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财米游言
2023-04-03
[微笑]
油价重回百元不是梦!OPEC+意外减产后,市场又爆了
财米游言
2023-03-05
👍
揭秘 | ChatGPT背后的35岁神秘教母,一手推火这个神级AI
财米游言
2022-12-07
Black story
黑石遭疯狂挤兑:又一颗金融大雷
财米游言
2022-06-22
$布油現金主連 2208(BZmain)$
Gd luck
财米游言
2022-06-10
$阿里巴巴-SW(09988)$
Gd
财米游言
2022-06-09
$FUTU 20220624 46.0 CALL$
Sss
财米游言
2022-06-07
$輕原油主連 2207(CLmain)$
US 125
财米游言
2022-06-06
$輕原油主連 2207(CLmain)$
F
财米游言
2022-06-05
$天然氣主連 2207(NGmain)$
Yg
财米游言
2022-06-02
$輕原油主連 2207(CLmain)$
F
财米游言
2022-06-01
$輕原油主連 2207(CLmain)$
F
财米游言
2022-05-31
$布油現金主連 2208(BZmain)$
Fd
财米游言
2022-05-31
$布油現金主連 2208(BZmain)$
ex
财米游言
2022-05-29
$布油現金主連 2208(BZmain)$
F
财米游言
2022-05-27
$EEME(EEME)$
Hj
财米游言
2022-05-26
$布油現金主連 2207(BZmain)$
ffff
财米游言
2022-05-24
$蘋果(AAPL)$
Gd
财米游言
2022-05-21
$輕原油主連 2207(CLmain)$
F
财米游言
2022-05-20
$布油現金主連 2207(BZmain)$
F
财米游言
2022-05-19
$輕原油主連 2207(CLmain)$
B
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","listText":"[微笑] ","text":"[微笑]","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9941410102","repostId":"2324832862","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"2324832862","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1680502206,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/2324832862?lang=&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2023-04-03 14:10","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"油价重回百元不是梦!OPEC+意外减产后,市场又爆了","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2324832862","media":"智通财经","summary":"此举重新点燃了人们对通胀和经济衰退的担忧。","content":"<html><head></head><body><p>OPEC+削减石油产量的决定令市场大吃一惊,因为该组织领导人沙特阿拉伯早些时候曾表示将按兵不动。此举重新点燃了人们对通胀和经济衰退的担忧。</p><p>美国白宫称,在目前的市场条件下,OPEC+的决定是不明智的,并补充说,美国将与生产者和消费者合作,重点关注美国的汽油价格。</p><p>市场对OPEC+减产迅速做出反应。周一布伦特原油价格一度飙升8%。美国两年期国债收益率跃升7个基点,至4.10%,而基准10年期国债收益率攀升5个基点,至3.52%。美元现货指数上涨0.2%,为连续第二天上涨,反映出市场押注美联储将进一步加息。</p><p>以下是分析人士对OPEC+减产的看法:</p><p><strong><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GS\">高盛</a></strong></p><p>Daan Struyven和Callum Bruce等高盛分析师表示:“与过去相比,OPEC+拥有非常强大的定价权。”“OPEC+意外减产符合他们先发制人的新原则,因为他们可以在不大幅损失市场份额的情况下采取行动。”</p><p>再加上俄罗斯延长减产,这家华尔街巨头将今年12月的布伦特原油预测从此前的每桶90美元上调至95美元,并将2024年12月的价格预测上调至100美元。</p><p>高盛补充称,与去年10月OPEC+减产不同,由于中国需求强劲复苏和炼油利润率坚挺,全球石油需求的势头是积极的。</p><p><strong>美国银行</strong></p><p>美国银行大宗商品和衍生品研究主管Francisco Blanch表示:“在一年的时间里,供需状况发生任何意外的100万桶/日变化,都会对油价造成每桶20至25美元的影响。”</p><p>他表示:“如果布伦特原油价格在每桶80美元以上交易,OPEC不再担心美国页岩油供应的重大反应,因此削减产量推高油价不会像五年前那样带来风险。”</p><p>他表示,尽管如此,目前尚不清楚计划中的减产有多少会落实到实际产量上,因为OPEC历史上一直未能完全实施商定的减产。美国银行维持布伦特原油在今年下半年超过每桶90美元的预测。</p><p><strong>花旗集团</strong></p><p>包括Ed Morse和Francesco Martoccia在内的花旗分析师表示:“OPEC+恢复了最近放弃的成为石油‘央行行长’的决定。”</p><p>他们表示:“考虑到极低的管理资金配置、低持仓利率和高波动性,市场可以预期价格会出现超调,就像美联储收紧政策和银行业动荡导致两周前的价格下跌幅度远远超过了应有的水平。”</p><p><strong><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/RY\">加拿大皇家银行</a></strong></p><p>据包括Helima Croft和Christopher Louney在内的加拿大皇家银行资本市场分析师称,OPEC+的意外减产可能导致实际产量减少约70万桶/天,尽管新闻报道的数字约为165万桶/天。</p><p>不过,此举可以被解读为一个信号,即沙特阿拉伯及其OPEC伙伴将寻求阻止进一步的宏观抛售。他们认为,沙特明确表达了对美联储激进行动、宏观不确定性以及市场过度看空倾向的担忧。</p><p><strong>澳新银行</strong></p><p>澳新银行高级大宗商品策略师Daniel Hynes表示,在这些措施出台后,油价在年底前达到100美元的可能性“肯定增加了”。</p><p>他表示:“和市场上的其他人一样,我对这一举动感到非常惊讶。”“这项措施确实向市场发出了一个非常强烈的信号,即他们将支持油价。”</p><p><strong>澳大利亚联邦银行</strong></p><p>澳大利亚联邦银行矿业和能源大宗商品研究主管Vivek Dhar表示,OPEC+宣布的减产将“占未来两个月全球供应量的1.1%左右,占今年下半年全球供应量的1.6%左右”。</p><p>他补充说,计划减产的8个国家确实有能力这样做。Dhar表示:“因此,每天减产超过100万桶可以成为现实。”“人们应该关注这些削减,因为它们实际上是可以实现的。”</p><p><strong>瑞典北欧斯安银行</strong></p><p>瑞典北欧斯安银行首席大宗商品分析师Bjarne Schieldrop表示:“随着美国石油产量增长放缓,市场份额被美国页岩油抢走的风险有限,因此OPEC+很容易削减产量。”“美国页岩油增长放缓的自然结果是,OPEC+的市场力量更大,油价更高。”</p><p>他表示,随着全球航空燃油需求复苏,减产将有助于推动布伦特原油更快回到每桶100美元的水平。</p><p>Schieldrop之前曾认为,OPEC仍有进一步减产的巨大空间。他表示:“即使在最近的减产之后,这一点仍然成立。其结果是,油价下行风险有限。”</p><p><strong>Vanda Insights</strong></p><p>新加坡石油咨询公司Vanda Insights创始人Vandana Hari表示:“此举可能会使市场在第二季度出现供应短缺,而不是此前预期的供应过剩。”</p><p>她补充称:“油价上涨可能会抑制部分原油需求,并加剧各大央行试图遏制的顽固通胀,增加衰退风险。”</p></body></html>","source":"stock_zhitongcaijing","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>油价重回百元不是梦!OPEC+意外减产后,市场又爆了</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ 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0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n油价重回百元不是梦!OPEC+意外减产后,市场又爆了\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2023-04-03 14:10 北京时间 <a href=http://www.zhitongcaijing.com/content/detail/905410.html><strong>智通财经</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>OPEC+削减石油产量的决定令市场大吃一惊,因为该组织领导人沙特阿拉伯早些时候曾表示将按兵不动。此举重新点燃了人们对通胀和经济衰退的担忧。美国白宫称,在目前的市场条件下,OPEC+的决定是不明智的,并补充说,美国将与生产者和消费者合作,重点关注美国的汽油价格。市场对OPEC+减产迅速做出反应。周一布伦特原油价格一度飙升8%。美国两年期国债收益率跃升7个基点,至4.10%,而基准10年期国债收益率...</p>\n\n<a href=\"http://www.zhitongcaijing.com/content/detail/905410.html\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/783b90f4f58142af1f2aa989e35dc732","relate_stocks":{"UCO":"二倍做多彭博原油ETF","SCO":"二倍做空彭博原油指数ETF","USO":"美国原油ETF"},"source_url":"http://www.zhitongcaijing.com/content/detail/905410.html","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2324832862","content_text":"OPEC+削减石油产量的决定令市场大吃一惊,因为该组织领导人沙特阿拉伯早些时候曾表示将按兵不动。此举重新点燃了人们对通胀和经济衰退的担忧。美国白宫称,在目前的市场条件下,OPEC+的决定是不明智的,并补充说,美国将与生产者和消费者合作,重点关注美国的汽油价格。市场对OPEC+减产迅速做出反应。周一布伦特原油价格一度飙升8%。美国两年期国债收益率跃升7个基点,至4.10%,而基准10年期国债收益率攀升5个基点,至3.52%。美元现货指数上涨0.2%,为连续第二天上涨,反映出市场押注美联储将进一步加息。以下是分析人士对OPEC+减产的看法:高盛Daan Struyven和Callum Bruce等高盛分析师表示:“与过去相比,OPEC+拥有非常强大的定价权。”“OPEC+意外减产符合他们先发制人的新原则,因为他们可以在不大幅损失市场份额的情况下采取行动。”再加上俄罗斯延长减产,这家华尔街巨头将今年12月的布伦特原油预测从此前的每桶90美元上调至95美元,并将2024年12月的价格预测上调至100美元。高盛补充称,与去年10月OPEC+减产不同,由于中国需求强劲复苏和炼油利润率坚挺,全球石油需求的势头是积极的。美国银行美国银行大宗商品和衍生品研究主管Francisco Blanch表示:“在一年的时间里,供需状况发生任何意外的100万桶/日变化,都会对油价造成每桶20至25美元的影响。”他表示:“如果布伦特原油价格在每桶80美元以上交易,OPEC不再担心美国页岩油供应的重大反应,因此削减产量推高油价不会像五年前那样带来风险。”他表示,尽管如此,目前尚不清楚计划中的减产有多少会落实到实际产量上,因为OPEC历史上一直未能完全实施商定的减产。美国银行维持布伦特原油在今年下半年超过每桶90美元的预测。花旗集团包括Ed Morse和Francesco Martoccia在内的花旗分析师表示:“OPEC+恢复了最近放弃的成为石油‘央行行长’的决定。”他们表示:“考虑到极低的管理资金配置、低持仓利率和高波动性,市场可以预期价格会出现超调,就像美联储收紧政策和银行业动荡导致两周前的价格下跌幅度远远超过了应有的水平。”加拿大皇家银行据包括Helima Croft和Christopher Louney在内的加拿大皇家银行资本市场分析师称,OPEC+的意外减产可能导致实际产量减少约70万桶/天,尽管新闻报道的数字约为165万桶/天。不过,此举可以被解读为一个信号,即沙特阿拉伯及其OPEC伙伴将寻求阻止进一步的宏观抛售。他们认为,沙特明确表达了对美联储激进行动、宏观不确定性以及市场过度看空倾向的担忧。澳新银行澳新银行高级大宗商品策略师Daniel Hynes表示,在这些措施出台后,油价在年底前达到100美元的可能性“肯定增加了”。他表示:“和市场上的其他人一样,我对这一举动感到非常惊讶。”“这项措施确实向市场发出了一个非常强烈的信号,即他们将支持油价。”澳大利亚联邦银行澳大利亚联邦银行矿业和能源大宗商品研究主管Vivek Dhar表示,OPEC+宣布的减产将“占未来两个月全球供应量的1.1%左右,占今年下半年全球供应量的1.6%左右”。他补充说,计划减产的8个国家确实有能力这样做。Dhar表示:“因此,每天减产超过100万桶可以成为现实。”“人们应该关注这些削减,因为它们实际上是可以实现的。”瑞典北欧斯安银行瑞典北欧斯安银行首席大宗商品分析师Bjarne Schieldrop表示:“随着美国石油产量增长放缓,市场份额被美国页岩油抢走的风险有限,因此OPEC+很容易削减产量。”“美国页岩油增长放缓的自然结果是,OPEC+的市场力量更大,油价更高。”他表示,随着全球航空燃油需求复苏,减产将有助于推动布伦特原油更快回到每桶100美元的水平。Schieldrop之前曾认为,OPEC仍有进一步减产的巨大空间。他表示:“即使在最近的减产之后,这一点仍然成立。其结果是,油价下行风险有限。”Vanda Insights新加坡石油咨询公司Vanda Insights创始人Vandana Hari表示:“此举可能会使市场在第二季度出现供应短缺,而不是此前预期的供应过剩。”她补充称:“油价上涨可能会抑制部分原油需求,并加剧各大央行试图遏制的顽固通胀,增加衰退风险。”","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":304,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9940531648,"gmtCreate":1678021636084,"gmtModify":1678021639429,"author":{"id":"3584267972657287","authorId":"3584267972657287","name":"财米游言","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f1516ab44d3460e0b97830666a8c1a44","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3584267972657287","authorIdStr":"3584267972657287"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"👍","listText":"👍","text":"👍","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9940531648","repostId":"1157059208","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1157059208","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1677977343,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1157059208?lang=&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2023-03-05 08:49","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"揭秘 | ChatGPT背后的35岁神秘教母,一手推火这个神级AI","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1157059208","media":"新智元","summary":"ChatGPT诞生的背后,还有一个重要的女性首席技术官。最近几周,随着ChatGPT的爆火,她也开始走进媒体的视野。当OpenAI在2022年11月下旬忽然决定推出ChatGPT时,员工们都惊呆了。当","content":"<html><head></head><body><p>ChatGPT诞生的背后,还有一个重要的女性首席技术官。最近几周,随着ChatGPT的爆火,她也开始走进媒体的视野。</p><p>当OpenAI在2022年11月下旬忽然决定推出ChatGPT时,员工们都惊呆了。</p><p>当时在研发GPT-4的员工,忽然被下令把已经GPT-3.5包装一下,尽快做成一个聊天机器人。</p><p>几天后,ChatGPT零宣传地上线了,员工们没有抱任何期望,然而几十天内ChatGPT仿佛滚雪球一般,在全世界开启了病毒式的传播。</p><p>而媒体们,一直在深挖着这个顶流AI诞生的幕后故事。</p><p>最近,他们发现了OpenAI的35岁CTO,ChatGPT教母——Mira Murati。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4b9bdc06b3174f8075b25aac312253b3\" tg-width=\"800\" tg-height=\"480\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>这些天,媒体的聚光灯从ChatGPT之父Sam Altman,转移到了Mira Murati身上。</p><p>尤其是外媒这两个月来对于她的频繁报道,分外惹人注目。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0fe30d80bdf9b1fb000b057642a628df\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"655\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>但她又是如此神秘,竟然连维基百科的主页都没有。</p><p>不可否认的是,她现在已经成为科技界最有影响力的人物之一。而她能走到这一步,绝不是偶然。</p><p><b>OpenAI神秘的CTO</b></p><p>据网上流传的信息,Mira Murati出生于一个阿尔巴尼亚高中教师家庭,之后在达特茅斯学院取得了机械工程学士学位。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0649b0894fa8c965ca8b2e7904b4ac3e\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"336\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2013年,Murati正式加入特斯拉,负责Model X的开发。</p><p>也就是在这一年,她对AI产生了兴趣。</p><p>当时,特斯拉正在研发人工智能驾驶辅助软件Autopilot的早期版本,还在为工厂开发人工智能机器人。这使Murati开始考虑其他现实世界的应用。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5c70d9c20303a041ab9c844aed3e17d9\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"607\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>之后,Murati在Leap Motion担任了两年的产品和工程副总裁。</p><p>Leap Motion是一家软件和硬件公司,它生产的控制器,使用户能够在与PC或Mac连接时,用手部动作操纵数字对象。</p><p>在Murati在Leap Motion任职期间,该公司推出了为VR的手部追踪而设计的新软件。</p><p>作为产品和工程副总裁,她希望能用户与电脑的互动可以「像玩球一样直观」。但她很快意识到,基于VR的技术还没能被大众所接受。</p><p>Murati仔细考虑了自己下一步该怎么办,她得出的结论是,「技术的巨大进步」必须用来解决世界上最大的挑战。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5562838d8fc455dd5efa61dcf04475f4\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"582\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2018年,Murati加入了OpenAI,担任应用人工智能和合作伙伴关系的副总裁。</p><p>此时,OpenAI已经加紧了步调,制定了一份比当前的实力更有野心的计划。</p><p>2019年,OpenAI从非营利组织转变为营利组织。</p><p>随后,Murati步步高升,成为OpenAI产品和合作伙伴关系的高级副总裁。</p><p>在10个月前,她成为首席技术官。</p><p>自打Murati被任命为首席技术官以后,OpenAI就发布了一些最热门的明星AI产品,比如DALL-E 2和ChatGPT。</p><p>这些产品也让全世界对OpenAI刮目相看,所有人都认识到:OpenAI的技术可以给世界创造不可想象的经济价值。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4cff9de68f7a8775aa5257203694e214\" tg-width=\"760\" tg-height=\"1050\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2月24日,OpenAI CEO、ChatGPT之父Sam Altman发布了AGI路线图,确保AGI造福全人类,目标直指超级智能世界。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b5d2faf522f1ab02d4433ad731833158\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"438\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>毫无疑问,如果通用人工智能 (AGI)——人类水平的人工智能真的实现,世界经济可能会在一夜之间发生天翻地覆的变化,而紧随其后的是,社会结构、政治制度甚至国际权力格局的根本变化。</p><p>显然,目前人们探讨的ChatGPT可能对人类社会造成的颠覆性影响,并未夸张。</p><p>而Murati能够让自己走进OpenAI,成为具有影响全世界力量的人,走出的每一步,都不是随意的。</p><p><b>一步步,走向巅峰</b></p><p>在Leap Motion任职期间,Murati深刻地意识到VR还未被大众接受,为了找寻解决世界上最大挑战的技术,她于2018年加入了OpenAI。</p><p>这一次,她绝对没有选错。</p><p>在OpenAI,她找到了许多志同道合的人,他们有着和她共同的信念——AGI将成为改变全世界的技术。</p><p>在这里,Murati发现了一个不断变化的组织。这个世界上最好的人工智能实验室,正在利用互联网规模的数据量和定制的超级计算机来训练他们的模型,他们的蛮力方法正在产生结果。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/762c752072b406ec751e5f550c447609\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"624\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>起初,OpenAI的规模虽小,但团队在不断壮大。他们意识到,公司需要的算力越来越昂贵。商业化既是经济上的需要,也是让他们的技术了解世界的途径。</p><p>2019年,这家非营利组织将自身重组为营利性初创公司,母公司为非营利组织,任命前Y Combinator总裁Sam Altman担任首席执行官。他不负众望,很快从微软筹集了10亿美元。</p><p>随着OpenAI开始新的征程,Murati担任了应用人工智能和合作伙伴关系的副总裁。</p><p>OpenAI面临着大语言模型(或者说在神经网络上处理和生成文本的算法)的核心问题,按照OpenAI的竞争对手、Stable Diffusion的研发副总裁Patrick Hebron的说法,大语言模型就像被密封的天才。</p><p>打个比方,莫扎特并不是莫扎特,直到有人递给他一件乐器。</p><p>同样的,OpenAI的基础语言模型虽然具有巨大的潜能,但还需要在外部合作伙伴的帮助下,才能以更快的速度曝光。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0fd1ee5e45d29906baf74182f1e0d02f\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"607\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>与此同时,其他的AI实验室也在探索如何用大规模语言模型来开发产品。比如Google Duplex,一种能帮人打电话预约的、语音机器人版本的谷歌助手。</p><p>相比起来,OpenAI更多的精力是在如何让模型更好地符合人类意图。(谷歌后来的失败,在这里就埋下了伏笔。)</p><p>此时,Murati也被提升为研究监督总管,她发现自己正处于这项工作的核心。</p><p>具体来说,要想实现真正的「Chat」GPT,OpenAI就需要让模型理解人类对话的价值。很多语言都是主观的:什么歌曲算好听?什么餐厅算高档?没有人类的反馈,语言模型就很难理解这些概念,更不用说听懂玩笑了。</p><p>为了向GPT传递这些人类的价值观,OpenAI做了一系列的努力。它雇佣承包商,来评估GPT的输出,并编写出更好的输出,同时也让OpenAI自己的员工做同样的事。</p><p>它发现合作伙伴愿意分享他们的实验数据。它建立了一个安全操作,试图预测用户可能破坏系统的方式。然后将来自所有这些过程的数据,反馈到一个可以位于语言模型之上的算法层。</p><p>最后一步,就是在系统上创建一个搜索栏界面,并将其命名为ChatGPT,这一步是最容易的。</p><p>就这样,时下最火爆的当红顶流语言模型诞生了。用Murati的话说,他们得到了一个聊天机器人,它「更可能做你想让它做的事情」。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ce84bd31e958f93db0a3884de44c593f\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"603\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>Greylock采访:斯坦福HAI联合主任李飞飞博士和OpenAI首席技术官Mira Murati</p><p>但ChatGPT也仅仅只是一个开始。</p><p>OpenAI 拥有多样化的应用程序组合,从一开始,OpenAI就设计了广泛的产品组合。</p><p>「我们想要做出Dall-E的原因之一,就是为了更深入地了解世界,让这些模型以我们的方式了解世界,」Murati 说。</p><p>在她看来,多模态学习(即包含文本、图像、音频、视频甚至机器人技术的学习)训练的人工智能模型,就是实现长期突破的关键点。</p><p>而诀窍就是,将这些未来的计划与此时此地的产品联系起来。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/12711d5734bfca31fa69c666c9eaaea8\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"720\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>出席GIRL GEEK X举办的活动</p><p>与谷歌严捂自己的AI研究不同,显然,Murati热衷于与公众测试这些产品。</p><p>「你可以在没有现实世界接触的情况下在真空中取得技术进步。但接下来的问题是,你真的在朝着正确的方向前进吗?」</p><p>在Murati看来,如果仅在实验室范围内构建AGI,它出现后造成的社会冲击会更加令人不安。</p><p>而通过强化学习和人类反馈来调节大语言模型,是解决AGI未来挑战最有效的方法,也是让公众参与对话的一种方式。</p><p>另外,尽管Murati对OpenAI 的能力充满信心,但她似乎并不像CEO Sam Altman那样,经常谈起AGI产生意识之类的科幻故事来制造头条新闻。</p><p>在Murati看来,意识是一种哲学思想,而不是科学思想。</p><p>Murati想重新设想图灵测试,以确定计算机是否可以像人类一样思考,承担广泛的认知任务。</p><p>但最重要的是,她希望OpenAI的系统能够向真实的人类学习。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2b3a4aa092e8cd45db2378fc80b59490\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"592\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>关于Murati的个人信息,我们目前只知道她是科幻经典《2001:太空漫游》、诗人Rainer Maria Rilke和摇滚乐队Radiohead的粉丝</p><p><b>必应的三种人格,也有她的贡献</b></p><p>昨天,广大用户发现,必应AI忽然有三种「人格」可供选择:创造性、平衡性和精确性。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/74c217484dc8e950fb6d6b29a1f21746\" tg-width=\"738\" tg-height=\"344\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>这背后,也有着Murati等OpenAI员工的推动。</p><p>根据Fast Company的报道,在OpenAI的旧金山总部,ChatGPT背后的六人领导团队每周都会聚集在一起开例会。</p><p>在1月底的一个早晨,例会的第一个问题就是——团队该如何让ChatGPT在回答中平衡准确性和创造性。</p><p>Murati作为CTO在例会上第一个发言,询问了团队对于ChatGPT的准确性与其想象力之间的相关性了解多少。</p><p>前粒子物理学家和谷歌大脑科学家、现OpenAI研究人员Liam Fedus表示,「越来越多的证据表明,我们的基础模型在创意写作方面很有才华,但由于OpenAI在某种程度上转向了一个更有用的模型,也许已经让它失去了一些能力。」</p><p>Murati认真听着回答,记着笔记,计划在未来几周展开测试模型准确性与创造力的新实验。</p><p>这条调查线,影响的是数十亿美元和数百万个工作岗位。</p><p>如果不能证明ChatGPT的可信度,OpenAI作为硅谷几十年来最有前途初创公司的地位,就可能受到威胁。</p><p>如今我们可以看到,类ChatGPT模型整合进微软的必应之后,也在真实的市场反馈中一步步试探和摸索着产品的路线。</p><p><b>ChatGPT火了之后</b></p><p>此前,Murati很少走到台前,但是随着最近AIGC的爆火,OpenAI成为了引领时代潮流的一个符号,Murati也更多地出现在了公众的视野中。</p><p>早在四个月前,她就出现在崔娃的「The Daily Show」上,讨论这些强大的AI工具可能给人类造成的影响。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0b5d2bb038ee7add5930504c4137838b\" tg-width=\"1079\" tg-height=\"607\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>在2021年,OpenAI聘请了ML研究员Jan Leike,他现在领导着一个对齐团队,标志着他们更加关注人类反馈强化学习(RLHF)的训练。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffad378a6e4164d4caeba766a42a06b1\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"438\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>在推特上,Murati一直与Leike有着密切的互动,他们还讨论了在训练AI模型期间纳入反馈的重要性。</p><p>早在八个月前与CogX的讨论中,Murati就解释说:「我们希望这些模型遵循我们的明确指令,但我们也希望它们遵循我们隐含的指令,所以我们不希望它们产生任何刻板印象,或产生有毒的反应。我们希望它们大致上能与我们想要的东西保持一致,这可能是相当模糊的。为了达到这个目标,我们需要在循环中对模型进行人工反馈,使意图更加清晰。」</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/57e0ed498b4602ac7b3fa82f846ab9b9\" tg-width=\"596\" tg-height=\"731\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>也是在那次讨论中,她盛赞了AI带来的进步,但也坦率地承认,自己不知道AI工具是否会取代人类。</p><p>「我们不确定AGI是不是会完全取代我们,或帮助我们正在做的事情。现在还不清楚,人类的工作以后会发生什么变化,经济体系又会变成什么样子。」</p><p>「但是总体上,我认为AI会给人类带来非常积极的影响,因为它可以解决现实世界中非常困难的问题,比如应对气候变化,或者治疗疑难杂症。」</p><p>在崔娃的「The Daily Show」中,Murati却采取了一种更不置可否的态度,称OpenAI的应用程序为「人类的帮手」,会变成「社会塑造它们」的样子。</p><p>OpenAI CEO兼创始人Sam Altman在谈及ChatGPT相关的道德问题时,态度也是同样模糊。</p><p>而Murati也承认,「AGI对人类会有什么确切影响这种问题」太大、太开放了,她现在还无法回答。</p><p>而最近接受《时代》杂志采访时,Murati也呼吁,政策制定者应该开始监管AI了。</p><p>「对于OpenAI和同类的公司来说,以一种可控和负责任的方式将AI带入公众意识是很重要的。但我们是一个小团体,我们需要在这个系统中获得更多的投入,以及更多超越技术的投入,比如监管者、政府以及其他所有力量。」</p><p>现在,OpenAI的下一个大型语言模型GPT-4也在准备推出了,显然,它可能会和ChatGPT吸引到同样的关注,甚至更多,不过,Murati认为,对此「少一些炒作会更好」。</p><p>但毫无疑问,Murati和她的团队接下来的每一步,都会继续搅动这个世界。</p></body></html>","source":"lsy1569730104218","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>揭秘 | ChatGPT背后的35岁神秘教母,一手推火这个神级AI</title>\n<style 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margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n揭秘 | ChatGPT背后的35岁神秘教母,一手推火这个神级AI\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2023-03-05 08:49 北京时间 <a href=https://36kr.com/p/2156705553276680><strong>新智元</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>ChatGPT诞生的背后,还有一个重要的女性首席技术官。最近几周,随着ChatGPT的爆火,她也开始走进媒体的视野。当OpenAI在2022年11月下旬忽然决定推出ChatGPT时,员工们都惊呆了。当时在研发GPT-4的员工,忽然被下令把已经GPT-3.5包装一下,尽快做成一个聊天机器人。几天后,ChatGPT零宣传地上线了,员工们没有抱任何期望,然而几十天内ChatGPT仿佛滚雪球一般,在全世界...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://36kr.com/p/2156705553276680\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4b9bdc06b3174f8075b25aac312253b3","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://36kr.com/p/2156705553276680","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1157059208","content_text":"ChatGPT诞生的背后,还有一个重要的女性首席技术官。最近几周,随着ChatGPT的爆火,她也开始走进媒体的视野。当OpenAI在2022年11月下旬忽然决定推出ChatGPT时,员工们都惊呆了。当时在研发GPT-4的员工,忽然被下令把已经GPT-3.5包装一下,尽快做成一个聊天机器人。几天后,ChatGPT零宣传地上线了,员工们没有抱任何期望,然而几十天内ChatGPT仿佛滚雪球一般,在全世界开启了病毒式的传播。而媒体们,一直在深挖着这个顶流AI诞生的幕后故事。最近,他们发现了OpenAI的35岁CTO,ChatGPT教母——Mira Murati。这些天,媒体的聚光灯从ChatGPT之父Sam Altman,转移到了Mira Murati身上。尤其是外媒这两个月来对于她的频繁报道,分外惹人注目。但她又是如此神秘,竟然连维基百科的主页都没有。不可否认的是,她现在已经成为科技界最有影响力的人物之一。而她能走到这一步,绝不是偶然。OpenAI神秘的CTO据网上流传的信息,Mira Murati出生于一个阿尔巴尼亚高中教师家庭,之后在达特茅斯学院取得了机械工程学士学位。2013年,Murati正式加入特斯拉,负责Model X的开发。也就是在这一年,她对AI产生了兴趣。当时,特斯拉正在研发人工智能驾驶辅助软件Autopilot的早期版本,还在为工厂开发人工智能机器人。这使Murati开始考虑其他现实世界的应用。之后,Murati在Leap Motion担任了两年的产品和工程副总裁。Leap Motion是一家软件和硬件公司,它生产的控制器,使用户能够在与PC或Mac连接时,用手部动作操纵数字对象。在Murati在Leap Motion任职期间,该公司推出了为VR的手部追踪而设计的新软件。作为产品和工程副总裁,她希望能用户与电脑的互动可以「像玩球一样直观」。但她很快意识到,基于VR的技术还没能被大众所接受。Murati仔细考虑了自己下一步该怎么办,她得出的结论是,「技术的巨大进步」必须用来解决世界上最大的挑战。2018年,Murati加入了OpenAI,担任应用人工智能和合作伙伴关系的副总裁。此时,OpenAI已经加紧了步调,制定了一份比当前的实力更有野心的计划。2019年,OpenAI从非营利组织转变为营利组织。随后,Murati步步高升,成为OpenAI产品和合作伙伴关系的高级副总裁。在10个月前,她成为首席技术官。自打Murati被任命为首席技术官以后,OpenAI就发布了一些最热门的明星AI产品,比如DALL-E 2和ChatGPT。这些产品也让全世界对OpenAI刮目相看,所有人都认识到:OpenAI的技术可以给世界创造不可想象的经济价值。2月24日,OpenAI CEO、ChatGPT之父Sam Altman发布了AGI路线图,确保AGI造福全人类,目标直指超级智能世界。毫无疑问,如果通用人工智能 (AGI)——人类水平的人工智能真的实现,世界经济可能会在一夜之间发生天翻地覆的变化,而紧随其后的是,社会结构、政治制度甚至国际权力格局的根本变化。显然,目前人们探讨的ChatGPT可能对人类社会造成的颠覆性影响,并未夸张。而Murati能够让自己走进OpenAI,成为具有影响全世界力量的人,走出的每一步,都不是随意的。一步步,走向巅峰在Leap Motion任职期间,Murati深刻地意识到VR还未被大众接受,为了找寻解决世界上最大挑战的技术,她于2018年加入了OpenAI。这一次,她绝对没有选错。在OpenAI,她找到了许多志同道合的人,他们有着和她共同的信念——AGI将成为改变全世界的技术。在这里,Murati发现了一个不断变化的组织。这个世界上最好的人工智能实验室,正在利用互联网规模的数据量和定制的超级计算机来训练他们的模型,他们的蛮力方法正在产生结果。起初,OpenAI的规模虽小,但团队在不断壮大。他们意识到,公司需要的算力越来越昂贵。商业化既是经济上的需要,也是让他们的技术了解世界的途径。2019年,这家非营利组织将自身重组为营利性初创公司,母公司为非营利组织,任命前Y Combinator总裁Sam Altman担任首席执行官。他不负众望,很快从微软筹集了10亿美元。随着OpenAI开始新的征程,Murati担任了应用人工智能和合作伙伴关系的副总裁。OpenAI面临着大语言模型(或者说在神经网络上处理和生成文本的算法)的核心问题,按照OpenAI的竞争对手、Stable Diffusion的研发副总裁Patrick Hebron的说法,大语言模型就像被密封的天才。打个比方,莫扎特并不是莫扎特,直到有人递给他一件乐器。同样的,OpenAI的基础语言模型虽然具有巨大的潜能,但还需要在外部合作伙伴的帮助下,才能以更快的速度曝光。与此同时,其他的AI实验室也在探索如何用大规模语言模型来开发产品。比如Google Duplex,一种能帮人打电话预约的、语音机器人版本的谷歌助手。相比起来,OpenAI更多的精力是在如何让模型更好地符合人类意图。(谷歌后来的失败,在这里就埋下了伏笔。)此时,Murati也被提升为研究监督总管,她发现自己正处于这项工作的核心。具体来说,要想实现真正的「Chat」GPT,OpenAI就需要让模型理解人类对话的价值。很多语言都是主观的:什么歌曲算好听?什么餐厅算高档?没有人类的反馈,语言模型就很难理解这些概念,更不用说听懂玩笑了。为了向GPT传递这些人类的价值观,OpenAI做了一系列的努力。它雇佣承包商,来评估GPT的输出,并编写出更好的输出,同时也让OpenAI自己的员工做同样的事。它发现合作伙伴愿意分享他们的实验数据。它建立了一个安全操作,试图预测用户可能破坏系统的方式。然后将来自所有这些过程的数据,反馈到一个可以位于语言模型之上的算法层。最后一步,就是在系统上创建一个搜索栏界面,并将其命名为ChatGPT,这一步是最容易的。就这样,时下最火爆的当红顶流语言模型诞生了。用Murati的话说,他们得到了一个聊天机器人,它「更可能做你想让它做的事情」。Greylock采访:斯坦福HAI联合主任李飞飞博士和OpenAI首席技术官Mira Murati但ChatGPT也仅仅只是一个开始。OpenAI 拥有多样化的应用程序组合,从一开始,OpenAI就设计了广泛的产品组合。「我们想要做出Dall-E的原因之一,就是为了更深入地了解世界,让这些模型以我们的方式了解世界,」Murati 说。在她看来,多模态学习(即包含文本、图像、音频、视频甚至机器人技术的学习)训练的人工智能模型,就是实现长期突破的关键点。而诀窍就是,将这些未来的计划与此时此地的产品联系起来。出席GIRL GEEK X举办的活动与谷歌严捂自己的AI研究不同,显然,Murati热衷于与公众测试这些产品。「你可以在没有现实世界接触的情况下在真空中取得技术进步。但接下来的问题是,你真的在朝着正确的方向前进吗?」在Murati看来,如果仅在实验室范围内构建AGI,它出现后造成的社会冲击会更加令人不安。而通过强化学习和人类反馈来调节大语言模型,是解决AGI未来挑战最有效的方法,也是让公众参与对话的一种方式。另外,尽管Murati对OpenAI 的能力充满信心,但她似乎并不像CEO Sam Altman那样,经常谈起AGI产生意识之类的科幻故事来制造头条新闻。在Murati看来,意识是一种哲学思想,而不是科学思想。Murati想重新设想图灵测试,以确定计算机是否可以像人类一样思考,承担广泛的认知任务。但最重要的是,她希望OpenAI的系统能够向真实的人类学习。关于Murati的个人信息,我们目前只知道她是科幻经典《2001:太空漫游》、诗人Rainer Maria Rilke和摇滚乐队Radiohead的粉丝必应的三种人格,也有她的贡献昨天,广大用户发现,必应AI忽然有三种「人格」可供选择:创造性、平衡性和精确性。这背后,也有着Murati等OpenAI员工的推动。根据Fast Company的报道,在OpenAI的旧金山总部,ChatGPT背后的六人领导团队每周都会聚集在一起开例会。在1月底的一个早晨,例会的第一个问题就是——团队该如何让ChatGPT在回答中平衡准确性和创造性。Murati作为CTO在例会上第一个发言,询问了团队对于ChatGPT的准确性与其想象力之间的相关性了解多少。前粒子物理学家和谷歌大脑科学家、现OpenAI研究人员Liam Fedus表示,「越来越多的证据表明,我们的基础模型在创意写作方面很有才华,但由于OpenAI在某种程度上转向了一个更有用的模型,也许已经让它失去了一些能力。」Murati认真听着回答,记着笔记,计划在未来几周展开测试模型准确性与创造力的新实验。这条调查线,影响的是数十亿美元和数百万个工作岗位。如果不能证明ChatGPT的可信度,OpenAI作为硅谷几十年来最有前途初创公司的地位,就可能受到威胁。如今我们可以看到,类ChatGPT模型整合进微软的必应之后,也在真实的市场反馈中一步步试探和摸索着产品的路线。ChatGPT火了之后此前,Murati很少走到台前,但是随着最近AIGC的爆火,OpenAI成为了引领时代潮流的一个符号,Murati也更多地出现在了公众的视野中。早在四个月前,她就出现在崔娃的「The Daily Show」上,讨论这些强大的AI工具可能给人类造成的影响。在2021年,OpenAI聘请了ML研究员Jan Leike,他现在领导着一个对齐团队,标志着他们更加关注人类反馈强化学习(RLHF)的训练。在推特上,Murati一直与Leike有着密切的互动,他们还讨论了在训练AI模型期间纳入反馈的重要性。早在八个月前与CogX的讨论中,Murati就解释说:「我们希望这些模型遵循我们的明确指令,但我们也希望它们遵循我们隐含的指令,所以我们不希望它们产生任何刻板印象,或产生有毒的反应。我们希望它们大致上能与我们想要的东西保持一致,这可能是相当模糊的。为了达到这个目标,我们需要在循环中对模型进行人工反馈,使意图更加清晰。」也是在那次讨论中,她盛赞了AI带来的进步,但也坦率地承认,自己不知道AI工具是否会取代人类。「我们不确定AGI是不是会完全取代我们,或帮助我们正在做的事情。现在还不清楚,人类的工作以后会发生什么变化,经济体系又会变成什么样子。」「但是总体上,我认为AI会给人类带来非常积极的影响,因为它可以解决现实世界中非常困难的问题,比如应对气候变化,或者治疗疑难杂症。」在崔娃的「The Daily Show」中,Murati却采取了一种更不置可否的态度,称OpenAI的应用程序为「人类的帮手」,会变成「社会塑造它们」的样子。OpenAI CEO兼创始人Sam Altman在谈及ChatGPT相关的道德问题时,态度也是同样模糊。而Murati也承认,「AGI对人类会有什么确切影响这种问题」太大、太开放了,她现在还无法回答。而最近接受《时代》杂志采访时,Murati也呼吁,政策制定者应该开始监管AI了。「对于OpenAI和同类的公司来说,以一种可控和负责任的方式将AI带入公众意识是很重要的。但我们是一个小团体,我们需要在这个系统中获得更多的投入,以及更多超越技术的投入,比如监管者、政府以及其他所有力量。」现在,OpenAI的下一个大型语言模型GPT-4也在准备推出了,显然,它可能会和ChatGPT吸引到同样的关注,甚至更多,不过,Murati认为,对此「少一些炒作会更好」。但毫无疑问,Murati和她的团队接下来的每一步,都会继续搅动这个世界。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":423,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9920974556,"gmtCreate":1670426644775,"gmtModify":1676538365758,"author":{"id":"3584267972657287","authorId":"3584267972657287","name":"财米游言","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f1516ab44d3460e0b97830666a8c1a44","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3584267972657287","authorIdStr":"3584267972657287"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Black story ","listText":"Black story ","text":"Black story","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9920974556","repostId":"1132239927","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1132239927","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"格隆汇旗下公众号。分享和探讨港股、美国中概股以及少量估值确有吸引力之A股的投资线索、投资机会与投资心得.","home_visible":1,"media_name":"格隆汇","id":"3","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/24397cd0a72f485e9734d658c5a0841d"},"pubTimestamp":1670414482,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1132239927?lang=&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2022-12-07 20:01","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"黑石遭疯狂挤兑:又一颗金融大雷","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1132239927","media":"格隆汇","summary":"威力有多大?黑石集团,新世纪华尔街之王,坐拥近万亿美元资产,全球最大的私募股权基金和资产管理公司。它在全球金融江湖呼风唤雨,不可一世。黑石的老板是史蒂芬.斯瓦茨曼,土生土长的犹太裔美国人。他给自己起了","content":"<html><head></head><body><blockquote>威力有多大?</blockquote><p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BX\">黑石</a>集团,新世纪华尔街之王,坐拥近万亿美元资产,全球最大的私募股权基金和资产管理公司。它在全球金融江湖呼风唤雨,不可一世。</p><p>黑石的老板是史蒂芬.斯瓦茨曼,土生土长的犹太裔美国人。他给自己起了一个好听的中文名——苏世民。在中国,他名声大噪,是因为2020年斥资610亿元接盘潘石屹<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00410\">SOHO中国</a>全部资产。</p><p>疫情几年间,苏世民做了一个大胆的决定,趁着泛滥低廉的美元大肆扩张房地产业务。2021年,黑石不动产管理规模一举超过私募股权传统业务,成为集团第一大核心资产板块。2022年,不动产业务募集了335亿美元,远超过私募股权225亿美元的募集规模。</p><p>一切美妙,原本以为可以继续。但音乐突然戛然而止,似乎也早已命中注定。</p><p><b>01、</b><b>挤兑风波</b></p><p>12月1日,黑石给客户致信称,房地产收益信托基金(BRIET)12月只有占净资产规模0.3%的额度可供投资者赎回资金。而该基金赎回规则是每个月不超过净资产规模的2%,单个季度累计不超过净资产的5%。</p><p>这一举措吓坏了股票市场的投资者。当夜,股价一度闪崩12%,收盘仍大跌逾7%。最近16个交易日,黑石狂泻28%。现价较历史高峰也已经大幅暴跌44%,蒸发市值450亿美元。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6fe5fda31a4cc590bec595905aba7c7b\" tg-width=\"872\" tg-height=\"529\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>黑石经历了一波挤兑,紧急出此下策。今年10月,投资者赎回资金申请高达18亿美元,占到公司净资产规模的2.7%。虽然额度超标,但仍然100%履约。到了11月,更多投资者要求赎回,黑石遭遇困境,仅仅受理了43%的申请,总计13亿美元。基金投资者愈发恐慌,12月赎回卖盘蜂拥而入。<b>黑石招架不住,出现了流动性危机征兆,赎回额比例从2%骤降至0.3%。</b></p><p>黑石自己也承认手里可以直接动用的流动性资金并不多,仅仅93亿美元。如果有需要,就得卖出手里握有的90亿美元的债券。</p><p>为了应对挤兑危机,黑石方面开始行动卖出不动产。12月2日,该公司宣布,拟作价12.7亿美元将<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MGM\">美高梅</a>大酒店和曼德勒海湾度假村的49.9%股份卖给VICI,后者也持有这两个拉斯维加斯知名地标的剩余股权,收购后将全资拥有这两个地标房产。</p><p>如果投资者继续大规模撤资,黑石恐怕将面临恒大一样的遭遇。要知道,黑石房地产收益信托基金规模高达1250亿美元,投资领域均是流动性极差的不动产,包括公寓楼、工业办公园区、赌场、物流设施等等。</p><p>而从2017年成立以来,BRIET基金有辉煌的战绩——年化收益率高达13%,同时分红收益率为4.4%。如此亮眼、如此稳定的业绩表现,为何投资者会大规模挤兑呢?</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d65ff1d2fc6429340cb231cb0f5ed56b\" tg-width=\"870\" tg-height=\"479\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><b>在我看来,聪明投资者高位套现,落袋为安是一个尚佳决策。</b>据黑石统计,今年以来,BRIET基金回报率高达9.3%,而同期公开交易的REIT指数下跌逾3%。另外,房地产信托基金同行Vangard旗下房地产ETF(VQN)今年总回报率为-13%。</p><p>BRIET基金不在交易所交易,其不动产定价与评估都是黑石自己说了算,存在资产净值评估过高的风险。参照同行而言,BRIET基金表现确实太过于乐观了。对于投资者而言,今年盈利还不错,资产价格还被高估,不套现不离场,还等什么呢?</p><p>当然,这并不是卖出基金的唯一核心理由。更为重要的是,在全球主流央行疯狂加息的大背景下,全球房地产市场将迎来严峻考验,房价下跌无法避免。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/aaa3c697d9096ef1ccff3dfbf14014ae\" tg-width=\"520\" tg-height=\"528\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><b>黑石遭遇的流动性危机,才刚刚拉开序幕。</b></p><p><b>02、</b><b>楼市冰封</b></p><p>新冠疫情期间,欧美央行开展了超大规模的货币宽松政策。廉价的货币被疯狂的印刷机不断印刷出来,涌向各类金融资产以及实体领域,造就了史无前例的资产泡沫以及40年以来最高的全球大通胀。</p><p>房地产自然也会享受资本泡沫浴。<b>据经合组织数据显示,34个成员国的平均房价较2019年上涨35%。</b>其中在2020年3月至2022年6月,美国房价惊人上涨42%。</p><p>泡沫狂欢,终究不可持续。通胀来势汹汹,美联储带领全球央行开始暴力加息。一年加7次,加息幅度可能会高达450个基点(12月预计50BP),叠加大幅缩表,货币紧转弯程度创40年最快。</p><p>利率反转大规模上涨,冰冻了美国房地产市场。</p><p>今年10月,美国购房者信心指数快速滑落至39,创下1980年代以来最低水平。房屋建筑商也一样,信心不足,几个月之内被腰斩。11月,NAHB房地产指数仅仅只有33,接近2020年5月新冠封锁时的最低点,低于2007年2月的水平。要知道,NAHB指数是美国房屋销售以及整体支出的一个领先指标。指数高于50,表明房地产市场在扩张,低于50表明在收缩。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9b823c321ba47b25f7e6a2a48ceac7e7\" tg-width=\"869\" tg-height=\"545\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>美国10月成屋销售总数年化录得443万户,创2011年12月以来的新低,环比下降5.9%,为连续9个月下滑,创有史以来最长连跌纪录,连跌周期甚至已超过2008年次贷危机时期。</p><p>另据国际房地产公司RE/MAX调查了美国53个都会区,10月全美房屋销售总量环比下降了13.5%,同比下降了30.7%。报告还指出,待售房屋比一年前增加了36.8%,房屋上市后平均要35天才能售出。</p><p><b>地产买卖双方信心严重不足,成交量快速冷却,亦是房价即将开始出现拐点下跌的重要信号。</b></p><p>今年9月,美国20个大城市房价综合指数同比上涨10.4%,较前值13.1%下降2.7个百分点。环比来看,其中旧金山和西雅图房价跌幅最大,均跌2.9%,拉斯维加斯下滑2.4%,凤凰城跌幅为2.2%。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3fca640780801809392883b38effa8e3\" tg-width=\"874\" tg-height=\"535\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><b>美国房价见顶下跌,录得乐观跌幅将会是绝大概率事件。</b>据毕马威首席经济学家Diane Swonk预测,2023年美国的房价或将下跌15%。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MS\">摩根士丹利</a>则认为,美国房价调整才刚刚开始,凯斯-席勒全美房价指数将于2023年同比下跌4%,2022年6月至2024年底,美国房价将由峰值下滑约10%。</p><p>为什么会跌这么多?</p><p>今年,30年期按揭贷款利率从年初的2.98%一路上扬至7.1%,创下2002年的新高。目前利率仍高达6.49%。这对于投资客以及刚需购房人群均会是重大打击。在高通胀的压力下,明年美联储还将维持高利率水平较长时间,对房地产的巨大压力不会锐减。</p><p>2023年,美国经济可能的深度衰退,也将重创房地产市场。</p><p>目前,美国经济前瞻性指标制造业PMI、服务业PMI均已经持续数月滑落至50荣枯线以内。原油市场也正在真真切切反应全球经济(包括美国)需求放缓的现实逻辑。目前,WTI原油期货价格仅为74美元,再度创下年内新低。</p><p>金融指标上,2年期与10年期国债收益率近日倒挂幅度高达80个基点,创下1981年来最大的幅度。该指标往往被视为美国经济衰退的相对准确的领先信号。1988年以来,倒挂现象大致发生了4次,也都引发了后来的经济衰退与危机。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e33433580e0406dc5f396ce7398f401b\" tg-width=\"872\" tg-height=\"508\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>从各种数据以及逻辑推演来看,美国经济将会在明年一季度开始迎来快速下滑。其实,我们从美国硅谷、华尔街的裁员潮也能端倪一二。<b>巨擘集团们正为强化避险措施,同时也说明2023年的美国经济可能会比预期差。</b></p><p>美国房地产市场会愈加冰封,将给黑石带来更大的冲击与麻烦。毕竟BRIET基金超过70%的资产投资于美国的西部和南部。</p><p><b>03、</b><b>尾声</b></p><p>海外楼市泡沫一个一个破裂。</p><p>在新西兰,10月房价比今年1月峰值时下跌11%。在瑞典,9月房价也比3月时的峰值回落11%。在加拿大方面,9月份全国房价环比下跌3.1%,是自1999年有可追溯数据以来的最大单月跌幅。在韩国,10月全国公寓价格环比下跌1.20%,这是自2003年11月数据统计以来的最大月度跌幅,首尔公寓价格环比下跌1.24%,降幅超过整体,连续第9个月下跌。</p><p>牛津研究院最新一份报告预测,加拿大房价可能下挫30%,新西兰房价或下滑20%,澳州房价可能下降多达20%。这是2007-2008年最令人担忧的楼市前景。</p><p>雪崩之下,没有一片雪花是无辜的。当然,也包括在疫情期间大势扩张地产业务的黑石集团。苏世民已经年过7旬,经历八次大危机而不倒。希望这一次重大流动性危机也能惊险过关。</p></body></html>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>黑石遭疯狂挤兑:又一颗金融大雷</title>\n<style 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margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n黑石遭疯狂挤兑:又一颗金融大雷\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/3\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/24397cd0a72f485e9734d658c5a0841d);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">格隆汇 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2022-12-07 20:01</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<html><head></head><body><blockquote>威力有多大?</blockquote><p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BX\">黑石</a>集团,新世纪华尔街之王,坐拥近万亿美元资产,全球最大的私募股权基金和资产管理公司。它在全球金融江湖呼风唤雨,不可一世。</p><p>黑石的老板是史蒂芬.斯瓦茨曼,土生土长的犹太裔美国人。他给自己起了一个好听的中文名——苏世民。在中国,他名声大噪,是因为2020年斥资610亿元接盘潘石屹<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00410\">SOHO中国</a>全部资产。</p><p>疫情几年间,苏世民做了一个大胆的决定,趁着泛滥低廉的美元大肆扩张房地产业务。2021年,黑石不动产管理规模一举超过私募股权传统业务,成为集团第一大核心资产板块。2022年,不动产业务募集了335亿美元,远超过私募股权225亿美元的募集规模。</p><p>一切美妙,原本以为可以继续。但音乐突然戛然而止,似乎也早已命中注定。</p><p><b>01、</b><b>挤兑风波</b></p><p>12月1日,黑石给客户致信称,房地产收益信托基金(BRIET)12月只有占净资产规模0.3%的额度可供投资者赎回资金。而该基金赎回规则是每个月不超过净资产规模的2%,单个季度累计不超过净资产的5%。</p><p>这一举措吓坏了股票市场的投资者。当夜,股价一度闪崩12%,收盘仍大跌逾7%。最近16个交易日,黑石狂泻28%。现价较历史高峰也已经大幅暴跌44%,蒸发市值450亿美元。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6fe5fda31a4cc590bec595905aba7c7b\" tg-width=\"872\" tg-height=\"529\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>黑石经历了一波挤兑,紧急出此下策。今年10月,投资者赎回资金申请高达18亿美元,占到公司净资产规模的2.7%。虽然额度超标,但仍然100%履约。到了11月,更多投资者要求赎回,黑石遭遇困境,仅仅受理了43%的申请,总计13亿美元。基金投资者愈发恐慌,12月赎回卖盘蜂拥而入。<b>黑石招架不住,出现了流动性危机征兆,赎回额比例从2%骤降至0.3%。</b></p><p>黑石自己也承认手里可以直接动用的流动性资金并不多,仅仅93亿美元。如果有需要,就得卖出手里握有的90亿美元的债券。</p><p>为了应对挤兑危机,黑石方面开始行动卖出不动产。12月2日,该公司宣布,拟作价12.7亿美元将<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MGM\">美高梅</a>大酒店和曼德勒海湾度假村的49.9%股份卖给VICI,后者也持有这两个拉斯维加斯知名地标的剩余股权,收购后将全资拥有这两个地标房产。</p><p>如果投资者继续大规模撤资,黑石恐怕将面临恒大一样的遭遇。要知道,黑石房地产收益信托基金规模高达1250亿美元,投资领域均是流动性极差的不动产,包括公寓楼、工业办公园区、赌场、物流设施等等。</p><p>而从2017年成立以来,BRIET基金有辉煌的战绩——年化收益率高达13%,同时分红收益率为4.4%。如此亮眼、如此稳定的业绩表现,为何投资者会大规模挤兑呢?</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d65ff1d2fc6429340cb231cb0f5ed56b\" tg-width=\"870\" tg-height=\"479\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><b>在我看来,聪明投资者高位套现,落袋为安是一个尚佳决策。</b>据黑石统计,今年以来,BRIET基金回报率高达9.3%,而同期公开交易的REIT指数下跌逾3%。另外,房地产信托基金同行Vangard旗下房地产ETF(VQN)今年总回报率为-13%。</p><p>BRIET基金不在交易所交易,其不动产定价与评估都是黑石自己说了算,存在资产净值评估过高的风险。参照同行而言,BRIET基金表现确实太过于乐观了。对于投资者而言,今年盈利还不错,资产价格还被高估,不套现不离场,还等什么呢?</p><p>当然,这并不是卖出基金的唯一核心理由。更为重要的是,在全球主流央行疯狂加息的大背景下,全球房地产市场将迎来严峻考验,房价下跌无法避免。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/aaa3c697d9096ef1ccff3dfbf14014ae\" tg-width=\"520\" tg-height=\"528\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><b>黑石遭遇的流动性危机,才刚刚拉开序幕。</b></p><p><b>02、</b><b>楼市冰封</b></p><p>新冠疫情期间,欧美央行开展了超大规模的货币宽松政策。廉价的货币被疯狂的印刷机不断印刷出来,涌向各类金融资产以及实体领域,造就了史无前例的资产泡沫以及40年以来最高的全球大通胀。</p><p>房地产自然也会享受资本泡沫浴。<b>据经合组织数据显示,34个成员国的平均房价较2019年上涨35%。</b>其中在2020年3月至2022年6月,美国房价惊人上涨42%。</p><p>泡沫狂欢,终究不可持续。通胀来势汹汹,美联储带领全球央行开始暴力加息。一年加7次,加息幅度可能会高达450个基点(12月预计50BP),叠加大幅缩表,货币紧转弯程度创40年最快。</p><p>利率反转大规模上涨,冰冻了美国房地产市场。</p><p>今年10月,美国购房者信心指数快速滑落至39,创下1980年代以来最低水平。房屋建筑商也一样,信心不足,几个月之内被腰斩。11月,NAHB房地产指数仅仅只有33,接近2020年5月新冠封锁时的最低点,低于2007年2月的水平。要知道,NAHB指数是美国房屋销售以及整体支出的一个领先指标。指数高于50,表明房地产市场在扩张,低于50表明在收缩。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9b823c321ba47b25f7e6a2a48ceac7e7\" tg-width=\"869\" tg-height=\"545\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>美国10月成屋销售总数年化录得443万户,创2011年12月以来的新低,环比下降5.9%,为连续9个月下滑,创有史以来最长连跌纪录,连跌周期甚至已超过2008年次贷危机时期。</p><p>另据国际房地产公司RE/MAX调查了美国53个都会区,10月全美房屋销售总量环比下降了13.5%,同比下降了30.7%。报告还指出,待售房屋比一年前增加了36.8%,房屋上市后平均要35天才能售出。</p><p><b>地产买卖双方信心严重不足,成交量快速冷却,亦是房价即将开始出现拐点下跌的重要信号。</b></p><p>今年9月,美国20个大城市房价综合指数同比上涨10.4%,较前值13.1%下降2.7个百分点。环比来看,其中旧金山和西雅图房价跌幅最大,均跌2.9%,拉斯维加斯下滑2.4%,凤凰城跌幅为2.2%。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3fca640780801809392883b38effa8e3\" tg-width=\"874\" tg-height=\"535\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><b>美国房价见顶下跌,录得乐观跌幅将会是绝大概率事件。</b>据毕马威首席经济学家Diane Swonk预测,2023年美国的房价或将下跌15%。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MS\">摩根士丹利</a>则认为,美国房价调整才刚刚开始,凯斯-席勒全美房价指数将于2023年同比下跌4%,2022年6月至2024年底,美国房价将由峰值下滑约10%。</p><p>为什么会跌这么多?</p><p>今年,30年期按揭贷款利率从年初的2.98%一路上扬至7.1%,创下2002年的新高。目前利率仍高达6.49%。这对于投资客以及刚需购房人群均会是重大打击。在高通胀的压力下,明年美联储还将维持高利率水平较长时间,对房地产的巨大压力不会锐减。</p><p>2023年,美国经济可能的深度衰退,也将重创房地产市场。</p><p>目前,美国经济前瞻性指标制造业PMI、服务业PMI均已经持续数月滑落至50荣枯线以内。原油市场也正在真真切切反应全球经济(包括美国)需求放缓的现实逻辑。目前,WTI原油期货价格仅为74美元,再度创下年内新低。</p><p>金融指标上,2年期与10年期国债收益率近日倒挂幅度高达80个基点,创下1981年来最大的幅度。该指标往往被视为美国经济衰退的相对准确的领先信号。1988年以来,倒挂现象大致发生了4次,也都引发了后来的经济衰退与危机。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e33433580e0406dc5f396ce7398f401b\" tg-width=\"872\" tg-height=\"508\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>从各种数据以及逻辑推演来看,美国经济将会在明年一季度开始迎来快速下滑。其实,我们从美国硅谷、华尔街的裁员潮也能端倪一二。<b>巨擘集团们正为强化避险措施,同时也说明2023年的美国经济可能会比预期差。</b></p><p>美国房地产市场会愈加冰封,将给黑石带来更大的冲击与麻烦。毕竟BRIET基金超过70%的资产投资于美国的西部和南部。</p><p><b>03、</b><b>尾声</b></p><p>海外楼市泡沫一个一个破裂。</p><p>在新西兰,10月房价比今年1月峰值时下跌11%。在瑞典,9月房价也比3月时的峰值回落11%。在加拿大方面,9月份全国房价环比下跌3.1%,是自1999年有可追溯数据以来的最大单月跌幅。在韩国,10月全国公寓价格环比下跌1.20%,这是自2003年11月数据统计以来的最大月度跌幅,首尔公寓价格环比下跌1.24%,降幅超过整体,连续第9个月下跌。</p><p>牛津研究院最新一份报告预测,加拿大房价可能下挫30%,新西兰房价或下滑20%,澳州房价可能下降多达20%。这是2007-2008年最令人担忧的楼市前景。</p><p>雪崩之下,没有一片雪花是无辜的。当然,也包括在疫情期间大势扩张地产业务的黑石集团。苏世民已经年过7旬,经历八次大危机而不倒。希望这一次重大流动性危机也能惊险过关。</p></body></html>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1809e27051e8cdce9de7de16a0c4b29c","relate_stocks":{"159940":"金融","BX":"黑石","BK4135":"资产管理与托管银行"},"source_url":"","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1132239927","content_text":"威力有多大?黑石集团,新世纪华尔街之王,坐拥近万亿美元资产,全球最大的私募股权基金和资产管理公司。它在全球金融江湖呼风唤雨,不可一世。黑石的老板是史蒂芬.斯瓦茨曼,土生土长的犹太裔美国人。他给自己起了一个好听的中文名——苏世民。在中国,他名声大噪,是因为2020年斥资610亿元接盘潘石屹SOHO中国全部资产。疫情几年间,苏世民做了一个大胆的决定,趁着泛滥低廉的美元大肆扩张房地产业务。2021年,黑石不动产管理规模一举超过私募股权传统业务,成为集团第一大核心资产板块。2022年,不动产业务募集了335亿美元,远超过私募股权225亿美元的募集规模。一切美妙,原本以为可以继续。但音乐突然戛然而止,似乎也早已命中注定。01、挤兑风波12月1日,黑石给客户致信称,房地产收益信托基金(BRIET)12月只有占净资产规模0.3%的额度可供投资者赎回资金。而该基金赎回规则是每个月不超过净资产规模的2%,单个季度累计不超过净资产的5%。这一举措吓坏了股票市场的投资者。当夜,股价一度闪崩12%,收盘仍大跌逾7%。最近16个交易日,黑石狂泻28%。现价较历史高峰也已经大幅暴跌44%,蒸发市值450亿美元。黑石经历了一波挤兑,紧急出此下策。今年10月,投资者赎回资金申请高达18亿美元,占到公司净资产规模的2.7%。虽然额度超标,但仍然100%履约。到了11月,更多投资者要求赎回,黑石遭遇困境,仅仅受理了43%的申请,总计13亿美元。基金投资者愈发恐慌,12月赎回卖盘蜂拥而入。黑石招架不住,出现了流动性危机征兆,赎回额比例从2%骤降至0.3%。黑石自己也承认手里可以直接动用的流动性资金并不多,仅仅93亿美元。如果有需要,就得卖出手里握有的90亿美元的债券。为了应对挤兑危机,黑石方面开始行动卖出不动产。12月2日,该公司宣布,拟作价12.7亿美元将美高梅大酒店和曼德勒海湾度假村的49.9%股份卖给VICI,后者也持有这两个拉斯维加斯知名地标的剩余股权,收购后将全资拥有这两个地标房产。如果投资者继续大规模撤资,黑石恐怕将面临恒大一样的遭遇。要知道,黑石房地产收益信托基金规模高达1250亿美元,投资领域均是流动性极差的不动产,包括公寓楼、工业办公园区、赌场、物流设施等等。而从2017年成立以来,BRIET基金有辉煌的战绩——年化收益率高达13%,同时分红收益率为4.4%。如此亮眼、如此稳定的业绩表现,为何投资者会大规模挤兑呢?在我看来,聪明投资者高位套现,落袋为安是一个尚佳决策。据黑石统计,今年以来,BRIET基金回报率高达9.3%,而同期公开交易的REIT指数下跌逾3%。另外,房地产信托基金同行Vangard旗下房地产ETF(VQN)今年总回报率为-13%。BRIET基金不在交易所交易,其不动产定价与评估都是黑石自己说了算,存在资产净值评估过高的风险。参照同行而言,BRIET基金表现确实太过于乐观了。对于投资者而言,今年盈利还不错,资产价格还被高估,不套现不离场,还等什么呢?当然,这并不是卖出基金的唯一核心理由。更为重要的是,在全球主流央行疯狂加息的大背景下,全球房地产市场将迎来严峻考验,房价下跌无法避免。黑石遭遇的流动性危机,才刚刚拉开序幕。02、楼市冰封新冠疫情期间,欧美央行开展了超大规模的货币宽松政策。廉价的货币被疯狂的印刷机不断印刷出来,涌向各类金融资产以及实体领域,造就了史无前例的资产泡沫以及40年以来最高的全球大通胀。房地产自然也会享受资本泡沫浴。据经合组织数据显示,34个成员国的平均房价较2019年上涨35%。其中在2020年3月至2022年6月,美国房价惊人上涨42%。泡沫狂欢,终究不可持续。通胀来势汹汹,美联储带领全球央行开始暴力加息。一年加7次,加息幅度可能会高达450个基点(12月预计50BP),叠加大幅缩表,货币紧转弯程度创40年最快。利率反转大规模上涨,冰冻了美国房地产市场。今年10月,美国购房者信心指数快速滑落至39,创下1980年代以来最低水平。房屋建筑商也一样,信心不足,几个月之内被腰斩。11月,NAHB房地产指数仅仅只有33,接近2020年5月新冠封锁时的最低点,低于2007年2月的水平。要知道,NAHB指数是美国房屋销售以及整体支出的一个领先指标。指数高于50,表明房地产市场在扩张,低于50表明在收缩。美国10月成屋销售总数年化录得443万户,创2011年12月以来的新低,环比下降5.9%,为连续9个月下滑,创有史以来最长连跌纪录,连跌周期甚至已超过2008年次贷危机时期。另据国际房地产公司RE/MAX调查了美国53个都会区,10月全美房屋销售总量环比下降了13.5%,同比下降了30.7%。报告还指出,待售房屋比一年前增加了36.8%,房屋上市后平均要35天才能售出。地产买卖双方信心严重不足,成交量快速冷却,亦是房价即将开始出现拐点下跌的重要信号。今年9月,美国20个大城市房价综合指数同比上涨10.4%,较前值13.1%下降2.7个百分点。环比来看,其中旧金山和西雅图房价跌幅最大,均跌2.9%,拉斯维加斯下滑2.4%,凤凰城跌幅为2.2%。美国房价见顶下跌,录得乐观跌幅将会是绝大概率事件。据毕马威首席经济学家Diane Swonk预测,2023年美国的房价或将下跌15%。摩根士丹利则认为,美国房价调整才刚刚开始,凯斯-席勒全美房价指数将于2023年同比下跌4%,2022年6月至2024年底,美国房价将由峰值下滑约10%。为什么会跌这么多?今年,30年期按揭贷款利率从年初的2.98%一路上扬至7.1%,创下2002年的新高。目前利率仍高达6.49%。这对于投资客以及刚需购房人群均会是重大打击。在高通胀的压力下,明年美联储还将维持高利率水平较长时间,对房地产的巨大压力不会锐减。2023年,美国经济可能的深度衰退,也将重创房地产市场。目前,美国经济前瞻性指标制造业PMI、服务业PMI均已经持续数月滑落至50荣枯线以内。原油市场也正在真真切切反应全球经济(包括美国)需求放缓的现实逻辑。目前,WTI原油期货价格仅为74美元,再度创下年内新低。金融指标上,2年期与10年期国债收益率近日倒挂幅度高达80个基点,创下1981年来最大的幅度。该指标往往被视为美国经济衰退的相对准确的领先信号。1988年以来,倒挂现象大致发生了4次,也都引发了后来的经济衰退与危机。从各种数据以及逻辑推演来看,美国经济将会在明年一季度开始迎来快速下滑。其实,我们从美国硅谷、华尔街的裁员潮也能端倪一二。巨擘集团们正为强化避险措施,同时也说明2023年的美国经济可能会比预期差。美国房地产市场会愈加冰封,将给黑石带来更大的冲击与麻烦。毕竟BRIET基金超过70%的资产投资于美国的西部和南部。03、尾声海外楼市泡沫一个一个破裂。在新西兰,10月房价比今年1月峰值时下跌11%。在瑞典,9月房价也比3月时的峰值回落11%。在加拿大方面,9月份全国房价环比下跌3.1%,是自1999年有可追溯数据以来的最大单月跌幅。在韩国,10月全国公寓价格环比下跌1.20%,这是自2003年11月数据统计以来的最大月度跌幅,首尔公寓价格环比下跌1.24%,降幅超过整体,连续第9个月下跌。牛津研究院最新一份报告预测,加拿大房价可能下挫30%,新西兰房价或下滑20%,澳州房价可能下降多达20%。这是2007-2008年最令人担忧的楼市前景。雪崩之下,没有一片雪花是无辜的。当然,也包括在疫情期间大势扩张地产业务的黑石集团。苏世民已经年过7旬,经历八次大危机而不倒。希望这一次重大流动性危机也能惊险过关。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":438,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9043854086,"gmtCreate":1655908658846,"gmtModify":1676535730033,"author":{"id":"3584267972657287","authorId":"3584267972657287","name":"财米游言","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f1516ab44d3460e0b97830666a8c1a44","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3584267972657287","authorIdStr":"3584267972657287"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a 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