美国和英国在内的几个国家已经单独制定了这些目标。\n特朗普在任的四年中，美国与西方多国在气候议题上分歧不断。拜登上任后，除了重新加入特朗普退出的《巴黎协定》，还承诺到2030年将美国的温室气体排放量减至2005年水平的50%，并在2035年前消除美国电力部门的化石燃料排放。\n七国集团计划今后将每年为发展中国家提供1000亿美元的资金，专门用于对抗气候变化。根据公益组织乐施会的统计，西方国家目前为发展中国家提供的气候保护援助规模仅有390亿美元。七国集团还称，也将努力保护生物多样性、阻止动植物的灭绝。\n本次峰会的东道主英国希望，七国集团能够就气候变化目标达成一致，并在今年11月举行的苏格兰联合国气候峰会上正式承诺，要在2050年实现碳中和。\n不过，七国的气候方案也遭遇了批评。《纽约时报》指出，尽管七国领导采取了旨在抑制气候变化的行动，但它们未能为燃煤使用设定一个明确的终止日期；而燃煤是全球变暖的主要因素。\n七国集团加起来产生了世界上大约四分之一的气候污染。《纽约时报》指出，领导人公报的最后措辞”只是模糊地呼吁迅速扩大技术和政策，进一步加快向没有碳捕获技术的煤炭过渡”。它们未能就使用煤炭的具体结束日期达成一致，这削弱了它们自身的说服力，特别是如果它们希望在今年晚些的气候峰会上说服其他100多个成员实现碳中和。\n国际绿色和平组织的执行主任珍妮弗·摩根对《纽约时报》称，这本是一个七国集团可以展示历史性领导力的时刻，但他们却留下了一个巨大的空白。\n七国集团的双重功能\n20世纪70年代初，西方经济遭到了第一次石油危机的重创。在法国倡议下，1975年，美、英、德、法、日、意六大工业国成立了六国集团。1976年，加拿大加入，七国集团就此诞生。\n1997年，俄罗斯的加入使得七国集团转变为八国集团。但由于俄罗斯对克里米亚危机的介入，其席位遭遇了冻结。尽管默克尔和特朗普后来提出让俄罗斯重新回归，但遭到了大部分成员否决。\n目前，七国集团的成员已经基本固定。此外，欧盟亦获邀成为非正式成员。\n截至2018年，G7合共占有全世界58%的财富、46%以现价GDP计算的GDP及逾32%的购买力平价标准的全球GDP。\n观察者指出，尽管七国集团组建的初衷主要是维护世界经济秩序，但从其近年的发展来看，它已经越来越多地在强调其政治角色。冷战期间，七国集团就曾频繁就维护世界安全秩序采取共同立场。","kind":null,"is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":true,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0},"commentList":[{"id":185742237,"gmtCreate":1623675904529,"gmtModify":1704208359995,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"htmlText":"[微笑]&nbsp;","listText":"[微笑]&nbsp;","text":"[微笑]","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":2,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/185742237","repostId":1102714025,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":4813475,"gmtCreate":1623853377556,"gmtModify":1663229038553,"authorId":3586139690737893,"author":{"id":3586139690737893,"idStr":"3586139690737893","authorId":3586139690737893,"name":"Michelle87","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/429c789d2f4cb22fa57e9febd51117b5","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":185742237,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"ya","text":"ya","html":"ya"},{"id":4782311,"gmtCreate":1623768750165,"gmtModify":1663228901730,"authorId":3586139690737893,"author":{"id":3586139690737893,"idStr":"3586139690737893","authorId":3586139690737893,"name":"Michelle87","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/429c789d2f4cb22fa57e9febd51117b5","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":185742237,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"贊","text":"贊","html":"贊"}],"langContent":"CN"},{"id":185742190,"gmtCreate":1623675890410,"gmtModify":1704208359671,"author":{"id":"3586139690737893","authorId":"3586139690737893","name":"Michelle87","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/429c789d2f4cb22fa57e9febd51117b5","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"authorIdStr":"3586139690737893","idStr":"3586139690737893"},"htmlText":"[微笑]&nbsp;","listText":"[微笑]&nbsp;","text":"[微笑]","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/185742190","repostId":1102714025,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":5042666,"gmtCreate":1624833032093,"gmtModify":1663230152046,"authorId":3576195246415673,"author":{"id":3576195246415673,"idStr":"3576195246415673","authorId":3576195246415673,"name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":185742190,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"ya","text":"ya","html":"ya"}],"langContent":"CN"},{"id":185748427,"gmtCreate":1623675793269,"gmtModify":1704208357077,"author":{"id":"3573763491905273","authorId":"3573763491905273","name":"Tiang","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/673a299b7220afa53cc9437e7118726e","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"authorIdStr":"35737634919052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