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- Invests no gamblingInvests no gambling
  ·06-16
  Good
  Citrini: AMD and Apple are both betting on flash memory to replace DRAM, potentially reducing memory costs by 55 times.
  面对DRAM暴涨，AI存储向低成本闪存转移。AMD收购MEXT将AI驱动闪存技术引入数据中心，苹果推进端侧闪存方案。巨头看重闪存成本仅为DRAM的1/55，正重构AI存储架构。
  Citrini: AMD and Apple are both betting on flash memory to replace DRAM, potentially reducing memory costs by 55 times.
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- Invests no gamblingInvests no gambling
  ·05-18
  😉
  The largest IPO in history! Musk: Hopes to advance SpaceX's IPO "soon"
  5月18日，马斯克表示，他希望“很快”推进SpaceX的首次公开募股（IPO）。此前消息，SpaceX正大幅加快IPO进程。原定于6月下旬（马斯克生日前后）的上市计划，现已调整为最早于下周三（5月20日）公开招股说明书，6月4日启动路演，6月11日确定发行价格，最早于6月12日正式挂牌交易，股票代码为“SPCX”。知情人士透露，美国证券交易委员会（SEC）对公司IPO文件的审查进度快于预期，是此次上市时间表提前的主要原因。
  The largest IPO in history! Musk: Hopes to advance SpaceX's IPO "soon"
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This signifies that AI storage architectures are undergoing a structural migration, and the core driving force is only one number:<strong>Flash memory costs only 1/55 of DRAM.</strong></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">On Monday, AMD announced the completion of its acquisition of MEXT for an undisclosed amount. MEXT's AI-driven predictive memory technology aims to make flash memory behave more closely to DRAM, expanding available memory capacity while maintaining performance and efficiency. AMD stated that the acquisition will expand its AI product portfolio, helping data center customers improve performance, reduce total cost of ownership, and accelerate workload deployment. \"Demand for memory is growing in every category of enterprise computing,\" AMD said in a statement.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/a86b38617b68e608382e6d8db9bf1389\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"755\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The acquisition news boosted AMD's stock price by 7.7% to $550.75 on Monday, bringing its market capitalization close to the $900 billion mark. The S&P 500 index rose 1.8% overall that day. AMD's stock price has risen by 323% year-to-date. Citigroup upgraded its rating on AMD from neutral to buy last Friday, and raised its price target from $460 to $575.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/fe5a732905489dfc96d3c249e9bea543\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"882\" tg-height=\"984\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">It is worth noting that,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a>The \"LLM in a Flash\" edge solution was launched as early as 2024. Behind this move lies an intensifying DRAM supply crisis. According to TrendForce data, high-bandwidth memory (HBM) now accounts for about a quarter of all DRAM wafer capacity, and DRAM contract prices surged by about 90% quarter-on-quarter in the first quarter of 2026. Citrine Research pointed out,<strong>The demand for AI storage has become so great that it requires a multi-tiered architecture to support it. Flash memory does not replace HBM, but rather addresses overflow demands in terms of capacity.</strong>—This restructuring is repricing the entire AI storage industry chain.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/7db9e832d1e323bc33ae1b899213dd97\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"825\"/><span></span></p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Memory tax crisis: Bottlenecks spread from AI to the entire economy</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">according to<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MS\">Morgan Stanley</a>Analyst Shawn Kim's team's assessment earlier this month,<strong>Soaring memory prices and supply shortages are evolving into a comprehensive risk to the digital economy.</strong>\"From bottlenecks in AI infrastructure to hardware profit margins, device affordability, cloud costs, inflation, and even policy.\" This pressure has been evidenced by specific cases: Xbox CEO Asha Sharma said last week that memory costs have increased about fivefold in the past two years, preventing the company from producing the number of game consoles consumers need.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">HBM's continued erosion of DRAM production capacity is the core driver of this crisis. According to TrendForce and<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">Samsung</a>,SK Hynix,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MU\">Micron</a>According to data disclosed by other manufacturers, HBM's share of DRAM wafer production capacity has climbed from 2% in 2020 to an estimated 25% in 2026. Massive cloud vendors are pre-purchasing future wafer output under multi-year contracts, further reducing the available capacity of standard chips for mobile phones and PCs.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The construction of new DRAM production capacity also faces structural constraints. Capacity expansion relies on EUV lithography printing for finer linewidths, with each EUV unit costing approximately $200 million. The investment in a new wafer fab is often...<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SBAY\">Tens of billions</a>In US dollars, the construction period would take several years even under smooth conditions. This supply rigidity is the fundamental reason why this round of shortages is sustainable.</p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">55-fold cost difference: the economic logic of flash memory substitution</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to Citrini Research,<strong>Flash memory costs about 1/55 of DRAM per bit—QLC NAND is about $0.05 per GB, DDR5 DRAM is about $2.75, and HBM3E is as high as $15.</strong>The potential for this price difference lies in the fact that the largest single memory consumption in AI inference—the KV cache (which records all previously marked contexts in each generation step of the model and can grow to hundreds of GB in long conversations)—requires far less reading speed than the decoding path of the model weights. For this type of sequential data reading, the speed advantage of DRAM is significantly reduced, while the capacity advantage of flash memory is fully demonstrated.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/8f9b061541f243d013842840b2a9af30\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"671\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The expansion path of flash memory is also fundamentally different from that of DRAM. Flash memory increases capacity by vertically stacking more cell layers, relies on existing deposition and etching processes in existing factories, eliminates the need for new lithography nodes, and does not consume EUV resources. Flash memory controllers are manufactured based on proven 6/7 nanometer processes, away from the bottlenecks that are constraining advanced processes.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">A previous paper by Apple researchers, \"LLM in a Flash,\" provides methodological support: by storing large language model parameters in the device's Flash memory and retrieving them to DRAM on demand, models exceeding their capacity limit can be run on devices with limited DRAM capacity, and inference speeds can be achieved on the CPU and GPU, respectively, 4 to 5 times faster and 20 to 25 times faster than the simple loading method.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/1b87a29aa7ba0ff023c247b4f54e9951\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"630\"/><span></span></p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Two paths: Synchronous evolution between the data center and the edge</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">AMD's acquisition focuses on the data center scenario. By integrating MEXT technology into AMD's data center portfolio, AMD seeks to help enterprise customers improve resource efficiency and reduce costs in AI workload deployments. Morgan Stanley's Shawn Kim team believes that despite persistent memory shortages, AMD still has a structural advantage in the cloud market competition—\"Agent-driven AI-driven CPU demand is structurally beneficial for AMD's expansion of its cloud market share.\" Citi's optimistic forecast for AMD is more based on its GPU sales and...<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NVDA\">NVIDIA</a>A positive competitive landscape.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Apple's path, on the other hand, falls on the device side. The \"LLM in a Flash\" solution transfers the reliance of model inference on expensive cloud memory to the device's local Flash memory, reducing cloud computing costs while providing viable memory architecture support for edge AI applications.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to Citrini Research, both paths lead to the same conclusion:<strong>The memory layer of AI inference is being restructured. Low-frequency KV cache, model weights, and edge data will gradually sink from the expensive HBM/DRAM layer to the NAND Flash/SSD layer, forming a multi-tiered storage architecture.</strong></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">This structural shift is creating a multi-layered transmission effect along the industrial chain. According to Citrini Research, the most direct beneficiaries are NAND manufacturers, with high-capacity NAND, enterprise-grade SSDs, and QLC NAND being the purest directions, including SanDisk,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WDC\">Western Data</a>Micron and Kioxia.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The SSD controller layer is considered the most durable—the core of truly bringing flash memory closer to the memory experience lies in controller, firmware, and NVMe architecture optimization, involving...<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SIMO\">Silicon Motion</a>, Marvell et al. The CXL/PCIe high-speed interconnect layer also benefits.</p><p></body></html></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Citrini: AMD and Apple are both betting on flash memory to replace DRAM, potentially reducing memory costs by 55 times.</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCitrini: AMD and Apple are both betting on flash memory to replace DRAM, potentially reducing memory costs by 55 times.\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1084101182\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/66809d1f5c2e43e2bdf15820c6d6897e);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">华尔街见闻 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2026-06-16 16:51</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body><p style=\"text-align: left;\">AI inference's reliance on expensive DRAM is loosening.<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMD\">AMD</a>Announced the acquisition of memory optimization company MEXT, bringing AI-driven flash optimization technology to data centers. This signifies that AI storage architectures are undergoing a structural migration, and the core driving force is only one number:<strong>Flash memory costs only 1/55 of DRAM.</strong></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">On Monday, AMD announced the completion of its acquisition of MEXT for an undisclosed amount. MEXT's AI-driven predictive memory technology aims to make flash memory behave more closely to DRAM, expanding available memory capacity while maintaining performance and efficiency. AMD stated that the acquisition will expand its AI product portfolio, helping data center customers improve performance, reduce total cost of ownership, and accelerate workload deployment. \"Demand for memory is growing in every category of enterprise computing,\" AMD said in a statement.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/a86b38617b68e608382e6d8db9bf1389\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"755\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The acquisition news boosted AMD's stock price by 7.7% to $550.75 on Monday, bringing its market capitalization close to the $900 billion mark. The S&P 500 index rose 1.8% overall that day. AMD's stock price has risen by 323% year-to-date. Citigroup upgraded its rating on AMD from neutral to buy last Friday, and raised its price target from $460 to $575.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/fe5a732905489dfc96d3c249e9bea543\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"882\" tg-height=\"984\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">It is worth noting that,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a>The \"LLM in a Flash\" edge solution was launched as early as 2024. Behind this move lies an intensifying DRAM supply crisis. According to TrendForce data, high-bandwidth memory (HBM) now accounts for about a quarter of all DRAM wafer capacity, and DRAM contract prices surged by about 90% quarter-on-quarter in the first quarter of 2026. Citrine Research pointed out,<strong>The demand for AI storage has become so great that it requires a multi-tiered architecture to support it. Flash memory does not replace HBM, but rather addresses overflow demands in terms of capacity.</strong>—This restructuring is repricing the entire AI storage industry chain.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/7db9e832d1e323bc33ae1b899213dd97\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"825\"/><span></span></p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Memory tax crisis: Bottlenecks spread from AI to the entire economy</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">according to<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MS\">Morgan Stanley</a>Analyst Shawn Kim's team's assessment earlier this month,<strong>Soaring memory prices and supply shortages are evolving into a comprehensive risk to the digital economy.</strong>\"From bottlenecks in AI infrastructure to hardware profit margins, device affordability, cloud costs, inflation, and even policy.\" This pressure has been evidenced by specific cases: Xbox CEO Asha Sharma said last week that memory costs have increased about fivefold in the past two years, preventing the company from producing the number of game consoles consumers need.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">HBM's continued erosion of DRAM production capacity is the core driver of this crisis. According to TrendForce and<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">Samsung</a>,SK Hynix,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MU\">Micron</a>According to data disclosed by other manufacturers, HBM's share of DRAM wafer production capacity has climbed from 2% in 2020 to an estimated 25% in 2026. Massive cloud vendors are pre-purchasing future wafer output under multi-year contracts, further reducing the available capacity of standard chips for mobile phones and PCs.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The construction of new DRAM production capacity also faces structural constraints. Capacity expansion relies on EUV lithography printing for finer linewidths, with each EUV unit costing approximately $200 million. The investment in a new wafer fab is often...<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SBAY\">Tens of billions</a>In US dollars, the construction period would take several years even under smooth conditions. This supply rigidity is the fundamental reason why this round of shortages is sustainable.</p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">55-fold cost difference: the economic logic of flash memory substitution</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to Citrini Research,<strong>Flash memory costs about 1/55 of DRAM per bit—QLC NAND is about $0.05 per GB, DDR5 DRAM is about $2.75, and HBM3E is as high as $15.</strong>The potential for this price difference lies in the fact that the largest single memory consumption in AI inference—the KV cache (which records all previously marked contexts in each generation step of the model and can grow to hundreds of GB in long conversations)—requires far less reading speed than the decoding path of the model weights. For this type of sequential data reading, the speed advantage of DRAM is significantly reduced, while the capacity advantage of flash memory is fully demonstrated.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/8f9b061541f243d013842840b2a9af30\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"671\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The expansion path of flash memory is also fundamentally different from that of DRAM. Flash memory increases capacity by vertically stacking more cell layers, relies on existing deposition and etching processes in existing factories, eliminates the need for new lithography nodes, and does not consume EUV resources. Flash memory controllers are manufactured based on proven 6/7 nanometer processes, away from the bottlenecks that are constraining advanced processes.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">A previous paper by Apple researchers, \"LLM in a Flash,\" provides methodological support: by storing large language model parameters in the device's Flash memory and retrieving them to DRAM on demand, models exceeding their capacity limit can be run on devices with limited DRAM capacity, and inference speeds can be achieved on the CPU and GPU, respectively, 4 to 5 times faster and 20 to 25 times faster than the simple loading method.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/1b87a29aa7ba0ff023c247b4f54e9951\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"630\"/><span></span></p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Two paths: Synchronous evolution between the data center and the edge</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">AMD's acquisition focuses on the data center scenario. By integrating MEXT technology into AMD's data center portfolio, AMD seeks to help enterprise customers improve resource efficiency and reduce costs in AI workload deployments. Morgan Stanley's Shawn Kim team believes that despite persistent memory shortages, AMD still has a structural advantage in the cloud market competition—\"Agent-driven AI-driven CPU demand is structurally beneficial for AMD's expansion of its cloud market share.\" Citi's optimistic forecast for AMD is more based on its GPU sales and...<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NVDA\">NVIDIA</a>A positive competitive landscape.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Apple's path, on the other hand, falls on the device side. The \"LLM in a Flash\" solution transfers the reliance of model inference on expensive cloud memory to the device's local Flash memory, reducing cloud computing costs while providing viable memory architecture support for edge AI applications.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to Citrini Research, both paths lead to the same conclusion:<strong>The memory layer of AI inference is being restructured. Low-frequency KV cache, model weights, and edge data will gradually sink from the expensive HBM/DRAM layer to the NAND Flash/SSD layer, forming a multi-tiered storage architecture.</strong></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">This structural shift is creating a multi-layered transmission effect along the industrial chain. According to Citrini Research, the most direct beneficiaries are NAND manufacturers, with high-capacity NAND, enterprise-grade SSDs, and QLC NAND being the purest directions, including SanDisk,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WDC\">Western Data</a>Micron and Kioxia.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The SSD controller layer is considered the most durable—the core of truly bringing flash memory closer to the memory experience lies in controller, firmware, and NVMe architecture optimization, involving...<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SIMO\">Silicon Motion</a>, Marvell et al. The CXL/PCIe high-speed interconnect layer also benefits.</p><p></body></html></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a86b38617b68e608382e6d8db9bf1389","relate_stocks":{"LU1951198990.SGD":"Natixis Thematics AI & Robotics Fund H-R/A SGD-H","IE00B19Z9505.USD":"美盛-美国大盘成长股A Acc","IE00BKVL7J92.USD":"Legg Mason ClearBridge - US Equity Sustainability Leaders A Acc USD","LU1206713676.USD":"Aviva Investors - Multi-Strategy Target Return Ah USD","LU1951200564.SGD":"Natixis Thematics AI & Robotics Fund R/A SGD","LU1923623000.USD":"Natixis Thematics AI & Robotics Fund R/A USD","LU2125154778.USD":"ALLSPRING GLOBAL EQUITY ENHANCED INCOME \"A\" (USD) INC","LU0061474960.USD":"天利环球焦点基金AU Acc","LU1814569148.SGD":"WELLINGTON GLOBAL QUALITY GROWTH \"D\" (SGDHDG) ACC","LU0683600562.USD":"AB SELECT US EQUITY \"A\" (USD) ACC","BK4554":"元宇宙及AR概念","IE000F7OJYX1.SGD":"RQI GLOBAL \"I\" (SGDHDG) INC","LU0965509283.SGD":"AB LOW VOLATILITY EQUITY PORTFOLIO 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ACC"},"source_url":"https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3774784","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2643373567","content_text":"AI推理对昂贵DRAM的依赖正在松动。AMD宣布收购内存优化公司MEXT，将AI驱动的闪存优化技术引入数据中心。这标志着AI存储架构正在经历一场结构性迁移，而核心驱动力只有一个数字：闪存成本仅为DRAM的1/55。周一，AMD宣布以未披露金额完成对MEXT的收购。MEXT开发的AI驱动预测内存技术，旨在让闪存的行为更接近DRAM，在维持性能与效率的同时扩展可用内存容量。AMD表示，此次收购将扩充其AI产品组合，帮助数据中心客户提升性能、降低总拥有成本并加速工作负载部署。\"对内存的需求正在企业计算的每个品类中增长，\"AMD在声明中称。收购消息刺激AMD股价周一上涨7.7%至550.75美元，市值逼近9000亿美元关口，当日S&P 500指数整体上涨1.8%。AMD今年以来累计涨幅已达323%。花旗上周五将AMD评级从中性上调至买入，目标价从460美元上调至575美元。值得注意的是，苹果早在2024年就开始推进\"LLM in a Flash\"端侧方案。这一布局背后，是愈演愈烈的DRAM供给危机。据TrendForce数据，高带宽内存（HBM）已占全部DRAM晶圆产能的约四分之一，DRAM合约价格在2026年第一季度单季环比暴涨约90%。Citrini Research指出，AI存储需求已大到需要多层架构共同承接，闪存并非取代HBM，而是在容量维度承接溢出需求——这场架构重构正在重新定价整条AI存储产业链。内存税危机：瓶颈从AI蔓延至全经济据摩根士丹利分析师Shawn Kim团队本月早些时候的判断，内存价格飙升和供应稀缺正演变为数字经济的全面风险，\"从AI基础设施的瓶颈，蔓延至硬件利润率、设备可负担性、云成本、通胀乃至政策层面。\"这一压力已有具体案例佐证：Xbox首席执行官Asha Sharma上周表示，内存成本在过去两年间上涨了约五倍，导致公司无法生产消费者所需数量的游戏主机。HBM对DRAM产能的持续蚕食是这场危机的核心驱动。据TrendForce及三星、SK海力士、美光等厂商的披露数据，HBM在DRAM晶圆产能中的占比已从2020年的2%攀升至2026年预估的25%。超大规模云厂商以多年期合同预购未来晶圆产出，进一步压缩了面向手机和PC的标准芯片可用产能。新增DRAM产能的建设同样面临结构性制约。扩产依赖EUV光刻机印制更精细线宽，每台EUV设备售价高达约2亿美元，一座新晶圆厂的投资动辄数百亿美元，建设周期在顺利情况下也需数年。这一供给刚性，正是本轮短缺具备持续性的根本原因。55倍成本差：闪存替代的经济逻辑据Citrini Research测算，闪存的每比特成本约为DRAM的1/55——QLC NAND约为每GB 0.05美元，DDR5 DRAM约为2.75美元，HBM3E则高达15美元。这一价差的可利用空间，在于AI推理中最大的单一内存消耗——KV缓存（记录模型每次生成步骤中所有先前标记的上下文，长对话中可增长至数百GB）——对读取速度的要求远低于模型权重的解码路径。对于此类顺序读取数据，DRAM的速度优势大幅收窄，而闪存的容量优势则充分体现。闪存的扩容路径也与DRAM存在本质区别。闪存通过垂直堆叠更多单元层来增加容量，依赖现有工厂已有的沉积和刻蚀工艺，无需新的光刻节点，不占用EUV资源。闪存控制器基于成熟的6/7纳米制程生产，远离正在制约先进制程的瓶颈节点。苹果研究人员此前发表的论文\"LLM in a Flash\"提供了方法论支撑：通过将大语言模型参数存储于设备闪存、按需调取至DRAM的方式，可在DRAM容量受限的设备上运行超出其容量上限的模型，并在CPU和GPU上分别实现比朴素加载方式快4至5倍和20至25倍的推理速度。两条路径：数据中心与端侧同步演进AMD的收购聚焦数据中心场景。通过将MEXT技术整合至AMD数据中心产品组合，AMD寻求帮助企业客户在AI工作负载部署中提升资源利用效率并压缩成本。摩根士丹利Shawn Kim团队认为，尽管内存短缺持续，AMD在云端市场竞争格局上仍具结构性优势——\"代理式AI驱动的CPU需求在结构上有利于AMD在云端市场份额的扩张。\"花旗对AMD的乐观预判则更多基于其GPU销售与英伟达的正面竞争态势。苹果的路径则落子端侧。\"LLM in a Flash\"方案将模型推理对昂贵云端内存的依赖部分转移至设备本地闪存，在降低云端运算成本的同时，为端侧AI应用提供可行的内存架构支撑。据Citrini Research，两大路径共同指向同一结论：AI推理的内存层级正在重构，低频KV缓存、模型权重及端侧数据，将逐步从高价的HBM/DRAM下沉至NAND Flash/SSD层，形成多层次存储架构。这一架构转变正沿产业链形成多层次的传导效应。据Citrini Research梳理，最直接的受益层是NAND原厂，高容量NAND、企业级SSD及QLC NAND为最纯粹的方向，包括SanDisk、西部数据、美光及铠侠。SSD控制器层被认为持续性最强——让闪存真正接近内存体验的核心在于控制器、固件与NVMe架构优化，涉及Silicon Motion、Marvell等。CXL/PCIe高速互联层亦受益。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"AAPB":0.6,"AAPW":0.6,"AAPX":0.6,"AMDS":0.6,"AMDU":0.6,"AMUU":0.6,"AAPL":1.89,"AMDG":0.6,"AMYY":0.6,"AMDY":0.6,"AMD":1.96,"AMDW":0.6,"DAMD":0.6,"AAPY":0.6,"AAPU":0.6,"AMDD":0.6,"AMDL":0.6,"APLY":0.6,"AAPD":0.6}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1241,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":565541991387336,"gmtCreate":1779104881053,"gmtModify":1779105235493,"author":{"id":"4204818795581912","authorId":"4204818795581912","name":"Invests no gambling","avatar":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/36fa51bb4b75c0adc6108bf97e8a90fe","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4204818795581912","idStr":"4204818795581912"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"😉","listText":"😉","text":"😉","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/565541991387336","repostId":"1119723737","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"1119723737","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"为用户提供金融资讯、行情、数据，旨在帮助投资者理解世界，做投资决策。","home_visible":1,"media_name":"老虎资讯综合","id":"102","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1779088419,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1119723737?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2026-05-18 15:13","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"The largest IPO in history! Musk: Hopes to advance SpaceX's IPO \"soon\"","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1119723737","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"5月18日，马斯克表示，他希望“很快”推进SpaceX的首次公开募股（IPO）。此前消息，SpaceX正大幅加快IPO进程。原定于6月下旬（马斯克生日前后）的上市计划，现已调整为最早于下周三（5月20日）公开招股说明书，6月4日启动路演，6月11日确定发行价格，最早于6月12日正式挂牌交易，股票代码为“SPCX”。知情人士透露，美国证券交易委员会（SEC）对公司IPO文件的审查进度快于预期，是此次上市时间表提前的主要原因。","content":"<p><html><head></head><body>On May 18, Musk said he hoped to move forward with SpaceX's initial public offering (IPO) \"soon\".</p><p>Previous reports indicated that SpaceX is accelerating its IPO process, aiming for the largest initial public offering in history. Last Friday local time, the Wall Street Journal, citing sources familiar with the matter, reported that Elon Musk's rocket company SpaceX plans to officially go public on June 12, with an expected fundraising scale of up to $80 billion or more, listed on Nasdaq. If the plan proceeds smoothly, it will become the largest IPO in the history of global capital markets.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The proceeds from this round of financing will be primarily used to promote the large-scale launch program of the Starship project and to build a data center network deployed in low Earth orbit.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to Reuters, citing sources familiar with the matter, SpaceX has significantly advanced its original schedule—originally planned to complete the IPO process in late June (around Musk's birthday), but has now adjusted to publicly announcing its prospectus as early as next Wednesday, launching its roadshow on June 4, and officially going public on June 12.</p><p></body></html></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>The largest IPO in history! Musk: Hopes to advance SpaceX's IPO \"soon\"</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nThe largest IPO in history! Musk: Hopes to advance SpaceX's IPO \"soon\"\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2026-05-18 15:13</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body>On May 18, Musk said he hoped to move forward with SpaceX's initial public offering (IPO) \"soon\".</p><p>Previous reports indicated that SpaceX is accelerating its IPO process, aiming for the largest initial public offering in history. Last Friday local time, the Wall Street Journal, citing sources familiar with the matter, reported that Elon Musk's rocket company SpaceX plans to officially go public on June 12, with an expected fundraising scale of up to $80 billion or more, listed on Nasdaq. If the plan proceeds smoothly, it will become the largest IPO in the history of global capital markets.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The proceeds from this round of financing will be primarily used to promote the large-scale launch program of the Starship project and to build a data center network deployed in low Earth orbit.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to Reuters, citing sources familiar with the matter, SpaceX has significantly advanced its original schedule—originally planned to complete the IPO process in late June (around Musk's birthday), but has now adjusted to publicly announcing its prospectus as early as next Wednesday, launching its roadshow on June 4, and officially going public on June 12.</p><p></body></html></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/37a92dcaf28f64e8cb7016e217314e1f","relate_stocks":{"DXYZ":"Destiny Tech100 Inc"},"source_url":"","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1119723737","content_text":"5月18日，马斯克表示，他希望“很快”推进SpaceX的首次公开募股（IPO）。此前消息，SpaceX正加速推进上市进程，剑指史上规模最大的首次公开募股。当地时间上周五，华尔街日报援引知情人士消息报道，埃隆·马斯克旗下火箭公司SpaceX计划于6月12日正式挂牌上市，预计融资规模高达800亿美元甚至更多，上市地点为纳斯达克。若计划顺利推进，这将成为全球资本市场有史以来规模最大的IPO。本轮融资所得将主要用于推动“星舰”（Starship）项目的大规模发射计划，以及建设部署于近地轨道的数据中心网络。另据路透援引知情人士报道，SpaceX已大幅提前原定时间表——原计划于6月下旬（马斯克生日前后）完成上市流程，现已调整为最早于下周三公开招股说明书，6月4日启动路演，并于6月12日正式上市。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"DXYZ":2}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1471,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"defaultTab":"posts","isTTM":true}