量化緊縮放緩!用期權怎樣上車債券最好?

美國前財政部長勞倫斯·薩默斯週四表示,美聯儲本週決定大幅放緩縮表的步伐,其實發出了一個令人擔憂的信號,表明市場對長期聯邦債務的需求存在問題。

“這應當引起人們的警惕,視爲一個令人不安的動向,”薩默斯在電視節目中接受採訪時表示。他指出,此舉表明美聯儲決策者認爲“長期債券的市場吸收能力有限”。

美聯儲週三宣佈,他們將從4月開始把到期後不進行再投資的美國國債數量上限,從每月250億美元下調至50億美元。儘管鮑威爾表示,觸發政策制定者討論該問題的直接原因是聯邦債務上限的複雜性,但這一決定也反映出對何爲量化緊縮(QT)計劃適當節奏出現更廣泛討論。

令一些觀察人士意外的是,鮑威爾並未暗示在國會解決債務上限問題後(預計將在今年晚些時候),會重新加快量化緊縮步伐。

目前擔任哈佛大學教授的薩默斯表示,量化緊縮的放緩甚至發生在長期國債收益率下降之後。基準10年期國債收益率目前約爲4.23%,較1月中旬的4.81%明顯回落。

由於美聯儲購買國債時會創造銀行準備金(這些準備金需按隔夜利率支付利息),放緩QT還產生了縮短美國公共部門債務整體期限的效果。薩默斯表示,“我們發現,爲了舉債,有必要縮短政府債務的期限結構。”

他指出,美聯儲可能擔心出現類似於2022年9月英國發生的情況,當時英國前首相特拉斯的政府因無資金支持的減稅計劃而引發危機。英國央行不得不介入債券市場以避免崩潰。

“這是美聯儲爲遏制可能出現的'特拉斯式風險'——即英國發生的那種意外事件所採取的政策,”薩默斯表示,“這也反映出我們所聽到的幾乎所有財政政策動向都在惡化,而非出現改善。”

對角價差是什麼?

對角價差(diagonal spread) 是指使用不同行權價和不同到期日的期權來建立的價差。一般價差中多頭腿的存續期要比空頭腿更長。對角價差包括對角牛市價差與對角熊市價差。

對角牛市價差(diagonal bull spread) 同牛市認購價差策略基本相似,只不過再次進行了升級及改善,區別在於對角價差的兩個期權到期日不同,交易者買的是1手較長期的行權價較低的看漲期權,賣出的是1手較短期的行權價較高的看漲期權,買入和賣出的看漲期權的數量仍然相同。

TLT對角價差案例

假設投資者在未來一年內都看好TLT,可以直接買入行權價92,到期日爲2026年1月16日的看漲期權。這個期權即成爲我們的多頭腿,以最新成交價計算需要花費520美元。

多頭腿建立後,我們可以按照比多頭腿短的週期來建立空頭腿,這裏可以選擇以每週爲單位建立。選擇賣出行權價93美元,到期日爲3月28日的看漲期權,獲得權利金13美元。

在這裏如果賣出的看漲期權沒有被行權,那麼會產生13美元的利潤,相對於多頭側520美元的花費,約爲2.5%。但空頭腿可以每週執行一次,在多頭腿剩餘日期301天的情況下,投資者可以賣出很多次看漲期權,如果些賣出的看漲期權能夠成功獲得權利金,將大幅度降低買入看漲期權本身的花費,甚至免費獲得看漲期權。

對角價差相較於單獨買看漲來說,獲得了額外的一筆權利金收入,使得策略整體的權利金淨支出減少,策略的盈虧平衡點也因此左移降低,勝率也相應提高了。另外對角價差的賣出點位可以由投資者自己控制,所以可以在不同的週期選擇不同做空力度,方便投資者控制風險。對角價差本質是一個低成本的買入看漲期權策略,值得投資者研究。

Disclaimer: Investing carries risk. This is not financial advice. The above content should not be regarded as an offer, recommendation, or solicitation on acquiring or disposing of any financial products, any associated discussions, comments, or posts by author or other users should not be considered as such either. It is solely for general information purpose only, which does not consider your own investment objectives, financial situations or needs. TTM assumes no responsibility or warranty for the accuracy and completeness of the information, investors should do their own research and may seek professional advice before investing.

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  • Cadi Poon
    ·03-21
    由於美聯儲購買國債時會創造銀行準備金(這些準備金需按隔夜利率支付利息),放緩QT還產生了縮短美國公共部門債務整體期限的效果。薩默斯表示,“我們發現,爲了舉債,有必要縮短政府債務的期限結構。”

    他指出,美聯儲可能擔心出現類似於2022年9月英國發生的情況,當時英國前首相特拉斯的政府因無資金支持的減稅計劃而引發危機。英國央行不得不介入債券市場以避免崩潰。

    “這是美聯儲爲遏制可能出現的'特拉斯式風險'——即英國發生的那種意外事件所採取的政策,”薩默斯表示,“這也反映出我們所聽到的幾乎所有財政政策動向都在惡化,而非出現改善。”

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  • TimothyX
    ·03-21
    美國前財政部長勞倫斯·薩默斯週四表示,美聯儲本週決定大幅放緩縮表的步伐,其實發出了一個令人擔憂的信號,表明市場對長期聯邦債務的需求存在問題。

    “這應當引起人們的警惕,視爲一個令人不安的動向,”薩默斯在電視節目中接受採訪時表示。他指出,此舉表明美聯儲決策者認爲“長期債券的市場吸收能力有限”。

    美聯儲週三宣佈,他們將從4月開始把到期後不進行再投資的美國國債數量上限,從每月250億美元下調至50億美元。儘管鮑威爾表示,觸發政策制定者討論該問題的直接原因是聯邦債務上限的複雜性,但這一決定也反映出對何爲量化緊縮(QT)計劃適當節奏出現更廣泛討論。

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  • 在量化紧缩(QT)放缓的背景下,债券市场可能迎来利好(利率压力缓解,债券价格上涨),利用期权参与这一趋势可通过以下策略实现:


    ---


    ### **一、核心逻辑分析**
    - **QT放缓的影响**:央行减少缩表或放缓加息,长期利率上行压力减弱,债券价格(尤其是长期国债)有望反弹。
    - **期权优势**:杠杆效应、风险可控、灵活应对市场波动。


    ---


    ### **二、期权策略选择**
    #### **1. 买入看涨期权(Long Call)**
    - **适用场景**:强烈看涨债券价格,愿意支付权利金获取上涨收益。
    - **操作**:买入国债ETF(如TLT)或国债期货的看涨期权。
    - **行权价选择**:轻度价外(如当前价+3-5%),平衡成本与潜在收益。
    - **到期日**:3-6个月,留出价格反应时间。
    - **盈亏**:最大损失为权利金;收益理论上无限。


    #### **2. 牛市看涨价差(Bull Call Spread)**
    - **适用场景**:温和看涨,降低成本并限制风险。
    - **操作**:买入较低行权价(如100)的看涨期权,同时卖出较高行权价(如105)的看涨期权。
    - **收益**:收益封顶(价差-净成本),但权利金支出更低。
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  • nomadic_m
    ·03-23
    TOP
    The Fed announced on Wednesday that it would reduce the monthly cap on US Treasury bonds that mature without reinvestment from $25 billion to $5 billion starting in April. Although Fed Chairman Powell attributed the discussion to the complexity of the federal debt ceiling, the decision also reflects broader discussions on the appropriate pace of quantitative tightening (QT).
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  • nomadic_m
    ·03-23
    TOP
    The reconstruction of investment logic in the trillion-dollar track

    According to Precedence Research's forecast, the global AI healthcare market is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate of 38.2%, potentially exceeding $314 billion by 2032.

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  • icycrystal
    ·03-22
    To the surprise of some observers, Powell did not hint at a renewed pace of quantitative tightening after Congress resolves the debt ceiling issue, which is expected later this year.
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  • icycrystal
    ·03-22
    The selling point of the diagonal spread can be controlled by the investors themselves, so they can choose different short selling strengths in different cycles to facilitate investors to control risks. Diagonal spreadIt is essentially a low-cost buy-and-look option strategy, which is worth studying by investors.
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  • icycrystal
    ·03-22
    Compared with buying a rise alone, the diagonal spread obtains an additional royalty income, which reduces the overall net royalty expenditure of the strategy, shifts the break-even point of the strategy to the left, and increases the winning rate accordingly.
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  • Shyon
    ·03-21
    英国在2022年发生的债务危机给全球央行敲响了警钟。如果美联储提前采取行动避免类似情况发生,那或许能稳住市场信心。
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  • Shyon
    ·03-21
    TLT的对角价差策略值得尝试! 这种方法既能长期持有看涨头寸,又能通过短期卖出期权降低持仓成本。
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  • Shyon
    ·03-21
    相较于直接买入看涨期权,对角价差确实能降低成本,提高胜率,特别适合长期看涨但又想降低资金占用的投资者。
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  • nomadic_m
    ·03-23
    "This is the Fed's policy to mitigate the 'Truss-like' risk – the kind of unexpected event that occurred in the UK," Summers said. "It also reflects that nearly all the fiscal policy trends we're seeing are deteriorating rather than improving."
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  • nomadic_m
    ·03-23
    Summers suggested that the Fed might be concerned about a scenario similar to the UK's crisis in September 2022, when former Prime Minister Liz Truss's government sparked turmoil with its unfunded tax cut plans, prompting the Bank of England to intervene in the bond market to prevent a collapse.
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  • nomadic_m
    ·03-23
    The Fed's decision to slow QT also has the effect of shortening the overall duration of US public debt, as the central bank creates bank reserves that earn interest at overnight rates when purchasing Treasury bonds. Summers noted, "We're finding that, in order to borrow, it's necessary to shorten the duration structure of government debt."
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  • nomadic_m
    ·03-23
    Summers, currently a Harvard professor, observed that the slowdown in QT occurred despite a decline in long-term Treasury yields. The benchmark 10-year Treasury yield currently stands at around 4.23%, down from 4.81% in mid-January.
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  • nomadic_m
    ·03-23
    Summers stated that this development should put people on high alert, viewing it as an unsettling trend. He pointed out that the move reflects the Fed's belief that the market's ability to absorb long-term bonds is limited.
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  • nomadic_m
    ·03-23
    Former US Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers expressed concerns on Thursday that the Federal Reserve's decision to significantly slow down its balance sheet reduction sends a worrying signal, indicating potential issues with market demand for long-term federal debt.
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  • nomadic_m
    ·03-23
    The current capital layout presents three main lines:
    1. Infrastructure Layer: Computing Power Infrastructure (Huawei Ascend Ecosystem), Data Governance (Yidu Tech (02158))
    2. Application Layer: AI-assisted Diagnosis (Tempus AI (TEM)), Smart Health Management (Lifesense Technology (300562))
    3. Breakthrough Level: AI Pharmaceuticals (Insilico Medicine), Surgical Robots (Intuitive Surgical, Inc. (ISRG))
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  • nomadic_m
    ·03-23
    The driving force of the industry comes from three breakthroughs:
    • Technological breakthrough: The parameter scale of large models has jumped to the hundred billion level.
    • Policy breakthrough: CFDA accelerates the approval process for AI medical devices
    • Model breakthrough: AI consultation services included in the pilot scope of medical insurance
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  • nomadic_m
    ·03-23
    The AI healthcare wave resonating between China and the United States

    On the other side of the Pacific, the Chinese market is also experiencing a surge. Around the Spring Festival, medical AI concept stocks collectively exploded: $MediTrust (002044)$ saw a cumulative increase of over 20% in three days, $JD Health (06618)$ had a single-day increase close to 10%, and $Yidu Tech (02158)$ saw an increase of over 50% within the month. Industry giants are ramping up their investments—Huawei plans to release a medical-grade pathology large model on February 18, and Lepu Medical is launching an AI solution for the cardiovascular vertical.

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