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Jefflau749

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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2023-02-02
  ya
  Singapore Stocks to Watch: FLCT, Oxley, Keppel Pacific Oak US Reit, Quantum Healthcare
  THE following companies saw new developments that may affect trading of their securities on Thursday
  Singapore Stocks to Watch: FLCT, Oxley, Keppel Pacific Oak US Reit, Quantum Healthcare
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2023-02-02
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  Sorry, this post has been deleted
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-11-14
  $Cornerstone Strategic Value Fund(CLM)$ ya
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-11-14
  $老虎证券(TIGR)$ ya
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-10-04
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  Sorry, this post has been deleted
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-10-03
  $Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$U
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-10-03
  $Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$ya
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-07-26
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-07-21
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-07-19
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  Too curly! Broker No. 1 dismantled Tesla and wrote a 94-page report
  没拆过车，都不好意思说自己是电车分析师。卖方分析师“卷无止尽”......继上个月海通国际拆了一台比亚迪“元”，用87页研报展示汽车零部件的详细细节后，“券商一哥”中信证券拆了一台特斯拉Model 3
  Too curly! Broker No. 1 dismantled Tesla and wrote a 94-page report
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href=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/stocks-watch-flct-oxley-keppel-pacific-oak-us-reit-quantum-healthcare><strong>Business Times</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>THE following companies saw new developments that may affect trading of their securities on Thursday (Feb 2):FRASERS Logistics & Commercial Trust recorded over 239,500 square metres (sq m) of leasing ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/stocks-watch-flct-oxley-keppel-pacific-oak-us-reit-quantum-healthcare\">Source Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"5UX.SI":"豪利","V8Y.SI":"康敦医疗","CMOU.SI":"KOREReitUSD","BUOU.SI":"星狮物流工业信托"},"source_url":"https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/stocks-watch-flct-oxley-keppel-pacific-oak-us-reit-quantum-healthcare","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1138331498","content_text":"THE following companies saw new developments that may affect trading of their securities on Thursday (Feb 2):FRASERS Logistics & Commercial Trust recorded over 239,500 square metres (sq m) of leasing across its portfolio for its first quarter ended Dec 31, 2022, the real estate investment trust’s (Reit) manager said in a Wednesday (Feb 1) business update.The Reit maintained a 100 per cent occupancy for its logistics and industrial (L&I) portfolio, while its commercial portfolio recorded an 89.8 per cent occupancy rate. Overall occupancy came in at 95.9 per cent.Mainboard-listed Oxley Holdings reported on Wednesday (Feb 1) a sharp decline in net profit for its first half on the back of lower revenue and higher finance costs.Net profit for the six-month period ended Dec 31, 2022 fell to S$277,000 from S$23.5 million in the corresponding period a year ago.The group said in the bourse filing that the lower profits were due to “lower revenue streams coupled with higher finance costs resulting from rising interest rates and lower mark-to-market fair-value gain on derivative financial instruments”.THE manager of Keppel Pacific Oak US Reit said large-scale layoffs amid a tech sector slowdown are not a major concern for its portfolio – and might even be viewed as “somewhat positive” for the US office-focused real estate investment trust (Reit).“When you look at the layoffs for these companies in Bellevue and Redmond and compare that to what their hiring has been over the last several years, you will find that it has been just a fraction of what their hiring had been,” said David Snyder, chief executive of the Reit manager, at a briefing on Wednesday (Feb 1) following its FY2022 results announcement.Quantum Healthcare, on Feb 2, announced that it has proposed to acquire the businesses of three clinics operating under the Dental Hub Group.The acquisition was scaled down from theinitial acquisition of six clinicsunder the Dental Hub Group.The three clinics under the acquisition are located at Alexandra Road, Bedok North and Choa Chua Kang. The previous agreement included other clinics that were located in Jurong West, Telok Blangah Crescent and West Coast Road. According to Quantum Healthcare, this is due to several factors such as the existing market conditions, the clinics’ financial performance, as well as the location of the clinics.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"V8Y.SI":0.9,"BUOU.SI":0.9,"5UX.SI":0.9,"CMOU.SI":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3308,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9955894837,"gmtCreate":1675317716529,"gmtModify":1676538992495,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"ya","listText":"ya","text":"ya","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9955894837","repostId":"1144650848","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3349,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9969692003,"gmtCreate":1668421088003,"gmtModify":1676538054023,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/CLM\">$Cornerstone Strategic Value Fund(CLM)$ &nbsp;</a>ya","listText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/CLM\">$Cornerstone Strategic Value Fund(CLM)$ &nbsp;</a>ya","text":"$Cornerstone Strategic Value Fund(CLM)$ ya","images":[{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/40d0545f72bc49a80eab4e2b46927636","width":"1080","height":"2266"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9969692003","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3477,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9969696444,"gmtCreate":1668421068588,"gmtModify":1676538054022,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/TIGR\">$老虎证券(TIGR)$ &nbsp;</a>ya","listText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/TIGR\">$老虎证券(TIGR)$ &nbsp;</a>ya","text":"$老虎证券(TIGR)$ 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Inc.(AITX)$U","images":[{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/0739bbd9510f43bdc11bde975f59a1aa","width":"1080","height":"1920"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9912950969","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3763,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9912950005,"gmtCreate":1664751332208,"gmtModify":1676537500397,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/AITX\">$Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$</a>ya","listText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/AITX\">$Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$</a>ya","text":"$Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$ya","images":[{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/0739bbd9510f43bdc11bde975f59a1aa","width":"1080","height":"1920"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9912950005","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3640,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9909019162,"gmtCreate":1658791730656,"gmtModify":1676536206553,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"ya","listText":"ya","text":"ya","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9909019162","repostId":"1100128143","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3342,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9074636978,"gmtCreate":1658357454094,"gmtModify":1676536144188,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"ya","listText":"ya","text":"ya","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9074636978","repostId":"1163029397","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3641,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9075890181,"gmtCreate":1658184629543,"gmtModify":1676536116377,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"ya","listText":"ya","text":"ya","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9075890181","repostId":"1148974307","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1148974307","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1658111581,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1148974307?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2022-07-18 10:33","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"Too curly! Broker No. 1 dismantled Tesla and wrote a 94-page report","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1148974307","media":"华尔街见闻","summary":"没拆过车，都不好意思说自己是电车分析师。卖方分析师“卷无止尽”......继上个月海通国际拆了一台比亚迪“元”，用87页研报展示汽车零部件的详细细节后，“券商一哥”中信证券拆了一台特斯拉Model 3","content":"<p><html><head></head><body>If you haven't dismantled a car, you're embarrassed to say you're a tram analyst. Sell-Side Analysts \"Volume Endless\"......</p><p>After Haitong International dismantled a BYD \"Yuan\" last month and displayed the detailed details of auto parts with an 87-page research report, CITIC Securities, the \"brother of brokers\", dismantled a Tesla Model 3 and wrote a 94-page research report.</p><p>It took two months, and the TMT and automobile team of CITIC Securities Research Department cooperated with many companies and institutions to completely dismantle the Model 3 standard range version.</p><p>CITIC Securities said:</p><p>It is hoped that through the analysis of Tesla Model 3, a benchmark model of intelligent electric, Tesla, as a global leading automobile company, will show its thinking on intelligent electrification of automobiles, in order to clarify the possible direction of follow-up industrial development and better support relevant decisions. Through disassembly, CITIC Securities conducted a detailed and in-depth analysis of Tesla's E/E architecture, three electricities, thermal management and body.</p><p>Domain controller architecture</p><p>According to CITIC Securities, the E/E architecture shifts from distributed to domain control architecture, and the decoupling of software and hardware is the key to software-defined cars. Tesla's Model 3 is the leader of domain control architecture.</p><p><b>1) Body domain: the front, left and right bodies adopt position partitions instead of functional partitions, which is intended to reduce the difficulty of wiring, and a large number of HSD are used instead of relays;</b><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bcaee1d0a80c502e4b0095b3c6d47cdb\" tg-width=\"907\" tg-height=\"329\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>The front body domain controller is located in the front cabin. Theoretically speaking, the collision probability of this position is higher, so the protective shell of aluminum alloy is adopted, while the left and right body domain controllers have a low probability of external collision because they are in the passenger cabin, and the protective shells are all made of plastic structure:<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9e2e3ec0d88244cf0ba05df76dbf12e5\" tg-width=\"706\" tg-height=\"439\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><b>2) Cockpit domain: T-BOX is integrated into the cockpit domain controller, and Intel's A3950 chip is adopted, which is closer to the game platform than the mobile phone;</b></p><p>The cockpit domain is an important part of the user experience, and Tesla's cockpit control platform is constantly evolving. Tesla Model 3 2020 disassembled by CITIC Securities this time uses the second generation cockpit domain controller (MCU2):</p><p>The MCU2 consists of two circuit boards, one is the motherboard and the other is a small wireless communication circuit board fixed to the motherboard (shown in the pink box in the picture). This communication circuit board includes LTE module, Ethernet control chip, antenna interface, etc., which is equivalent to T-box for external wireless communication in traditional automobiles. This time, it is integrated into MCU, which can save space and cost. The 2020 Model 3 we disassembled this time uses Telit's LTE module. After 2021, Tesla switched the wireless module supplier to Quectel Communications. The motherboard of MCU2 adopts double-sided PCB board, and various network-related chips are mainly laid out on the front, such as Ethernet chips of Intel and Marvell, LTE module of Telit, video serializer of TI, etc. Another important role of the front is to provide external interfaces, such as antenna interface for Bluetooth/WiFi/LTE, camera input and output interface, audio interface, USB interface, Ethernet interface, etc.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e974436a2dc5b19a849251a7c210317d\" tg-width=\"937\" tg-height=\"544\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>The back of MCU2 is even more important. Its core is an Intel Atoma 3950 chip, with a total of 4GB of Micron memory and a 64GB EMMC memory chip also provided by Micron. In addition, there are WiFi/Bluetooth modules provided by LGInnotek, etc.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6f06009817e03dc2d31a3f14a908f486\" tg-width=\"906\" tg-height=\"499\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/><b>3) Driving domain: dual FSD chips, NPU has higher cost performance than Orin in the same area, and Linux operating system is more suitable for AI large model;</b></p><p>Another important feature of Tesla is its intelligent driving, which is performed through its Autonomous Driving Domain Controller (AP). The core of this part lies in the FSD chip independently developed by Tesla, and the rest of the configuration is not essentially different from other current autonomous driving controller solutions:</p><p>In the HW3.0 version of the AP used in model3, two FSD chips are equipped, each equipped with four Samsung 2GB memory particles, and a single FSD totals 8GB. At the same time, each FSD is equipped with a piece of Toshiba's 32GB flash memory and a Spansion's 64MB NORFlash for startup. In terms of network, the AP controller contains Marvell's Ethernet switch and physical layer transceiver, in addition to TI's high-speed CAN transceiver. Positioning is also very important for autonomous driving, so it is equipped with a Ublox GPS positioning module.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9938c812944cab9e51cd6ed7319bc668\" tg-width=\"905\" tg-height=\"457\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/760b93bcd8e51158df569a11580ab6dc\" tg-width=\"756\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>To achieve autonomous driving, Tesla has proposed a complete set of vision-based solutions with FSD chips as the core:</p><p>Its peripheral sensors mainly include 12 ultrasonic sensors (Valeo), 8 cameras (3 front views on the top of the windshield, 2 front views on the shooting side of the B-pillar, 2 rear views on the front fender, 1 rear view camera at the rear of the car, and 1 DMS camera), and 1 millimeter wave radar (mainland).<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4836c623d8b2cd73bb02956dcd6b24e3\" tg-width=\"733\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Its core forward-looking trinocular camera includes the main camera in the middle and the telephoto lens and wide-angle lens on both sides, forming a collocation of different fields of view. The three cameras use the same ON Semiconductor image sensor. The millimeter wave radar is placed near the vehicle logo at the front of the vehicle, and includes a circuit board and an antenna board. The millimeter wave radar uses a Freescale control chip and a TI regulated power management chip.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5b9d7b28727b0711f5b6eabbf28ff96d\" tg-width=\"749\" tg-height=\"429\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/><b>4) Electronic control domain: Model3 was the first to use 48 SiC MOSFETs instead of 84 IGBTs, and the size and power consumption were greatly reduced;</b></p><p>According to CITIC Securities, Model3 is the first pure electric vehicle with all-SiC power module motor controller, pioneering the application of SiC:</p><p>The SiC model used in Model 3 is ST GK026 of STMicroelectronics. At the same power class, this SiC module uses laser welding to connect SiC MOSFET, input busbar and output three-phase copper. The package size is also significantly smaller than that of silicon module, and the switching loss is reduced by 75%. Using SiC module instead of IGBT module, the system efficiency can be increased by about 5%, and the number and total area of chips are also reduced. If you still use IGBTs from Model X, you need 54-60 IGBTs.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c8cf1eba6f099b4490b34c7dfcaee3c0\" tg-width=\"927\" tg-height=\"383\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>5) Power domain: BMS manages a total of 2976 21700 batteries, and powerful software capabilities achieve the consistency of charge and discharge of each battery.</p><p>As an electric vehicle, the management of electric energy and battery is very important, and it is responsible for managing the battery pack.<b>BMS</b>Is a difficult product:</p><p>The main control board is responsible for managing all BMS-related chips, and a total of 7 groups of external interfaces are set up, including the control signals of the charging controller (CP) and the energy conversion system (PCS), as well as the signals to the sampling board (BMB), and special current and voltage acquisition signals. The circuit board includes high-voltage isolated power supply, sampling circuit and other circuit modules. In terms of components, there are Freescale and TI microcontrollers, as well as op amp, reference voltage source, isolator, data sampling chip, etc.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b587536f0b9997eb043397e683a0abb4\" tg-width=\"908\" tg-height=\"484\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Under the control of BMS, the BMB circuit board specifically monitors the battery pack. For Tesla model3:</p><p>There are four battery packs in total, each of which is equipped with a BMB circuit board, and the circuit layout of the four circuit boards is different, and can be easily distinguished from each other by using the numbers on the circuit boards, and are daisy-chained together in order, and the daisy-chained P5 and P6 interfaces of the main control board are led out at the No. 1 board and the No. 4 board.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/95ea719844ddd6929d8848c4bbdd2142\" tg-width=\"907\" tg-height=\"348\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Wiring harness and connectors</p><p>1) Wiring harness: CITIC Securities estimates that the bicycle value of wiring harness is about 2,000 yuan, and high-voltage wiring harness is the main increase of new energy vehicles. In order to be lightweight, Model 3 began to replace copper with aluminum, and low-voltage data lines will be reduced under the process of domain control;<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7dbee6fccc6188cc23be8a636c09e9d1\" tg-width=\"913\" tg-height=\"354\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b02522a025888fa0b55934800991bc33\" tg-width=\"755\" tg-height=\"538\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Connectors: Electrification brings incremental high-voltage connectors, and intelligence brings demand for high-speed connectors. TE (Tyco) is the core supplier of Model 3, and domestic manufacturers are expected to make breakthroughs.</p><p>On the connector of the power battery and the electric drive high voltage wiring harness,<b>Model3</b>Adopting is<b>TE</b>of<b>HC Stak 25:</b></p><p>Its structure and function are similar to HC Stak 35, the difference lies in the size of the size. As can be seen, HC Stak 25 is smaller than HC Stak 35, so the terminals at the socket end of HC Stak 25 are composed of 20 DEFCON terminals (HC Stak 35 is 35 pieces), and different models share the same connector terminals. Connector terminals can quickly complete the assembly of different models through the change of number stacking, which reflects the cost control advantage brought by modular production of connectors.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/27ce3149504873c7d267762efc6fba53\" tg-width=\"775\" tg-height=\"301\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Batteries: Tesla Leads Generational Technology, 4680 and CTC Are Follow-Up Ways</p><p>1) The core concept of battery design lies in improving the specific energy: from small module to large module to moduleless CTC, the cell size is from 1865 to 2170 to 4680. The core trend is to reduce the number of non-energy structural parts in the battery pack, reduce the cost, reduce the weight and improve the cruising range.</p><p>According to CITIC Securities, the Model3 battery pack adopts four large modules. Compared with the battery packs of iD.4 X and BMW iX3 in the same period, it adopts large module technology, which has higher integration and cleaner internal layout. The battery pack technology is still in a leading position.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b23dabb7e95eaba19611c9fbd3810f29\" tg-width=\"771\" tg-height=\"216\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) The value and changes of 4680 battery: 4680 realizes the impossible triangle of \"high energy density, high rate and low cost\" through the combination of full tab, high nickel and high silicon, dry electrode and CTC. With the increase of the number of batteries in the module and the increase of the demand for fast charging, the requirements for cooling, thermal conduction and flame retardancy of the battery pack are increased, the number of cooling pipes in the battery pack is increased, the length of cold pipes is decreased, and potting and fireproof foam are increased to ensure the thermal stability of the battery pack.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/df353f7deb14b1e3481ccc22db2f2a7a\" tg-width=\"783\" tg-height=\"378\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>Three electricity and thermal management: The integration of three electricity has been continuously improved, and thermal management has taken the lead in realizing the global connection.</p><p>1) Three-in-one improves the integration degree, and the dual motors realize complementary advantages: the drive motor, motor controller and gearbox on Model 3/Y are integrated into one, and the integration degree is improved compared with Model S/X. At the same time, the \"small three electricity\" and the battery pack are integrated, and the structure is compact and the cost is lower; The single-motor version evolves from induction motor to permanent magnet motor, and the dual-motor version evolves to the front induction motor and the rear permanent magnet motor arrangement. The two motors have complementary advantages in high-speed and low-speed regions.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/fb1406d1dc031a4d940e03c4f6f676f2\" tg-width=\"631\" tg-height=\"356\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Thermal management is opened up in the whole area, which greatly improves the energy utilization efficiency: in thermal management, through the application of four-way valves and eight-way valves, the independent loops of each part are upgraded to the thermal management of the whole vehicle, which is opened to the air conditioner, battery system and power system, and the heat source of the whole vehicle is integrated to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system. Tesla's three-electricity and thermal management system remains a leader in high integration, and its demonstration role will lead the industry to catch up with upgrading and secondary innovation.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b079e0e13760c45d4172f14f7baa31dd\" tg-width=\"813\" tg-height=\"333\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>Automobile body: lightweight demand, aluminum body integrated die-casting has become a trend, consumption upgrading canopy glass and intelligent car lights have become a trend</p><p>1) Body: Lightweight to meet the requirements of energy saving and improving endurance, replacing steel with aluminum is the best choice, and die-casting of the rear body is carried out from Model Y;<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/824c486f4801101f96cc3ed4c8a775ca\" tg-width=\"801\" tg-height=\"308\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Car lights: The exterior decoration of Model 3 has both a sense of science and technology and aesthetics, and the car lights use matrix LED light sources;</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2b296677f6ceb659eef22a35c43daf3a\" tg-width=\"799\" tg-height=\"277\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>3) Automotive glass: Model 3 canopy leads the industry trend, and the penetration rate is expected to continue to increase;</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a9e952c54e259cb11d491a29a696a968\" tg-width=\"813\" tg-height=\"320\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>4) Chassis: The adoption of wire-controlled chassis is the only way for high-level autonomous driving.</p><p>According to CITIC Securities,<b>Model 3</b>The chassis is gradually wired:</p><p>After disassembling the chassis structure of Model 3, we can see that: in terms of suspension, all Tesla models adopt the configuration of front-wheel double-wishbone independent suspension and rear-wheel multi-link independent suspension, without air suspension; In terms of braking system, Tesla cars use the most cutting-edge technology, namely the line-controlled drive system Ibooster; In terms of steering system, the Model 3 still uses the traditional electric power steering. Wire-controlled chassis is the best way to achieve autonomous driving<b>SAEL3</b>The \"execution\" cornerstone of. Autonomous driving system is divided into four parts: perception, decision-making, control and execution, among which the chassis system belongs to the \"execution\" mechanism in autonomous driving, and is the core functional module to realize autonomous driving finally. The realization of L3 and higher level autonomous driving above L3 is inseparable from the rapid response and precise execution of the chassis actuator, so as to achieve a high degree of synergy with the perception, decision-making and control of the upper layer. The upgrade of the chassis system also means the upgrade of functional modules such as the drive system, brake system and steering system. Therefore, as the cornerstone of higher-level autonomous driving, wire-controlled chassis is the concrete starting point for the development of autonomous driving.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a28e1239e7886002c8d3f9a3f999c049\" tg-width=\"799\" tg-height=\"304\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></body></html></p>","source":"highlight_wallstreetcn","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Too curly! Broker No. 1 dismantled Tesla and wrote a 94-page report</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nToo curly! Broker No. 1 dismantled Tesla and wrote a 94-page report\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">华尔街见闻</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2022-07-18 10:33</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body>If you haven't dismantled a car, you're embarrassed to say you're a tram analyst. Sell-Side Analysts \"Volume Endless\"......</p><p>After Haitong International dismantled a BYD \"Yuan\" last month and displayed the detailed details of auto parts with an 87-page research report, CITIC Securities, the \"brother of brokers\", dismantled a Tesla Model 3 and wrote a 94-page research report.</p><p>It took two months, and the TMT and automobile team of CITIC Securities Research Department cooperated with many companies and institutions to completely dismantle the Model 3 standard range version.</p><p>CITIC Securities said:</p><p>It is hoped that through the analysis of Tesla Model 3, a benchmark model of intelligent electric, Tesla, as a global leading automobile company, will show its thinking on intelligent electrification of automobiles, in order to clarify the possible direction of follow-up industrial development and better support relevant decisions. Through disassembly, CITIC Securities conducted a detailed and in-depth analysis of Tesla's E/E architecture, three electricities, thermal management and body.</p><p>Domain controller architecture</p><p>According to CITIC Securities, the E/E architecture shifts from distributed to domain control architecture, and the decoupling of software and hardware is the key to software-defined cars. Tesla's Model 3 is the leader of domain control architecture.</p><p><b>1) Body domain: the front, left and right bodies adopt position partitions instead of functional partitions, which is intended to reduce the difficulty of wiring, and a large number of HSD are used instead of relays;</b><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bcaee1d0a80c502e4b0095b3c6d47cdb\" tg-width=\"907\" tg-height=\"329\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>The front body domain controller is located in the front cabin. Theoretically speaking, the collision probability of this position is higher, so the protective shell of aluminum alloy is adopted, while the left and right body domain controllers have a low probability of external collision because they are in the passenger cabin, and the protective shells are all made of plastic structure:<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9e2e3ec0d88244cf0ba05df76dbf12e5\" tg-width=\"706\" tg-height=\"439\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><b>2) Cockpit domain: T-BOX is integrated into the cockpit domain controller, and Intel's A3950 chip is adopted, which is closer to the game platform than the mobile phone;</b></p><p>The cockpit domain is an important part of the user experience, and Tesla's cockpit control platform is constantly evolving. Tesla Model 3 2020 disassembled by CITIC Securities this time uses the second generation cockpit domain controller (MCU2):</p><p>The MCU2 consists of two circuit boards, one is the motherboard and the other is a small wireless communication circuit board fixed to the motherboard (shown in the pink box in the picture). This communication circuit board includes LTE module, Ethernet control chip, antenna interface, etc., which is equivalent to T-box for external wireless communication in traditional automobiles. This time, it is integrated into MCU, which can save space and cost. The 2020 Model 3 we disassembled this time uses Telit's LTE module. After 2021, Tesla switched the wireless module supplier to Quectel Communications. The motherboard of MCU2 adopts double-sided PCB board, and various network-related chips are mainly laid out on the front, such as Ethernet chips of Intel and Marvell, LTE module of Telit, video serializer of TI, etc. Another important role of the front is to provide external interfaces, such as antenna interface for Bluetooth/WiFi/LTE, camera input and output interface, audio interface, USB interface, Ethernet interface, etc.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e974436a2dc5b19a849251a7c210317d\" tg-width=\"937\" tg-height=\"544\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>The back of MCU2 is even more important. Its core is an Intel Atoma 3950 chip, with a total of 4GB of Micron memory and a 64GB EMMC memory chip also provided by Micron. In addition, there are WiFi/Bluetooth modules provided by LGInnotek, etc.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6f06009817e03dc2d31a3f14a908f486\" tg-width=\"906\" tg-height=\"499\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/><b>3) Driving domain: dual FSD chips, NPU has higher cost performance than Orin in the same area, and Linux operating system is more suitable for AI large model;</b></p><p>Another important feature of Tesla is its intelligent driving, which is performed through its Autonomous Driving Domain Controller (AP). The core of this part lies in the FSD chip independently developed by Tesla, and the rest of the configuration is not essentially different from other current autonomous driving controller solutions:</p><p>In the HW3.0 version of the AP used in model3, two FSD chips are equipped, each equipped with four Samsung 2GB memory particles, and a single FSD totals 8GB. At the same time, each FSD is equipped with a piece of Toshiba's 32GB flash memory and a Spansion's 64MB NORFlash for startup. In terms of network, the AP controller contains Marvell's Ethernet switch and physical layer transceiver, in addition to TI's high-speed CAN transceiver. Positioning is also very important for autonomous driving, so it is equipped with a Ublox GPS positioning module.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9938c812944cab9e51cd6ed7319bc668\" tg-width=\"905\" tg-height=\"457\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/760b93bcd8e51158df569a11580ab6dc\" tg-width=\"756\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>To achieve autonomous driving, Tesla has proposed a complete set of vision-based solutions with FSD chips as the core:</p><p>Its peripheral sensors mainly include 12 ultrasonic sensors (Valeo), 8 cameras (3 front views on the top of the windshield, 2 front views on the shooting side of the B-pillar, 2 rear views on the front fender, 1 rear view camera at the rear of the car, and 1 DMS camera), and 1 millimeter wave radar (mainland).<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4836c623d8b2cd73bb02956dcd6b24e3\" tg-width=\"733\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Its core forward-looking trinocular camera includes the main camera in the middle and the telephoto lens and wide-angle lens on both sides, forming a collocation of different fields of view. The three cameras use the same ON Semiconductor image sensor. The millimeter wave radar is placed near the vehicle logo at the front of the vehicle, and includes a circuit board and an antenna board. The millimeter wave radar uses a Freescale control chip and a TI regulated power management chip.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5b9d7b28727b0711f5b6eabbf28ff96d\" tg-width=\"749\" tg-height=\"429\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/><b>4) Electronic control domain: Model3 was the first to use 48 SiC MOSFETs instead of 84 IGBTs, and the size and power consumption were greatly reduced;</b></p><p>According to CITIC Securities, Model3 is the first pure electric vehicle with all-SiC power module motor controller, pioneering the application of SiC:</p><p>The SiC model used in Model 3 is ST GK026 of STMicroelectronics. At the same power class, this SiC module uses laser welding to connect SiC MOSFET, input busbar and output three-phase copper. The package size is also significantly smaller than that of silicon module, and the switching loss is reduced by 75%. Using SiC module instead of IGBT module, the system efficiency can be increased by about 5%, and the number and total area of chips are also reduced. If you still use IGBTs from Model X, you need 54-60 IGBTs.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c8cf1eba6f099b4490b34c7dfcaee3c0\" tg-width=\"927\" tg-height=\"383\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>5) Power domain: BMS manages a total of 2976 21700 batteries, and powerful software capabilities achieve the consistency of charge and discharge of each battery.</p><p>As an electric vehicle, the management of electric energy and battery is very important, and it is responsible for managing the battery pack.<b>BMS</b>Is a difficult product:</p><p>The main control board is responsible for managing all BMS-related chips, and a total of 7 groups of external interfaces are set up, including the control signals of the charging controller (CP) and the energy conversion system (PCS), as well as the signals to the sampling board (BMB), and special current and voltage acquisition signals. The circuit board includes high-voltage isolated power supply, sampling circuit and other circuit modules. In terms of components, there are Freescale and TI microcontrollers, as well as op amp, reference voltage source, isolator, data sampling chip, etc.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b587536f0b9997eb043397e683a0abb4\" tg-width=\"908\" tg-height=\"484\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Under the control of BMS, the BMB circuit board specifically monitors the battery pack. For Tesla model3:</p><p>There are four battery packs in total, each of which is equipped with a BMB circuit board, and the circuit layout of the four circuit boards is different, and can be easily distinguished from each other by using the numbers on the circuit boards, and are daisy-chained together in order, and the daisy-chained P5 and P6 interfaces of the main control board are led out at the No. 1 board and the No. 4 board.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/95ea719844ddd6929d8848c4bbdd2142\" tg-width=\"907\" tg-height=\"348\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Wiring harness and connectors</p><p>1) Wiring harness: CITIC Securities estimates that the bicycle value of wiring harness is about 2,000 yuan, and high-voltage wiring harness is the main increase of new energy vehicles. In order to be lightweight, Model 3 began to replace copper with aluminum, and low-voltage data lines will be reduced under the process of domain control;<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7dbee6fccc6188cc23be8a636c09e9d1\" tg-width=\"913\" tg-height=\"354\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b02522a025888fa0b55934800991bc33\" tg-width=\"755\" tg-height=\"538\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Connectors: Electrification brings incremental high-voltage connectors, and intelligence brings demand for high-speed connectors. TE (Tyco) is the core supplier of Model 3, and domestic manufacturers are expected to make breakthroughs.</p><p>On the connector of the power battery and the electric drive high voltage wiring harness,<b>Model3</b>Adopting is<b>TE</b>of<b>HC Stak 25:</b></p><p>Its structure and function are similar to HC Stak 35, the difference lies in the size of the size. As can be seen, HC Stak 25 is smaller than HC Stak 35, so the terminals at the socket end of HC Stak 25 are composed of 20 DEFCON terminals (HC Stak 35 is 35 pieces), and different models share the same connector terminals. Connector terminals can quickly complete the assembly of different models through the change of number stacking, which reflects the cost control advantage brought by modular production of connectors.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/27ce3149504873c7d267762efc6fba53\" tg-width=\"775\" tg-height=\"301\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Batteries: Tesla Leads Generational Technology, 4680 and CTC Are Follow-Up Ways</p><p>1) The core concept of battery design lies in improving the specific energy: from small module to large module to moduleless CTC, the cell size is from 1865 to 2170 to 4680. The core trend is to reduce the number of non-energy structural parts in the battery pack, reduce the cost, reduce the weight and improve the cruising range.</p><p>According to CITIC Securities, the Model3 battery pack adopts four large modules. Compared with the battery packs of iD.4 X and BMW iX3 in the same period, it adopts large module technology, which has higher integration and cleaner internal layout. The battery pack technology is still in a leading position.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b23dabb7e95eaba19611c9fbd3810f29\" tg-width=\"771\" tg-height=\"216\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) The value and changes of 4680 battery: 4680 realizes the impossible triangle of \"high energy density, high rate and low cost\" through the combination of full tab, high nickel and high silicon, dry electrode and CTC. With the increase of the number of batteries in the module and the increase of the demand for fast charging, the requirements for cooling, thermal conduction and flame retardancy of the battery pack are increased, the number of cooling pipes in the battery pack is increased, the length of cold pipes is decreased, and potting and fireproof foam are increased to ensure the thermal stability of the battery pack.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/df353f7deb14b1e3481ccc22db2f2a7a\" tg-width=\"783\" tg-height=\"378\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>Three electricity and thermal management: The integration of three electricity has been continuously improved, and thermal management has taken the lead in realizing the global connection.</p><p>1) Three-in-one improves the integration degree, and the dual motors realize complementary advantages: the drive motor, motor controller and gearbox on Model 3/Y are integrated into one, and the integration degree is improved compared with Model S/X. At the same time, the \"small three electricity\" and the battery pack are integrated, and the structure is compact and the cost is lower; The single-motor version evolves from induction motor to permanent magnet motor, and the dual-motor version evolves to the front induction motor and the rear permanent magnet motor arrangement. The two motors have complementary advantages in high-speed and low-speed regions.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/fb1406d1dc031a4d940e03c4f6f676f2\" tg-width=\"631\" tg-height=\"356\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Thermal management is opened up in the whole area, which greatly improves the energy utilization efficiency: in thermal management, through the application of four-way valves and eight-way valves, the independent loops of each part are upgraded to the thermal management of the whole vehicle, which is opened to the air conditioner, battery system and power system, and the heat source of the whole vehicle is integrated to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system. Tesla's three-electricity and thermal management system remains a leader in high integration, and its demonstration role will lead the industry to catch up with upgrading and secondary innovation.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b079e0e13760c45d4172f14f7baa31dd\" tg-width=\"813\" tg-height=\"333\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>Automobile body: lightweight demand, aluminum body integrated die-casting has become a trend, consumption upgrading canopy glass and intelligent car lights have become a trend</p><p>1) Body: Lightweight to meet the requirements of energy saving and improving endurance, replacing steel with aluminum is the best choice, and die-casting of the rear body is carried out from Model Y;<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/824c486f4801101f96cc3ed4c8a775ca\" tg-width=\"801\" tg-height=\"308\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Car lights: The exterior decoration of Model 3 has both a sense of science and technology and aesthetics, and the car lights use matrix LED light sources;</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2b296677f6ceb659eef22a35c43daf3a\" tg-width=\"799\" tg-height=\"277\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>3) Automotive glass: Model 3 canopy leads the industry trend, and the penetration rate is expected to continue to increase;</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a9e952c54e259cb11d491a29a696a968\" tg-width=\"813\" tg-height=\"320\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>4) Chassis: The adoption of wire-controlled chassis is the only way for high-level autonomous driving.</p><p>According to CITIC Securities,<b>Model 3</b>The chassis is gradually wired:</p><p>After disassembling the chassis structure of Model 3, we can see that: in terms of suspension, all Tesla models adopt the configuration of front-wheel double-wishbone independent suspension and rear-wheel multi-link independent suspension, without air suspension; In terms of braking system, Tesla cars use the most cutting-edge technology, namely the line-controlled drive system Ibooster; In terms of steering system, the Model 3 still uses the traditional electric power steering. Wire-controlled chassis is the best way to achieve autonomous driving<b>SAEL3</b>The \"execution\" cornerstone of. Autonomous driving system is divided into four parts: perception, decision-making, control and execution, among which the chassis system belongs to the \"execution\" mechanism in autonomous driving, and is the core functional module to realize autonomous driving finally. The realization of L3 and higher level autonomous driving above L3 is inseparable from the rapid response and precise execution of the chassis actuator, so as to achieve a high degree of synergy with the perception, decision-making and control of the upper layer. The upgrade of the chassis system also means the upgrade of functional modules such as the drive system, brake system and steering system. Therefore, as the cornerstone of higher-level autonomous driving, wire-controlled chassis is the concrete starting point for the development of autonomous driving.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a28e1239e7886002c8d3f9a3f999c049\" tg-width=\"799\" tg-height=\"304\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></body></html></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3665028\">华尔街见闻</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bcaee1d0a80c502e4b0095b3c6d47cdb","relate_stocks":{"TSLA":"特斯拉"},"source_url":"https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3665028","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/cc96873d3d23ee6ac10685520df9c100","article_id":"1148974307","content_text":"没拆过车，都不好意思说自己是电车分析师。卖方分析师“卷无止尽”......继上个月海通国际拆了一台比亚迪“元”，用87页研报展示汽车零部件的详细细节后，“券商一哥”中信证券拆了一台特斯拉Model 3，并写了一份94页的研报。耗时两个月，中信证券研究部TMT和汽车团队协同多家公司和机构对Model3标准续航版进行了完整的拆解。中信证券称：希望通过对特斯拉Model3这一智能电动的标杆车型的分析，展现特斯拉作为一家全球头部汽车企业对汽车智能电动化的思考，以期厘清后续产业发展的可能方向，更好地支持相关决策。通过拆解，中信证券对特斯拉的E/E架构、三电、热管理、车身等进行了详细深入地分析。域控制器架构据中信证券，E/E架构由分布式转向域控制结构，软硬件实现解耦，是软件定义汽车的关键，特斯拉的Model3是域控架构的引领者。1）车身域：前左右三个车身采用位置分区而非功能分区，意在降低布线难度，大量采用HSD替代继电器；前车身域控制器的位置在前舱，这个位置理论上来说遇到的碰撞概率要更高，因此采用铝合金的保护外壳，而左右车身域控制器由于在乘用舱内，遇到外界碰撞的概率较低，保护外壳均采用塑料结构：2）座舱域：将T-BOX集成到座舱域控制器，同时采用了Intel的A3950芯片，思路更接近游戏平台而非手机；座舱域是用户体验的重要组成部分，特斯拉的座舱控制平台也在不断进化中。中信证券本次拆解的特斯拉model3 2020款采用的是第二代座舱域控制器（MCU2）：MCU2由两块电路板构成，一块是主板，另一块是固定在主板上的一块小型无线通信电路板（图中粉色框所示）。这一块通信电路板包含了LTE模组、以太网控制芯片、天线接口等，相当于传统汽车中用于对外无线通信的T-box，此次将其集成在MCU中，能够节约空间和成本。我们本次拆解的2020款model3采用了Telit的LTE模组，在2021款以后特斯拉将无线模组供应商切换成移远通信。MCU2的主板采用了双面PCB板，正面主要布局各种网络相关芯片，例如Intel和Marvell的以太网芯片，Telit的LTE模组，TI的视频串行器等。正面的另一个重要作用是提供对外接口，如蓝牙/WiFi/LTE的天线接口、摄像头输入输出接口、音频接口、USB接口、以太网接口等。而MCU2的背面更为重要，其核心是一颗IntelAtomA3950芯片，搭配总计4GB的Micron内存和同样是Micron提供的64GBeMMC存储芯片。此外还有LGInnotek提供的WiFi/蓝牙模块等。3）驾驶域：双FSD芯片，NPU在同等面积下相比Orin有更高的性价比，采用Linux操作系统更适配AI大模型；特斯拉的另一个重要特色就是其智能驾驶，这部分功能是通过其自动驾驶域控制器（AP）来执行的。本部分的核心在于特斯拉自主开发的FSD芯片，其余配置则与当前其他自动驾驶控制器方案没有本质区别：在model3所用的HW3.0版本的AP中，配备两颗FSD芯片，每颗配置4个三星2GB内存颗粒，单FSD总计8GB，同时每颗FSD配备一片东芝的32GB闪存以及一颗Spansion的64MBNORflash用于启动。网络方面，AP控制器内部包含Marvell的以太网交换机和物理层收发器，此外还有TI的高速CAN收发器。对于自动驾驶来说，定位也十分重要，因此配备了一个Ublox的GPS定位模块。为了实现自动驾驶，特斯拉提出了一整套以视觉为基础，以FSD芯片为核心的解决方案：其外围传感器主要包含12个超声传感器（Valeo）、8个摄像头（风挡玻璃顶3个前视，B柱2个拍摄侧前方，前翼子板2个后视，车尾1个后视摄像头，以及1个DMS摄像头）、1个毫米波雷达（大陆）。其最核心的前视三目摄像头包含中间的主摄像头以及两侧的长焦镜头和广角镜头，形成不同视野范围的搭配，三个摄像头用的是相同的安森美图像传感器。毫米波雷达放置于车头处车标附近，包含一块电路板和一块天线板。该毫米波雷达内部采用的是一颗Freescale控制芯片以及一颗TI的稳压电源管理芯片。4）电控域：Model3首创采用48颗SiC MOSFET替代了84颗IGBT，体积、功耗大幅减小；据中信证券，Model3为第一款采用全SiC功率模块电机控制器的纯电动汽车，开创SiC应用的先河：Model3所用的SiC型号为意法半导体的ST GK026。在相同功率等级下，这款SiC模块采用激光焊接将SiC MOSFET、输入母排和输出三相铜进行连接，封装尺寸也明显小于硅模块，并且开关损耗降低75%。采用SiC模块替代IGBT模块，其系统效率可以提高5%左右，芯片数量及总面积也均有所减少。如果仍采用Model X的IGBT，则需要54-60颗IGBT。5）动力域：BMS共管理2976节21700电池，强大的软件能力实现每节电池充放电的一致性。Model3作为电动车，电能和电池的管理十分重要，而负责管理电池组的BMS是一个高难度产品:主控板负责管理所有BMS相关芯片，共设置7组对外接口，包含了对充电控制器（CP）、能量转换系统（PCS）的控制信号，以及到采样板（BMB）的信号，另外还包含专门的电流电压采集信号。电路板上包含高压隔离电源、采样电路等电路模块。元器件方面，有Freescale和TI的单片机，以及运放、参考电压源、隔离器、数据采样芯片等。在BMS的控制下，具体对电池组进行监测的是BMB电路板，对于特斯拉model3而言:共有4个电池组，每一组配备一个BMB电路板，并且4个电路板的电路布局各不相同，彼此之间可以很容易地利用电路板上的编号进行区别，并且按照顺序用菊花链连接在一起，在1号板和4号板引出菊花链连接到主控板的P5和P6接口。线束和连接器1）线束：中信证券测算线束单车价值量约2000元，高压线束是新能源汽车的主要增量，Model3为了轻量化开始用铝替代铜，低压数据线在域控化进程下将有所减少；2）连接器：电动化带来高压连接器增量，智能化带来高速连接器需求，TE（泰科）是Model3的核心供应商，国产厂商有望取得突破。在动力电池—电驱高压线束的连接器上，Model3采用的是TE的HC Stak 25：其结构和功能与HC Stak 35类似，不同点在于尺寸的大小，可以看到，HC Stak 25比HC Stak 35更小，因此HC Stak 25插座端的端子是20片DEFCON端子组成（HC Stak 35为35片），不同的型号共用相同的连接器端子。连接器端子通过数量堆叠的变化能够快速完成不同型号的组装，这体现了连接器模块化生产带来的成本管控优势。电池：特斯拉代际技术领先，4680和CTC是后续发展方向1）电池设计核心理念在于提升比能量：由小模组到大模组再到无模组CTC，电芯尺寸由1865到2170再到4680，核心趋势都是减少电池包中非能量的结构件数量，降低成本减少重量，提升续航里程。据中信证券，Model3电池包采用4块大模组，与同期的iD.4 X，宝马iX3的电池包相比，采用大模组技术，集成度更高，内部布局更为整洁，电池包技术目前仍处于领先地位。2）4680电池的价值及变化：4680通过全极耳、高镍高硅、干电极、CTC的组合，实现了“能量密度高、倍率高、成本低”的不可能三角。随着模组内电池数量增加、快充需求提升，对于电池包的冷却、导热阻燃要求提升，电池包内冷却管数量增加、冷管长度减少，增加灌封、防火泡棉，保障电池包热稳定性。三电与热管理：三电集成度不断提高，热管理率先实现全域打通。1）三合一提升集成度，双电机实现优势互补：Model 3/Y上驱动电机、电机控制器、变速箱三者合一，集成度相比Model S/X提高，同时“小三电”和电池包集成，结构紧凑成本更低；单电机版本由感应电机向永磁电机演变，双电机版本向前感应电机后永磁电机布置演进，两种电机在高速低速区优势互补。2）热管理全域打通，大大提升能量利用效率：热管理上，通过四通阀、八通阀的应用，由各部分独立的回路，向空调、电池系统、动力系统打通的整车热管理升级，整车热源集成，提升系统的能量利用效率。特斯拉的三电与热管理系统在高集成度方面保持领先，其示范作用将引领行业追赶升级与二次创新。汽车车身：轻量化需求铝车身一体压铸成趋势，消费升级天幕玻璃、智能车灯变潮流1）车身：轻量化以满足节能及提高续航要求，以铝代钢是最佳选择，并从Model Y开始进行后车身的一体压铸；2）车灯：Model3外饰搭配兼具科技感和美感，车灯选用矩阵式LED灯源；3）汽车玻璃：Model3天幕引领行业趋势，渗透率有望不断提升；4）底盘：采用线控底盘，是高级别自动驾驶必由之路。据中信证券，Model 3底盘逐步实现线控化：经过对Model 3底盘结构的拆解，我们看到：悬架方面，特斯拉全车型均采用前轮双叉臂式独立悬架搭配后轮多连杆式独立悬架的配置，未配置空气悬架；制动系统方面，特斯拉车系使用最前沿技术，即线控制动系统Ibooster；转向系统方面，Model3仍沿用传统的电动助力转向。线控底盘是实现自动驾驶SAEL3的“执行”基石。自动驾驶系统共分为感知、决策、控制和执行四个部分，其中底盘系统属于自动驾驶中的“执行”机构，是最终实现自动驾驶的核心功能模块。L3及L3以上更高级别自动驾驶的实现离不开底盘执行机构的快速响应和精确执行，以达到和上层的感知、决策和控制的高度协同。而底盘系统的升级也意味着其中驱动系统、制动系统和转向系统等功能模块的升级。所以，线控底盘作为更高级别自动驾驶的执行基石，是发展自动驾驶的具体抓手。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"TSLA":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3654,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"defaultTab":"followers","isTTM":true}