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- 妹纸妹纸
  ·2021-06-28
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  They are all speculating on chips. What chips are lacking the most, and where are the opportunities?
  下游景气程度越高，芯片需求也会随之越高。芯片短缺已经超过半年的时间了，从去年年底到现在，芯片紧缺的程度持续在加重，全球各大晶圆代工厂、IC设计公司（包括IDM）纷纷宣布涨价，今年Q2开启第二波涨价
  They are all speculating on chips. What chips are lacking the most, and where are the opportunities?
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- 妹纸妹纸
  ·2021-06-26
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- 妹纸妹纸
  ·2021-06-26
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- 妹纸妹纸
  ·2021-06-26
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- 妹纸妹纸
  ·2021-06-26
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  Transcript of Nadella's Interview: Windows Ecosystem will be more open
  6月26日消息，微软刚刚发布了其新版旗舰操作系统Windows 11，它采用了全新的设计，增加了许多新功能，并能够运行安卓应用程序。与此同时，Windows应用程序的分发方式也发生了重大变化。微软正在
  Transcript of Nadella's Interview: Windows Ecosystem will be more open
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What chips are lacking the most, and where are the opportunities?","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1116935305","media":"格隆汇投资学苑","summary":"下游景气程度越高，芯片需求也会随之越高。\n\n芯片短缺已经超过半年的时间了，从去年年底到现在，芯片紧缺的程度持续在加重，全球各大晶圆代工厂、IC设计公司（包括IDM）纷纷宣布涨价，今年Q2开启第二波涨价","content":"<p>The higher the downstream prosperity, the higher the demand for chips. The chip shortage has been for more than half a year. From the end of last year to now, the degree of chip shortage has continued to increase. Major wafer foundries and IC design companies (including IDM) around the world have announced price increases.<b>This year's Q2 started the second wave of price increases, followed by the third wave of price increases in July. The whole industry is talking about the lack of cores. What chip is the most lacking?</b></p><p>We have mentioned many times in recent reports that from the perspective of industrial chain, wafer manufacturing in the middle reaches includes design, manufacturing, packaging and testing, among which design companies benefit most from this upward cycle of semiconductors. Due to the high downstream prosperity (especially new energy vehicles and small household appliances), design companies can well transmit the price increase in manufacturing links to the downstream. And because design companies control customers, such companies have stronger bargaining power for downstream applications in the case of shortage of market supply, which is one of the core reasons why design companies perform better in stock prices.</p><p>There are many downstream applications of semiconductors, and the direction we are concerned about today is the most scarce MCU (Micro controller Unit) at present.</p><p>MCU can be understood as a small CPU, that is, the frequency and specifications of the normal CPU are reduced, and then the memory, counter, USB, A/D conversion, UART and even LCD driver circuit are integrated on a single chip to form a microcomputer. This kind of chip can realize the function of programming and control the terminal by writing programs.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9d2d39cbf219a94c46d12deadc16e6b1\" tg-width=\"679\" tg-height=\"287\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Let's first see how scarce the MCU is now. Originally, the delivery period of 8-10 weeks was only normally required, but now it has been greatly extended, including major international manufacturers<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/0KED.UK\">Infineon</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NXPI\">NXP</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/STM\">STMicroelectronics</a>And so on, the delivery time has been greatly extended by several times.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ddc53edafefaa241dcc4e64cc3aa2d2f\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"496\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At the same time, the price of MCU is also soaring. Take STM32F103RCT6, the hot-selling model of STMicroelectronics, as an example. It was only 12.35 yuan/piece in 2019, 73.13 yuan/piece in December 2020, and 157.95 yuan/piece in May 2021, an increase of more than 10 times in two years.</p><p>From the current delivery date of products and the range of price increase, it can be seen that MCU is in a very short state at present.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/51543db28dce27f8c5038059c54b9acf\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"496\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p><b>The direction of high downstream prosperity</b></p><p>We say that the investment logic of IC design is mainly IDM mode of foreign manufacturers and Fabless mode of domestic manufacturers. For Fabless, a pure design company, the key point is to look at the prosperity of its downstream applications. Generally speaking, the higher the downstream prosperity, the higher the prosperity (that is, the demand) of chips will be. After this, look at the situation where the company can get production capacity.</p><p>The application scenarios of MCUs can be divided into several analogies, such as the Internet of Things (communication + MCU integration), consumer electronics (IoT,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/5RE.SI\">smart</a>Home and smart wearable), automotive electronics (fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles), industrial control (industrial intelligence), etc. Among them, the best ones at present are small household appliances in consumer electronics and new energy vehicles in automobiles.</p><p>Next, we'll start with<b>These two directions to see which companies will benefit from the high prosperity of small household appliances and new energy vehicles.</b></p><p><b>1. Small home appliances</b></p><p>First of all, the main companies of MCU in the field of small household appliances are<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/300327\">Zhongying Electronics</a>300327.SZ, whose main business is MCU chip design, the main direction of downstream application in the field of small household appliances, is also gradually expanding to other industrial and consumption scenarios, among which the highest market share is in the field of household appliances.</p><p>The market share of small household appliances MCU in China is about 20%, ranking in the top three; However, the market share of white goods is less than 10%. In the future, it will continue to benefit from the new demand brought by the localization of domestic downstream white goods manufacturers such as Midea and other supply chains, as well as the ASP increase brought by the upgrade of the company's products from non-frequency conversion to inverter air conditioning.</p><p>Under the development trend of intelligent and high-end home appliances, with the increasing categories of home appliances and the upgrading of home appliance MCU in the future, the company's turnover in the field of small home appliance MCU will continue to expand steadily.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5e557a603f461248f474e6f1c414531d\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"777\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Under the background of insufficient industrial capacity supply, the price of wafer manufacturers is rising. In the case of chip shortage, Zhongying is also appropriately transmitting costs to the downstream. Most products have been raised since January 1, 2021, and the price adjustment mainly reflects the increase in the upstream supply chain. If the production capacity is solved in the future, the product price may be under some slight downward adjustment pressure every year.</p><p>Since last year, Zhongying has taken corresponding measures, laid out in advance, and actively responded to upstream supply chains such as wafer fabs and packaging and testing plants to strive for production capacity. For example, most of Zhongying is foundry in 8 inches of mature processes, and a small number of chip processes have been changed from 8 inches to 12 inches for foundry, which has brought some new production capacity. However, the downstream demand of the company is strong, and the new production capacity strived for in the short term still can't digest the demand of customers' orders. The company and distributors basically have no inventory, and the shortage of MCU will continue in the short term.</p><p>On the whole, the logic of the increase in volume and price of Zhongying Electronics is relatively clear.</p><p><b>New energy vehicles</b></p><p>The global and domestic automotive MCU market is mainly composed of NXP, Renesas, Infineon,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TXN\">Texas Instruments</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MCHP\">Microchip Technology</a>Occupy, with a total market share of approximately 85%. Due to the strict quality of automotive MCU products, the certification process is complicated, the investment is large, and it is difficult to make profits in the short term. Moreover, due to the late start of domestic automotive MCU, few companies are involved in this field of business.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a99a6b9194365f8290a34c6e25986286\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"777\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At present, the companies that have mass-produced MCU in China mainly include Jiefa Technology, Shanghai Xinwang Microelectronics, Saiteng Microelectronics, Zhongwei Semiconductor and other companies. Among them,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/002594\">BYD</a>Enterprises such as Xinwangwei, Saiteng and Jiefa Technology have realized pre-installed products, but they are basically still stuck in relatively simple control applications such as windows, lighting and cooling systems, while in complex fields of power control, intelligent cockpit and ADAS. There are few applications.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4cb418fcf793a1eaee6932ee868f186a\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"496\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>While<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/688595\">Chipsea Technology</a>MCU passed the AEC-Q100 automotive grade certification in 2020,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/603986\">GigaDevice Innovation</a>Automotive-grade MCU products will enter the tape-out process around the middle of 2021, and their NOR Flash has passed automotive-grade certification.</p><p>Let's focus on GigaDevice Innovation. At present, the company's businesses with rising volume and price include DRAM, Nor Flash and MCU. Both Nor and MCU are the core chips of IoT and vehicles, which can reach the market space of 20-30 billion USD.</p><p>Taking MCU as an example, the global MCU processes are mainly concentrated in mature processes such as 180/130nm, 90nm and 40nm. Under the current situation of tight MCU production capacity, Zhaoyi quickly transferred factories by virtue of SiP packaging mode to gain capacity flexibility; In addition, the company has raised prices many times since 21 years, and the average ASP in 20 years is 4 yuan, which is expected to reach 5 yuan in 21 years, continuing to benefit from the domestic substitution dividend brought by this round of out-of-stock price increase.</p><p>In June this year, Zhaoyi also launched its own brand DRAM products. On the one hand, it was backed by Changxin to obtain technical and production capacity support. 19nm DDR4 and 17nm DDR3 have surpassed Winbond and Nanya Branch in niche market processes; On the other hand, niche DRAM is essentially similar to NOR Flash and MCU, and both have long-tail customer attributes. Zhaoyi has the most complete niche market sales channel and 20,000+ customers in China, which can empower subsequent niche DRAM sales, and it is expected that its market share will increase rapidly.</p><p>The revenue proportion of the company's MCU and Nor Flash is constantly increasing, which also proves the logic mentioned above.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c449f10b84e86419c917162399c00b86\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"496\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At present, the innovative layout of Zhaoyi has completed the synergy of three product lines of DRAM, MCU and Nor Flash. With the current industry prosperity and the strengthening of domestic substitution trend, the market space is huge, and the growth attributes of Zhaoyi in the next 2-3 years are highlighted.</p><p>In addition, in the field of MCU, downstream applications in the fields of Internet of Things, smart wearable devices, industrial control and other fields also have very obvious growth. Core token companies include Espressif Technology, Beijing Junzheng, Chipsea Technology, etc.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6deeec58253bba54c9fdde500f9ee005\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"777\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Under the general trend of intelligent electronic products, the demand for MCU in almost all electronic products will be strengthened. In the past, overseas manufacturers occupied the main market share. However, it often takes 1-2 years for these products to enter the downstream supply chain, and it is difficult for domestic manufacturers to cut into the supply chain under normal circumstances.</p><p>After years of accumulation, the technical indicators of domestic manufacturers have gradually met the needs of downstream customers. The outbreak of the epidemic + downstream demand has led to the shortage of overseas suppliers. Domestic manufacturers can deliver products with a shorter delivery time, and domestic MCU head manufacturers are accelerating the introduction of various downstream end customers, accelerating domestic substitution.</p><p>It is expected that 2021 will both achieve good performance.</p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>They are all speculating on chips. What chips are lacking the most, and where are the opportunities?</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nThey are all speculating on chips. What chips are lacking the most, and where are the opportunities?\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/3\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/5d7d04eb4f16b0013ed2c39f71b84b6c);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">格隆汇投资学苑 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2021-06-28 11:55</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>The higher the downstream prosperity, the higher the demand for chips. The chip shortage has been for more than half a year. From the end of last year to now, the degree of chip shortage has continued to increase. Major wafer foundries and IC design companies (including IDM) around the world have announced price increases.<b>This year's Q2 started the second wave of price increases, followed by the third wave of price increases in July. The whole industry is talking about the lack of cores. What chip is the most lacking?</b></p><p>We have mentioned many times in recent reports that from the perspective of industrial chain, wafer manufacturing in the middle reaches includes design, manufacturing, packaging and testing, among which design companies benefit most from this upward cycle of semiconductors. Due to the high downstream prosperity (especially new energy vehicles and small household appliances), design companies can well transmit the price increase in manufacturing links to the downstream. And because design companies control customers, such companies have stronger bargaining power for downstream applications in the case of shortage of market supply, which is one of the core reasons why design companies perform better in stock prices.</p><p>There are many downstream applications of semiconductors, and the direction we are concerned about today is the most scarce MCU (Micro controller Unit) at present.</p><p>MCU can be understood as a small CPU, that is, the frequency and specifications of the normal CPU are reduced, and then the memory, counter, USB, A/D conversion, UART and even LCD driver circuit are integrated on a single chip to form a microcomputer. This kind of chip can realize the function of programming and control the terminal by writing programs.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9d2d39cbf219a94c46d12deadc16e6b1\" tg-width=\"679\" tg-height=\"287\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Let's first see how scarce the MCU is now. Originally, the delivery period of 8-10 weeks was only normally required, but now it has been greatly extended, including major international manufacturers<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/0KED.UK\">Infineon</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NXPI\">NXP</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/STM\">STMicroelectronics</a>And so on, the delivery time has been greatly extended by several times.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ddc53edafefaa241dcc4e64cc3aa2d2f\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"496\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At the same time, the price of MCU is also soaring. Take STM32F103RCT6, the hot-selling model of STMicroelectronics, as an example. It was only 12.35 yuan/piece in 2019, 73.13 yuan/piece in December 2020, and 157.95 yuan/piece in May 2021, an increase of more than 10 times in two years.</p><p>From the current delivery date of products and the range of price increase, it can be seen that MCU is in a very short state at present.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/51543db28dce27f8c5038059c54b9acf\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"496\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p><b>The direction of high downstream prosperity</b></p><p>We say that the investment logic of IC design is mainly IDM mode of foreign manufacturers and Fabless mode of domestic manufacturers. For Fabless, a pure design company, the key point is to look at the prosperity of its downstream applications. Generally speaking, the higher the downstream prosperity, the higher the prosperity (that is, the demand) of chips will be. After this, look at the situation where the company can get production capacity.</p><p>The application scenarios of MCUs can be divided into several analogies, such as the Internet of Things (communication + MCU integration), consumer electronics (IoT,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/5RE.SI\">smart</a>Home and smart wearable), automotive electronics (fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles), industrial control (industrial intelligence), etc. Among them, the best ones at present are small household appliances in consumer electronics and new energy vehicles in automobiles.</p><p>Next, we'll start with<b>These two directions to see which companies will benefit from the high prosperity of small household appliances and new energy vehicles.</b></p><p><b>1. Small home appliances</b></p><p>First of all, the main companies of MCU in the field of small household appliances are<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/300327\">Zhongying Electronics</a>300327.SZ, whose main business is MCU chip design, the main direction of downstream application in the field of small household appliances, is also gradually expanding to other industrial and consumption scenarios, among which the highest market share is in the field of household appliances.</p><p>The market share of small household appliances MCU in China is about 20%, ranking in the top three; However, the market share of white goods is less than 10%. In the future, it will continue to benefit from the new demand brought by the localization of domestic downstream white goods manufacturers such as Midea and other supply chains, as well as the ASP increase brought by the upgrade of the company's products from non-frequency conversion to inverter air conditioning.</p><p>Under the development trend of intelligent and high-end home appliances, with the increasing categories of home appliances and the upgrading of home appliance MCU in the future, the company's turnover in the field of small home appliance MCU will continue to expand steadily.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5e557a603f461248f474e6f1c414531d\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"777\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Under the background of insufficient industrial capacity supply, the price of wafer manufacturers is rising. In the case of chip shortage, Zhongying is also appropriately transmitting costs to the downstream. Most products have been raised since January 1, 2021, and the price adjustment mainly reflects the increase in the upstream supply chain. If the production capacity is solved in the future, the product price may be under some slight downward adjustment pressure every year.</p><p>Since last year, Zhongying has taken corresponding measures, laid out in advance, and actively responded to upstream supply chains such as wafer fabs and packaging and testing plants to strive for production capacity. For example, most of Zhongying is foundry in 8 inches of mature processes, and a small number of chip processes have been changed from 8 inches to 12 inches for foundry, which has brought some new production capacity. However, the downstream demand of the company is strong, and the new production capacity strived for in the short term still can't digest the demand of customers' orders. The company and distributors basically have no inventory, and the shortage of MCU will continue in the short term.</p><p>On the whole, the logic of the increase in volume and price of Zhongying Electronics is relatively clear.</p><p><b>New energy vehicles</b></p><p>The global and domestic automotive MCU market is mainly composed of NXP, Renesas, Infineon,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TXN\">Texas Instruments</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MCHP\">Microchip Technology</a>Occupy, with a total market share of approximately 85%. Due to the strict quality of automotive MCU products, the certification process is complicated, the investment is large, and it is difficult to make profits in the short term. Moreover, due to the late start of domestic automotive MCU, few companies are involved in this field of business.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a99a6b9194365f8290a34c6e25986286\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"777\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At present, the companies that have mass-produced MCU in China mainly include Jiefa Technology, Shanghai Xinwang Microelectronics, Saiteng Microelectronics, Zhongwei Semiconductor and other companies. Among them,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/002594\">BYD</a>Enterprises such as Xinwangwei, Saiteng and Jiefa Technology have realized pre-installed products, but they are basically still stuck in relatively simple control applications such as windows, lighting and cooling systems, while in complex fields of power control, intelligent cockpit and ADAS. There are few applications.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4cb418fcf793a1eaee6932ee868f186a\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"496\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>While<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/688595\">Chipsea Technology</a>MCU passed the AEC-Q100 automotive grade certification in 2020,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/603986\">GigaDevice Innovation</a>Automotive-grade MCU products will enter the tape-out process around the middle of 2021, and their NOR Flash has passed automotive-grade certification.</p><p>Let's focus on GigaDevice Innovation. At present, the company's businesses with rising volume and price include DRAM, Nor Flash and MCU. Both Nor and MCU are the core chips of IoT and vehicles, which can reach the market space of 20-30 billion USD.</p><p>Taking MCU as an example, the global MCU processes are mainly concentrated in mature processes such as 180/130nm, 90nm and 40nm. Under the current situation of tight MCU production capacity, Zhaoyi quickly transferred factories by virtue of SiP packaging mode to gain capacity flexibility; In addition, the company has raised prices many times since 21 years, and the average ASP in 20 years is 4 yuan, which is expected to reach 5 yuan in 21 years, continuing to benefit from the domestic substitution dividend brought by this round of out-of-stock price increase.</p><p>In June this year, Zhaoyi also launched its own brand DRAM products. On the one hand, it was backed by Changxin to obtain technical and production capacity support. 19nm DDR4 and 17nm DDR3 have surpassed Winbond and Nanya Branch in niche market processes; On the other hand, niche DRAM is essentially similar to NOR Flash and MCU, and both have long-tail customer attributes. Zhaoyi has the most complete niche market sales channel and 20,000+ customers in China, which can empower subsequent niche DRAM sales, and it is expected that its market share will increase rapidly.</p><p>The revenue proportion of the company's MCU and Nor Flash is constantly increasing, which also proves the logic mentioned above.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c449f10b84e86419c917162399c00b86\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"496\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At present, the innovative layout of Zhaoyi has completed the synergy of three product lines of DRAM, MCU and Nor Flash. With the current industry prosperity and the strengthening of domestic substitution trend, the market space is huge, and the growth attributes of Zhaoyi in the next 2-3 years are highlighted.</p><p>In addition, in the field of MCU, downstream applications in the fields of Internet of Things, smart wearable devices, industrial control and other fields also have very obvious growth. Core token companies include Espressif Technology, Beijing Junzheng, Chipsea Technology, etc.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6deeec58253bba54c9fdde500f9ee005\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"777\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Under the general trend of intelligent electronic products, the demand for MCU in almost all electronic products will be strengthened. In the past, overseas manufacturers occupied the main market share. However, it often takes 1-2 years for these products to enter the downstream supply chain, and it is difficult for domestic manufacturers to cut into the supply chain under normal circumstances.</p><p>After years of accumulation, the technical indicators of domestic manufacturers have gradually met the needs of downstream customers. The outbreak of the epidemic + downstream demand has led to the shortage of overseas suppliers. Domestic manufacturers can deliver products with a shorter delivery time, and domestic MCU head manufacturers are accelerating the introduction of various downstream end customers, accelerating domestic substitution.</p><p>It is expected that 2021 will both achieve good performance.</p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/03e38a3a3c63bd5a9d8d8ca2d384d1c5","relate_stocks":{"159813":"芯片"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1116935305","content_text":"下游景气程度越高，芯片需求也会随之越高。\n\n芯片短缺已经超过半年的时间了，从去年年底到现在，芯片紧缺的程度持续在加重，全球各大晶圆代工厂、IC设计公司（包括IDM）纷纷宣布涨价，今年Q2开启第二波涨价，紧接着在7月份又将迎来第三波的涨价。整个行业都在说缺芯，到底什么芯片最缺呢？\n我们在最近的报告里多次提到，从产业链的角度来看，中游的晶圆制造里包括设计、制造和封测，这里面在本轮半导体向上周期里最受益的是设计公司。由于下游景气度高企（尤其是新能源车和小家电），设计公司能很好的将制造环节价格的上涨传导到下游。并且由于设计公司掌握着客户，在市场供给紧缺的情况下，这类公司对下游应用端有更强的议价能力，这也是为什么设计公司在股价上表现更佳的核心原因之一。\n半导体的下游应用非常多，而我们今天关注的方向，就是当下最紧缺的MCU，（Micro controller Unit，微控制单元）。\n可以把MCU理解为是一个小型的CPU，也就是把正常CPU的频率、规格做一些缩减，然后将内存、计数器、USB、A/D转换、UART甚至包括LCD驱动电路等都整合在单一的芯片上，形成一个微型的计算机。这种芯片可以实现编程的功能，通过写入程序对终端进行控制。\n\n先看看MCU现在紧缺到什么程度。原本正常只需要8-10周的交期，现在大幅延长，国际大厂包括英飞凌、恩智浦、意法半导体等都出现交期大幅延长数倍的情况。\n\n与此同时，MCU的价格也在飞涨，以意法半导体的热销型号STM32F103RCT6为例，19年的时候仅为12.35元/片，20年12月为73.13元/片，21年5月达到了157.95元/片，两年超过10倍的涨幅。\n从产品现在的交期和价格上涨的幅度，可以看出目前MCU是处于非常紧缺的状态的。\n\n下游景气度高企的方向\n我们说IC设计的投资逻辑，国外厂商IDM模式为主，国内厂商Fabless模式为主，而对于Fabless这种纯设计的公司，很关键的一点是要看它下游应用的景气程度。一般来说，下游景气程度越高，芯片的景气度（也就是需求）也会随之越高。而在这之后，再去看公司能获得产能的情况。\nMCU的应用场景可以分为几个类比，如物联网（通信+MCU集成）、消费电子（IoT，智能家居与智能穿戴）、汽车电子（燃油车及新能源车）、工业控制（工业智能化）等。其中当前景气度最佳的是消费电子中的小家电和汽车里的新能源车。\n接下来我们就从这两个方向去看看哪些公司将受益于小家电和新能源车的高景气度。\n1、小家电\n首先来看小家电领域MCU的主要公司为中颖电子300327.SZ，主营业务是MCU芯片设计，下游应用的主要方向的小家电领域，同时也在逐步拓展至其他工业和消费场景，其中市占率最高的是家电领域。\n在国内小家电MCU的市场份额约为20%，处于前三的位置；但在白色家电的市占率不足10%，未来将持续受益于国内下游白色家电厂商如美的等供应链国产化带来的新增需求，以及公司产品由非变频向变频空调升级带来的ASP提高。\n在家电智能化、高端化的发展趋势下，未来随着家电品类的不断增多以及家电MCU的更新换代，公司在小家电MCU领域的营业额也将继续稳步扩大。\n\n在产业产能供应不足的大背景下，晶圆制造厂价格在上涨，在芯片紧缺的情况下，中颖也在适当向下游传导成本，大部分产品从2021年1月1日起提过价，调价主要反应上游供应链调涨幅度。未来如产能得到解决之后，产品价格可能会每年有些微向下调整的压力。\n中颖自去年起已采取因应措施，提前布局，积极应对晶圆厂、封装测试厂等上游供应链争取产能，如中颖大部分都是在成熟制程的8吋做晶圆代工，小部分芯片制程由8吋转至12吋做晶圆代工部分，带来一些新增的产能。但公司下游需求旺盛，短期争取的新增产能还是无法消化客户订单需求，公司和经销商基本没库存，短期内MCU紧缺的情况还将继续。\n整体来看，中颖电子量价齐升的逻辑还是比较清晰的。\n2、新能源汽车\n全球以及国内车载MCU市场主要由恩智浦、瑞萨、英飞凌、德州仪器、微芯科技占领，共占约85%市场份额。由于汽车级MCU产品品质严苛，认证过程很复杂，投入大，短期内难有盈利，并且由于国内车载MCU起步晚，较少公司涉及该领域业务。\n\n目前国内MCU已量产的公司主要有：杰发科技、上海芯旺微电子、赛腾微电子、中微半导体等公司。其中，比亚迪、芯旺微、赛腾、杰发科技等企业已经实现前装产品，但基本还停留在车窗、照明、冷却系统等相对简单的控制应用上，而在动力控制、智能座舱、ADAS复杂领域的应用较少。\n\n而芯海科技MCU于2020年通过AEC-Q100车规级认证，兆易创新车规级MCU产品2021年中左右进入流片环节，其NOR Flash已经通过车规级认证。\n我们来重点说说兆易创新。目前公司即将迎来量价齐升的业务包括DRAM、Nor Flash和MCU，Nor和MCU均为IoT和车用的核心主芯片可以触及到200-300亿美元的市场空间。\n以MCU为例，全球MCU制程主要集中在180/130nm、90nm和40nm等成熟制程范围，在当前MCU产能紧张情况下，兆易凭借SiP封装模式快速转厂获得产能弹性；另外，在公司自21年以来多次上调价格，20年平均ASP为4元，预计21年有望达到5元，持续受益于这一轮缺货涨价带来的国产替代红利。\n兆易在今年6月还推出自主品牌DRAM产品，一方面背靠长鑫获得技术和产能上支持，19nm DDR4和17nm DDR3在利基市场制程上已经超过华邦电和南亚科；另一方面，利基DRAM本质上与NOR Flash和MCU类似，均具有长尾客户属性，兆易拥有全国最完善的利基市场销售渠道和2万+客户，可以为后续利基DRAM销售赋能，预计市占率将快速提升。\n公司MCU和Nor Flash的营收占比在不断提升，也证明到了前面说的逻辑。\n\n兆易创新布局目前完成DRAM、MCU和Nor Flash三条产品线协同，在当前行业景气度和国产替代趋势加强的情况下，市场空间极大，兆易未来2-3年成长属性凸显。\n除此之外，在MCU领域，下游在物联网、智能可穿戴设备、工业控制等领域的应用也有非常明显的增长核心的代币公司包括乐鑫科技、北京君正、芯海科技等。\n\n在电子产品智能化的大趋势下，几乎所有电子产品对MCU的需求都会加强，以往都是海外大厂占据了主要的市场份额。但由于这些产品进入下游供应链往往需要1-2年的时间，而且正常情况下国内厂商很难切入供应链。\n国内的厂商经过多年的积累，产品技术指标已经逐步满足下游客户的需求，此次疫情+下游需求爆发，导致海外供应商缺货。而国内厂商能以更短的交期交付产品，国内MCU头部厂商正在加速导入下游各类的终端客户，加速了国产替代。\n预计2021年都将取得不错的业绩表现。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"159813":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1323,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":124086165,"gmtCreate":1624707303157,"gmtModify":1703843946006,"author":{"id":"4087794899384430","authorId":"4087794899384430","name":"妹纸","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/cb7337c0390b8e50d433d9301a866f95","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"4087794899384430","authorIdStr":"4087794899384430"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"?","listText":"?","text":"?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/124086165","repostId":"1164261362","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1480,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":124086301,"gmtCreate":1624707283903,"gmtModify":1703843946168,"author":{"id":"4087794899384430","authorId":"4087794899384430","name":"妹纸","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/cb7337c0390b8e50d433d9301a866f95","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"4087794899384430","authorIdStr":"4087794899384430"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"?","listText":"?","text":"?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/124086301","repostId":"1164261362","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1628,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":124086935,"gmtCreate":1624707271727,"gmtModify":1703843945510,"author":{"id":"4087794899384430","authorId":"4087794899384430","name":"妹纸","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/cb7337c0390b8e50d433d9301a866f95","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"4087794899384430","authorIdStr":"4087794899384430"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"?","listText":"?","text":"?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/124086935","repostId":"1164261362","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1665,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":124088353,"gmtCreate":1624706986772,"gmtModify":1703843944212,"author":{"id":"4087794899384430","authorId":"4087794899384430","name":"妹纸","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/cb7337c0390b8e50d433d9301a866f95","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"4087794899384430","authorIdStr":"4087794899384430"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"?","listText":"?","text":"?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/124088353","repostId":"1183924667","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1183924667","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1624684540,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1183924667?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-06-26 13:15","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"Transcript of Nadella's Interview: Windows Ecosystem will be more open","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1183924667","media":"腾讯科技","summary":"6月26日消息，微软刚刚发布了其新版旗舰操作系统Windows 11，它采用了全新的设计，增加了许多新功能，并能够运行安卓应用程序。与此同时，Windows应用程序的分发方式也发生了重大变化。微软正在","content":"<p>June 26th news,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MSFT\">Microsoft</a>Just released its new version of its flagship operating system, Windows 11, which features a completely new design, adds many new features and is able to run Android apps. At the same time, there has been a major change in the way Windows applications are distributed. Microsoft is opening up the Windows App Store, allowing developers to have a larger variety of apps on store shelves, and developers can also use their own payment system, so they don't have to pay Microsoft commissions.</p><p>Recently, concerning<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a>The high commissions charged by the app store and the company's tight controls on developers on its platform have sparked a lot of controversy, as well as lawsuits, congressional legislation and even the attention of European regulators. While Microsoft and its CEO Satya Nadella have repositioned for Windows, saying that the Windows ecosystem will be more open and that Windows aims to allow other companies to build their vast businesses and platforms without Microsoft obstruction.</p><p>For Apple and Microsoft, this sounds like a complete reversal of attitudes. Twenty years ago, when the Mac was a relatively open platform, Microsoft was facing tremendous pressure from regulators. After Microsoft released Windows 11, Nadella accepted an exclusive interview with the American media, talking about the completely different strategy from Apple, how he views the responsibilities Microsoft needs to undertake when Windows is used as a platform, and how he thinks various anti-trust legislation in Congress will affect Microsoft's future plans.</p><p>The following is the full text of Nadella's exclusive interview:</p><p>Q: Microsoft just released Windows 11, and there's certainly a lot to talk about, but I want to start this conversation with some personal issues. You only recently became chairman of Microsoft and also served as CEO. What does it really mean to be chairman?</p><p>Nadella: As you know, the reality is, at least when it comes to corporate governance in the United States, the ones who really have absolute power over all members of management are the independent directors, who can decide issues including my appointment and removal, compensation, and performance. Basically, they can decide whether to hire or fire me. Independent directors are the ones who truly have the power of corporate governance. If anything after becoming chairman, my reading of these changes is, fundamentally, how do we bring the management team and the board together around Microsoft's goals and strategy? How do we take responsibility for ourselves as a team?</p><p>So, like someone described it to me, maybe I should be in more meetings, or maybe more board meetings. But I think it's just a natural result of what I've always been doing for the past seven years. Frankly, there hasn't really been a change in the rigor of corporate governance and who really has the power to hire and fire CEOs. This is the power of the independent directors of Microsoft's board of directors.</p><p>Q: Which leads straight to my next question, which is who is your boss? Who are you most responsible for?</p><p>Nadella: In a sense, boards and independent directors can decide everything. If your boss is defined as someone who can ultimately hold you accountable, then for Microsoft, a boss is an independent director on Microsoft's board of directors.</p><p>Q: I have asked many executives this question: What is your decision-making framework? Microsoft is a huge business with a lot of different businesses, and each one is very large, how do you guys make decisions?</p><p>Nadella: I try to simplify the situation. I have this framework myself, and I've always followed it since I became CEO. The decision-making process starts first with following Microsoft's mission and ends with following the corporate culture, in the middle is our worldview, our strategic thinking. I think what lasts is a sense of mission, purpose, and culture, while what changes is a worldview and strategy.</p><p>Your take on the decision framework: Anything we do has to be consistent with the first question, which is: does this matter make sense considering us as a company? More importantly, if we do, will it add value that is unique in the world? Is this something that will both set us apart from the competition and be useful to people? For me, this is the most helpful way to see if we expand into new business.</p><p>As for \"what does a CEO do?\", they have to pick and choose areas where the entire company needs to engage. They then have to set standards for cultural values that are expressed internally in their lived experiences. These are the two principles that I always follow.</p><p>Q: Let's talk about a big decision! Years ago, you said, \"We can rename Windows to Azure Edge, which is just an extension of our huge business, Azure. We are in a world that is mobile-first, cloud-first.\" In 2019, you also said in an interview, \"Operating systems are no longer the most important business for us.\"</p><p>But you guys released Windows 11 these days, and I listened to you and Microsoft Chief Product Officer Panos Panay talk about how the COVID-19 pandemic has brought your attention back to Windows and what it might do about it. Tell us about this transformation process.</p><p>Nadella: All of these claims I said earlier are still true because Windows does not exist in isolation. Windows lives in a world where cloud computing is heavily used. Now, there are multiple cloud computing service providers and a large number of cloud computing services. So any client operating system will eventually meet cloud computing. In this sense, Windows needs to be in line with cloud computing and edge computing, both in terms of technology and business model, and usage and experience.</p><p>To be sure, from a distributed computing architecture perspective, more than 1 billion Windows users are also Azure users. You could even say that Windows users would see Azure as a cloud computing service for Windows. So, I think my statement is completely correct.</p><p>Another point is that Windows is also a complete ecosystem, after all, it has 1 billion users. The same goes for Android and iOS. In fact, Android and iOS will probably have over a billion users, or Android has 2 billion, and maybe iOS has about the same user size as Windows. But the reality is that for any Windows user, we have to first assume that they have a phone that may be running Android and iOS, and we have to take that into account.</p><p>I do think that operating systems are important, and they are, because they form an important part of our lives, whether it's other devices with other operating systems installed, or the cloud computing services I use, they power a lot of applications and experiences. This is a reality that cannot be ignored. Let's meet the needs of Windows users where they are, with their current needs and unmet, unexpressible needs.</p><p>Q: Do you think it was the pandemic that pushed Windows in a different direction? For the most part, that's how I feel. Everyone works from home and spends a lot more time staring at their Windows laptops every day than before.</p><p>Nadella: Absolutely, there's no doubt about it. What happened during the pandemic, even for me (I don't have a home office) was sudden. I found myself needing more than just a home office. All my children are at home and they need to have their own separate computers. Without PCs, we can't do remote education, remote work, telemedicine, and it becomes a critical necessity.</p><p>All screens in life matter. As a result, the realization that the big screen running Windows is important because not all tasks can be done on mobile devices is becoming increasingly common. We are coming out of the pandemic and I would say that we re-appreciate why we need to do some really good work to serve the customers that we have today.</p><p>This is why I considered making improvements to Windows Update. I want to celebrate this as much as any newly introduced feature because it matters. It's important to our users, who tell me explicitly in my inbox every day what I should do with Windows Update, and I'm taking that seriously now.</p><p>Q: I like the idea that you and your family are at home and all of a sudden Windows Update becomes more real for all of us. My team always told me that as long as it was about me, it became so much more important. Has anything like this ever happened?</p><p>Nadella: Indeed. Though I have to admit that people inside the company are more responsible than waiting for the CEO to experience it firsthand. We have better systems, better accountability systems. But having said that, if I went back to your decision framework question, I think I would have a better understanding of the role that Windows has taken on in the world after this pandemic. What should we do as an ecosystem, as an operating system, to serve our current customers and meet their expectations? Windows Update is an example. Furthermore, what should its innovation vehicle be? Where is the world headed?</p><p>Q: Which brings me to a lot of the big changes to Windows that are fundamentally about what kind of operating system Windows is going to be, what kind of business you can run on it, and what kind of business that is going to be for Microsoft. It has a new user interface with the start button located in the center of the screen. It also makes a difference on the outside.</p><p>At the same time, you also allow Android apps to run on Windows, and you are integrating<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMZN\">Amazon</a>The Android App Store. You made some changes to the store economy by reducing the Microsoft commission to 15%. This stands in stark contrast to Apple's very controversial 30% rate.</p><p>Then you say to developers, \"You can use your own payment system and you don't have to pay Microsoft a commission.\" How much of this is an opportunistic change? You see all this controversy, you sense the market opportunity? How much of this is the right way to move business?</p><p>Nadella: I think it's driven by competition. I mean, what should Microsoft do to manage the platform and set platform rules for us to continue to thrive in this role? My understanding of platforms is this: they have to create opportunities for the people who create content on them.</p><p>This is the way to keep the platform relevant. If you're creating a great opportunity for other people to be born on your platform and scale on your platform, that's what I'm familiar with Microsoft and Windows. Whether<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/ADBE\">Adobe</a>This is true of employees creating their Creative Cloud, SAP building their ERP [Enterprise Resource Planning] business, or building their community for gamers on Windows.</p><p>In my opinion, how do we make Windows more dynamic in the future? I sense a real opportunity because the other two larger ecosystems, for a range of reasons that are consistent within them, have, in my opinion at least, conflated the platform and aggregation layer with a set of rules. But there is no reason such rules are needed, they can be broken down. After all, we do run the app store. We do have business dealings. You can use it or you can build your own app store. It's a very practical thing for Microsoft.</p><p>I don't even want to make a statement that Microsoft platforms meet ethical rules when other companies aren't. Others choose the Microsoft platform for many reasons, including from design choices, or business model choices, etc. I wanted to make our own set of design and business model choices so creators could find more options. That's the competition.</p><p>Q: You mentioned two other platforms that are larger, obviously iOS and Android. Then, you mentioned their pattern of making decisions for internally aligned reasons. Apple has made its internally consistent rationale very clear that the app store covers the entire platform.</p><p>The most compelling reason is that this is the price Apple pays to distribute the software for free. iOS updates are available to everyone for free throughout the life of the phone, and the phone lasts a long time.</p><p>To get all these innovations, software and security updates, among other things, Apple gets a piece of the App Store revenue, which is Apple's business model. The same goes for Microsoft Windows, where users can update to Windows 11 for free. How do you pay for these updates if you don't want a piece of the pie?</p><p>Nadella: We have different business models. In many cases, we have subscriptions. We also have original equipment manufacturer (OEM) licensing fees. Apple apparently makes a profit by selling devices. I think everyone has to ultimately have a business model that allows them to pay for what they do. I think it's just a question of where do you make money from and what are the rules that through other people you can make money? They must be long-term stable.</p><p>In our Microsoft case, I've always argued that at least the definition of a platform is: if something bigger than a platform can't be born, then it isn't a platform. The network grew up on Windows. Amazon can't exist if we say \"all commerce is mediated through us\". So I think every company has to choose and look at which aggregation layer, which platform layer, and what rules work for them and their ecosystem. But, at Microsoft, it's clear to us that we do want to address the same security issues and discoverability issues, because that's one of the reasons why we emphasize running an app store.</p><p>At the same time, different creators can use the app store at different levels. We want this flexibility to be a competitive differentiation.</p><p>Q: You mentioned the rules. Let's say I'm a vice president at Microsoft, and the goal this year is to increase sign-ups for a feature by 30%. The easiest way for me is to go to the Windows team and tell them, \"Every time you open Windows, show people this feature to help push.\" That's the pressure every operating system feels.</p><p>Windows certainly also feels this thrust and pull. For example, the Edge team wants Edge to become the default browser of Windows. How do you balance this internal pressure with wanting to be an open platform so that competitors can succeed on Microsoft's own products?</p><p>Nadella: Those are two different things. First, you curate a series of experiences that work well with each other, and then allow others to offer experiences that might be substitutes for something. The question is, are you only allowing this through your own app store or other regulations, or can this happen independently of you? Take the browser, for example, which belongs to the default setting. But you don't just have to use Microsoft's browser, you can download it<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GOOG\">Google</a>Or browsers such as Firefox. It is, in a sense, the ability to give consumers direct choices.</p><p>We want to be a platform for platform creators, not just an app platform for everyone else. That's the nuance we want to point out, which is: I want us to do a good job of being a platform, which means the platform needs to do everything. We'll have app stores, have our own default browsers, and design certain things ourselves. But if someone else can get into our platform and create a lot of value on our platform and use it as an infrastructure (like an operating system), that's also totally fine.</p><p>By the way, this is also how we run our cloud computing business. It was no different for us. We have layers in the cloud from application to infrastructure, and different application developers and companies use it in different ways.</p><p>Q: Interestingly, you talked about browsers. Microsoft fought a famous antitrust war about bundling the browser with Windows and setting it as the default browser. Now it feels like the rules in this area are a little clearer, and there are a lot of changes in Windows regarding the browser default settings.</p><p>Is there anything less clear? Do you have any internal rules? Do you have a culture that says, \"Okay. We can set defaults, but Windows Teams needs to set other platforms and other services as defaults.\"</p><p>Nadella: There's no doubt about that. But, first of all, anything we learned from antitrust cases in the' 90s meant that you just had to be an open platform. Some things are built into the operating system. If something is independent of the operating system, then something else can be completely replaced without compromising the integrity of the system.</p><p>Even communications (whether Slack,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/ZM\">Zoom</a>, or anything else), they can all be the best on Windows. In a sense, we're not restricting other people's software from being available on Windows. We do have a distribution advantage, but that doesn't mean others don't have an advantage of their own. For me, whenever I visit Google's website, they are very aware of their distribution advantages, even on Windows PCs. There's no getting away with it, and that's nothing.</p><p>Q: How many times a day do you visit Google sites?</p><p>Nadella: YouTube is probably the one that pops up the most in my Bing searches, I think.</p><p>Q: Speaking of Google, you're bringing Windows closer to Android. This has been going on for a while now. One of the biggest announcements of Windows 11 is that Android apps will work directly on Windows. What are the pros and cons of this decision?</p><p>Nadella: Interestingly, the Windows architecture always has that feature. You can have multiple accounts in Windows. In fact, I remember originally coming to work at Microsoft as I was promoting the POSIX interface work on Windows NT. Now, one of my favorite Windows features is WSL. I love it. New terminals, as well as now we even support the full Linux UI on Windows. Linux is now the best-in-class system on Windows, while Android is just another subsystem.</p><p>Our decision was based on, what is the best way to make more apps available to our users? How do we add value to the 1.3 billion Windows users who may need more apps? That's the side of the problem. On the other hand, by pushing Android apps to a user base of over 1 billion, more opportunities can be created for people who develop Android apps. I think both sides benefit from this, and for that it's a win-win decision. Now, it will depend on what is being adopted, what use cases are there, what apps they want to use, whether it is Android on Windows or PWAS, UWP, and what you have. We will take this open approach and we welcome all applications.</p><p>Q: What's the best objection you've heard?</p><p>Nadella: I think there's always the argument, \"Do we have to have consistent application patterns?\"</p><p>Because if you think about innovation, is there a unified NUI or AI chip? How can I activate the app's API so that the app can take advantage of it? When you have multiple subsystems and multiple app versions, can you bring your platform system-level innovation to the surface and bring all the applications to the fore?</p><p>In a world like this, this would be a fundamental challenge, but we feel there are ways to deal with it. One of my thoughts on this is that you can launch Android, PWA or UWP apps on Windows for some new AI API in the future and even today. At Microsoft, we build apps for iOS, Android as well as Windows, which is one of our fundamental challenges. We're trying to make sure that as developers, we can leverage as many public codebases as possible, as many cloud computing services as possible.</p><p>Q: Android apps work on Android, work on Chrome OS, and will work on Windows. Do you think they're going to be a minimum requirement environment for developers? These developers just want to do everything right without opening up opportunities for native app development.</p><p>Nadella: I think, whether it's web or Android, they're going to get you to multiple places faster, and then you're going to optimize on those platforms based on the feedback that users tell you, because the last thing anyone wants is an app that nobody uses or nobody likes. So, at the end of the day, it has to be competitive.</p><p>Q: We've covered a lot of Android apps on ChromeOS that aren't performing very well. What makes these better?</p><p>Nadella: I'm most interested in what app developers will start doing once they launch Android apps on Windows. And then will they expand it to take advantage of some local capabilities? Could just the work we do at the system level, and all the stuff it inherits, make this possible? Let's say, how can I get the \"<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NYT\">The New York Times</a>\"or the Wall Street Journal app, and then see it next to the PWA app? With all the window work, it works beautifully. Now the question is, what is the user experience? They'll tell us with their clicks.</p><p>Q: You're partnering with Amazon to distribute Amazon apps. You said at the launch event that other Android app stores are welcome to participate in the Windows distribution system. The Amazon App Store is currently heavily focused on Amazon's own Fire tablets and products, which aren't doing too well.</p><p>It certainly doesn't have the sales volume that Google Play Store offers for Android apps. Do you think things will get better? Do you think it's good enough now? Talk about your partnership.</p><p>Nadella: I think it's a good place for us to start, and I hope more developers even see the Amazon App Store as a way to reach more users. I hope this is good for them and for us. Like I said, if this works, I think even Google will be tempted! If they feel like this is a way to increase Android app usage, we would welcome any other app store. Of course, there are parts of the world that already have plenty of alternatives to the Android App Store, and they're even bigger than the Google App Store. So we'll also see what happens in this dynamic.</p><p>Q: You're browsing Amazon's app terms, which probably won't get in the way of this partnership. This is their app store. If Google comes along, they will also have their own store and their own economy. So do you think the terms there will be competitive? Will they fight to win over developers?</p><p>Nadella: That's actually a fascinating question. That's the problem, right? On Windows, there are a lot of app stores and there should be competition in this space. It's kind of like having multiple operating systems, what would it look like if there were multiple markets that were dynamic and competitive on any given operating system? You've seen this effect in games for Windows, and I hope that now we can see it on all app categories.</p><p>Q: You have reduced the commission rate on the Microsoft App Store to 15%. Do you think developers should pay that money to Microsoft instead of launching their own payment system?</p><p>Nadella: All the things that people expect in the app store today will give you peace of mind because someone will manage the app, look at the security of the app and then make it easy for you to find the app you want. And then, of course, there is business capability involved. All of this comes at a real cost.</p><p>We don't see the App Store as a standalone business, it's a utility that adds value to the operating system. Currently, the app store needs to be an integral part of the operating system. We couldn't agree more on that. Only there's a question: Should there be competition and flexibility? Even there, we have our own rules. Other platforms may have other rules and users will make a choice.</p><p><b>Q: The U.S. Congress is debating antitrust bills on digital markets, some of which are even directly targeted at the ecosystems of Apple and Google, and other legislation is targeting other parts of the technology stack. Do you think Microsoft will be under fire for what it does in Azure or Windows?</b></p><p>NADELLA: Any rules that councillors propose will apply to every industry player. As a result, Microsoft will become an integral part. The question is which proposals will eventually become law. Then, we look at Microsoft's relationship to this legislation. Digital technology, I think, comes in these two forms: the first I call it a factor of production, it is an input into someone else's creation. The second is the distribution factor. There is no better word to describe it now. It is about matching supply and demand.</p><p>The operating system is actually an input for someone else's creation, while the app store is more of a distribution capability. You combine the two, establish rules, and then create their own superimposed effects around what's happening in the competitive ecosystem around you. So I think that's where people look at this from a legislative perspective. They ask \"Which set of rules will create the most surpluses in the wider economy?\" That's a good thing.</p><p>I think competition has always been the best motivator to help capitalism move forward, and we will be subject to the same rules as everyone else.</p><p><b>Q: You mentioned the ecosystem, and I wanted to ask you about the role Microsoft plays in the broader ecosystem. Most people will not experience Windows on Microsoft hardware. Surface products are great, but most people use other companies 'chips on other companies' laptops to experience Windows.</b></p><p><b>Some parts of this ecosystem are doing well, but some are lagging behind. I was curious how you saw how to do the same with<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/INTC\">Intel</a>The potential for collaboration and their roadmap, and all the things you might want to do with custom AI hardware and other features you discuss.</b></p><p>Nadella: First of all, it's pretty critical for us to work with Intel, and we're excited about Pat Gelsinger (Intel's new CEO) and his team and their innovation roadmap, and we're definitely going to work deeply with them, and we're working with<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMD\">AMD</a>And<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/QCOM\">Qualcomm</a>It will be the same.</p><p>As an example: personal computers have always represented a very broad design field, whether it be wafer innovation, board-level innovation, ASICs, how they are assembled, and<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NVDA\">NVIDIA</a>What's been done on the GPU etc. That's why we make amazing gaming PCs, laptops, desktops.</p><p>I think I'll be very excited over the next 10 years when we see Gelsinger talk about future plans. What level of innovation will allow us to rethink the operating system, and what will allow for vibrant competition and innovation? I look at the innovations of Intel, Qualcomm, AMB, as well as Nvidia, and say, \"I want to do a great job of bringing all the innovations into reality through Windows and then presenting it to developers.\" You take your UWP, PWA, Android apps and light up silicon wafer innovation with Windows. This is the opportunity I see. Our<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DELL\">Dell</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/HPQ\">HP</a>And OEM partners like Lenovo are excited about it.</p><p><b>Q: Microsoft has only launched one Android device so far, the Surface Duo. Are you guys planning on rolling out more?</b></p><p>Nadella: I don't think the Surface Duo is a replacement for the phone. Even though sometimes I dream it is a cell phone, it is not a cell phone after all. It does have a call-and-take feature, but if we were trying to launch a phone, we wouldn't build it and we wanted to see what happened next.</p><p>I love the Surface Duo because it's definitely my notebook, the Moleskine I carry with me. I do use it as a cell phone, but that is unique. This is not the best use case. But my goodness, do I really enjoy reading Kindle and taking OneNote notes on one screen? This is my killer app. We built it for that. I want to keep innovating in this area. Whether it's the HoloLens or the Surface Duo, I hope we can continue to innovate in form and function.</p>","source":"txkj","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Transcript of Nadella's Interview: Windows Ecosystem will be more open</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nTranscript of Nadella's Interview: Windows Ecosystem will be more open\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">腾讯科技</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-06-26 13:15</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>June 26th news,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MSFT\">Microsoft</a>Just released its new version of its flagship operating system, Windows 11, which features a completely new design, adds many new features and is able to run Android apps. At the same time, there has been a major change in the way Windows applications are distributed. Microsoft is opening up the Windows App Store, allowing developers to have a larger variety of apps on store shelves, and developers can also use their own payment system, so they don't have to pay Microsoft commissions.</p><p>Recently, concerning<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a>The high commissions charged by the app store and the company's tight controls on developers on its platform have sparked a lot of controversy, as well as lawsuits, congressional legislation and even the attention of European regulators. While Microsoft and its CEO Satya Nadella have repositioned for Windows, saying that the Windows ecosystem will be more open and that Windows aims to allow other companies to build their vast businesses and platforms without Microsoft obstruction.</p><p>For Apple and Microsoft, this sounds like a complete reversal of attitudes. Twenty years ago, when the Mac was a relatively open platform, Microsoft was facing tremendous pressure from regulators. After Microsoft released Windows 11, Nadella accepted an exclusive interview with the American media, talking about the completely different strategy from Apple, how he views the responsibilities Microsoft needs to undertake when Windows is used as a platform, and how he thinks various anti-trust legislation in Congress will affect Microsoft's future plans.</p><p>The following is the full text of Nadella's exclusive interview:</p><p>Q: Microsoft just released Windows 11, and there's certainly a lot to talk about, but I want to start this conversation with some personal issues. You only recently became chairman of Microsoft and also served as CEO. What does it really mean to be chairman?</p><p>Nadella: As you know, the reality is, at least when it comes to corporate governance in the United States, the ones who really have absolute power over all members of management are the independent directors, who can decide issues including my appointment and removal, compensation, and performance. Basically, they can decide whether to hire or fire me. Independent directors are the ones who truly have the power of corporate governance. If anything after becoming chairman, my reading of these changes is, fundamentally, how do we bring the management team and the board together around Microsoft's goals and strategy? How do we take responsibility for ourselves as a team?</p><p>So, like someone described it to me, maybe I should be in more meetings, or maybe more board meetings. But I think it's just a natural result of what I've always been doing for the past seven years. Frankly, there hasn't really been a change in the rigor of corporate governance and who really has the power to hire and fire CEOs. This is the power of the independent directors of Microsoft's board of directors.</p><p>Q: Which leads straight to my next question, which is who is your boss? Who are you most responsible for?</p><p>Nadella: In a sense, boards and independent directors can decide everything. If your boss is defined as someone who can ultimately hold you accountable, then for Microsoft, a boss is an independent director on Microsoft's board of directors.</p><p>Q: I have asked many executives this question: What is your decision-making framework? Microsoft is a huge business with a lot of different businesses, and each one is very large, how do you guys make decisions?</p><p>Nadella: I try to simplify the situation. I have this framework myself, and I've always followed it since I became CEO. The decision-making process starts first with following Microsoft's mission and ends with following the corporate culture, in the middle is our worldview, our strategic thinking. I think what lasts is a sense of mission, purpose, and culture, while what changes is a worldview and strategy.</p><p>Your take on the decision framework: Anything we do has to be consistent with the first question, which is: does this matter make sense considering us as a company? More importantly, if we do, will it add value that is unique in the world? Is this something that will both set us apart from the competition and be useful to people? For me, this is the most helpful way to see if we expand into new business.</p><p>As for \"what does a CEO do?\", they have to pick and choose areas where the entire company needs to engage. They then have to set standards for cultural values that are expressed internally in their lived experiences. These are the two principles that I always follow.</p><p>Q: Let's talk about a big decision! Years ago, you said, \"We can rename Windows to Azure Edge, which is just an extension of our huge business, Azure. We are in a world that is mobile-first, cloud-first.\" In 2019, you also said in an interview, \"Operating systems are no longer the most important business for us.\"</p><p>But you guys released Windows 11 these days, and I listened to you and Microsoft Chief Product Officer Panos Panay talk about how the COVID-19 pandemic has brought your attention back to Windows and what it might do about it. Tell us about this transformation process.</p><p>Nadella: All of these claims I said earlier are still true because Windows does not exist in isolation. Windows lives in a world where cloud computing is heavily used. Now, there are multiple cloud computing service providers and a large number of cloud computing services. So any client operating system will eventually meet cloud computing. In this sense, Windows needs to be in line with cloud computing and edge computing, both in terms of technology and business model, and usage and experience.</p><p>To be sure, from a distributed computing architecture perspective, more than 1 billion Windows users are also Azure users. You could even say that Windows users would see Azure as a cloud computing service for Windows. So, I think my statement is completely correct.</p><p>Another point is that Windows is also a complete ecosystem, after all, it has 1 billion users. The same goes for Android and iOS. In fact, Android and iOS will probably have over a billion users, or Android has 2 billion, and maybe iOS has about the same user size as Windows. But the reality is that for any Windows user, we have to first assume that they have a phone that may be running Android and iOS, and we have to take that into account.</p><p>I do think that operating systems are important, and they are, because they form an important part of our lives, whether it's other devices with other operating systems installed, or the cloud computing services I use, they power a lot of applications and experiences. This is a reality that cannot be ignored. Let's meet the needs of Windows users where they are, with their current needs and unmet, unexpressible needs.</p><p>Q: Do you think it was the pandemic that pushed Windows in a different direction? For the most part, that's how I feel. Everyone works from home and spends a lot more time staring at their Windows laptops every day than before.</p><p>Nadella: Absolutely, there's no doubt about it. What happened during the pandemic, even for me (I don't have a home office) was sudden. I found myself needing more than just a home office. All my children are at home and they need to have their own separate computers. Without PCs, we can't do remote education, remote work, telemedicine, and it becomes a critical necessity.</p><p>All screens in life matter. As a result, the realization that the big screen running Windows is important because not all tasks can be done on mobile devices is becoming increasingly common. We are coming out of the pandemic and I would say that we re-appreciate why we need to do some really good work to serve the customers that we have today.</p><p>This is why I considered making improvements to Windows Update. I want to celebrate this as much as any newly introduced feature because it matters. It's important to our users, who tell me explicitly in my inbox every day what I should do with Windows Update, and I'm taking that seriously now.</p><p>Q: I like the idea that you and your family are at home and all of a sudden Windows Update becomes more real for all of us. My team always told me that as long as it was about me, it became so much more important. Has anything like this ever happened?</p><p>Nadella: Indeed. Though I have to admit that people inside the company are more responsible than waiting for the CEO to experience it firsthand. We have better systems, better accountability systems. But having said that, if I went back to your decision framework question, I think I would have a better understanding of the role that Windows has taken on in the world after this pandemic. What should we do as an ecosystem, as an operating system, to serve our current customers and meet their expectations? Windows Update is an example. Furthermore, what should its innovation vehicle be? Where is the world headed?</p><p>Q: Which brings me to a lot of the big changes to Windows that are fundamentally about what kind of operating system Windows is going to be, what kind of business you can run on it, and what kind of business that is going to be for Microsoft. It has a new user interface with the start button located in the center of the screen. It also makes a difference on the outside.</p><p>At the same time, you also allow Android apps to run on Windows, and you are integrating<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMZN\">Amazon</a>The Android App Store. You made some changes to the store economy by reducing the Microsoft commission to 15%. This stands in stark contrast to Apple's very controversial 30% rate.</p><p>Then you say to developers, \"You can use your own payment system and you don't have to pay Microsoft a commission.\" How much of this is an opportunistic change? You see all this controversy, you sense the market opportunity? How much of this is the right way to move business?</p><p>Nadella: I think it's driven by competition. I mean, what should Microsoft do to manage the platform and set platform rules for us to continue to thrive in this role? My understanding of platforms is this: they have to create opportunities for the people who create content on them.</p><p>This is the way to keep the platform relevant. If you're creating a great opportunity for other people to be born on your platform and scale on your platform, that's what I'm familiar with Microsoft and Windows. Whether<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/ADBE\">Adobe</a>This is true of employees creating their Creative Cloud, SAP building their ERP [Enterprise Resource Planning] business, or building their community for gamers on Windows.</p><p>In my opinion, how do we make Windows more dynamic in the future? I sense a real opportunity because the other two larger ecosystems, for a range of reasons that are consistent within them, have, in my opinion at least, conflated the platform and aggregation layer with a set of rules. But there is no reason such rules are needed, they can be broken down. After all, we do run the app store. We do have business dealings. You can use it or you can build your own app store. It's a very practical thing for Microsoft.</p><p>I don't even want to make a statement that Microsoft platforms meet ethical rules when other companies aren't. Others choose the Microsoft platform for many reasons, including from design choices, or business model choices, etc. I wanted to make our own set of design and business model choices so creators could find more options. That's the competition.</p><p>Q: You mentioned two other platforms that are larger, obviously iOS and Android. Then, you mentioned their pattern of making decisions for internally aligned reasons. Apple has made its internally consistent rationale very clear that the app store covers the entire platform.</p><p>The most compelling reason is that this is the price Apple pays to distribute the software for free. iOS updates are available to everyone for free throughout the life of the phone, and the phone lasts a long time.</p><p>To get all these innovations, software and security updates, among other things, Apple gets a piece of the App Store revenue, which is Apple's business model. The same goes for Microsoft Windows, where users can update to Windows 11 for free. How do you pay for these updates if you don't want a piece of the pie?</p><p>Nadella: We have different business models. In many cases, we have subscriptions. We also have original equipment manufacturer (OEM) licensing fees. Apple apparently makes a profit by selling devices. I think everyone has to ultimately have a business model that allows them to pay for what they do. I think it's just a question of where do you make money from and what are the rules that through other people you can make money? They must be long-term stable.</p><p>In our Microsoft case, I've always argued that at least the definition of a platform is: if something bigger than a platform can't be born, then it isn't a platform. The network grew up on Windows. Amazon can't exist if we say \"all commerce is mediated through us\". So I think every company has to choose and look at which aggregation layer, which platform layer, and what rules work for them and their ecosystem. But, at Microsoft, it's clear to us that we do want to address the same security issues and discoverability issues, because that's one of the reasons why we emphasize running an app store.</p><p>At the same time, different creators can use the app store at different levels. We want this flexibility to be a competitive differentiation.</p><p>Q: You mentioned the rules. Let's say I'm a vice president at Microsoft, and the goal this year is to increase sign-ups for a feature by 30%. The easiest way for me is to go to the Windows team and tell them, \"Every time you open Windows, show people this feature to help push.\" That's the pressure every operating system feels.</p><p>Windows certainly also feels this thrust and pull. For example, the Edge team wants Edge to become the default browser of Windows. How do you balance this internal pressure with wanting to be an open platform so that competitors can succeed on Microsoft's own products?</p><p>Nadella: Those are two different things. First, you curate a series of experiences that work well with each other, and then allow others to offer experiences that might be substitutes for something. The question is, are you only allowing this through your own app store or other regulations, or can this happen independently of you? Take the browser, for example, which belongs to the default setting. But you don't just have to use Microsoft's browser, you can download it<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GOOG\">Google</a>Or browsers such as Firefox. It is, in a sense, the ability to give consumers direct choices.</p><p>We want to be a platform for platform creators, not just an app platform for everyone else. That's the nuance we want to point out, which is: I want us to do a good job of being a platform, which means the platform needs to do everything. We'll have app stores, have our own default browsers, and design certain things ourselves. But if someone else can get into our platform and create a lot of value on our platform and use it as an infrastructure (like an operating system), that's also totally fine.</p><p>By the way, this is also how we run our cloud computing business. It was no different for us. We have layers in the cloud from application to infrastructure, and different application developers and companies use it in different ways.</p><p>Q: Interestingly, you talked about browsers. Microsoft fought a famous antitrust war about bundling the browser with Windows and setting it as the default browser. Now it feels like the rules in this area are a little clearer, and there are a lot of changes in Windows regarding the browser default settings.</p><p>Is there anything less clear? Do you have any internal rules? Do you have a culture that says, \"Okay. We can set defaults, but Windows Teams needs to set other platforms and other services as defaults.\"</p><p>Nadella: There's no doubt about that. But, first of all, anything we learned from antitrust cases in the' 90s meant that you just had to be an open platform. Some things are built into the operating system. If something is independent of the operating system, then something else can be completely replaced without compromising the integrity of the system.</p><p>Even communications (whether Slack,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/ZM\">Zoom</a>, or anything else), they can all be the best on Windows. In a sense, we're not restricting other people's software from being available on Windows. We do have a distribution advantage, but that doesn't mean others don't have an advantage of their own. For me, whenever I visit Google's website, they are very aware of their distribution advantages, even on Windows PCs. There's no getting away with it, and that's nothing.</p><p>Q: How many times a day do you visit Google sites?</p><p>Nadella: YouTube is probably the one that pops up the most in my Bing searches, I think.</p><p>Q: Speaking of Google, you're bringing Windows closer to Android. This has been going on for a while now. One of the biggest announcements of Windows 11 is that Android apps will work directly on Windows. What are the pros and cons of this decision?</p><p>Nadella: Interestingly, the Windows architecture always has that feature. You can have multiple accounts in Windows. In fact, I remember originally coming to work at Microsoft as I was promoting the POSIX interface work on Windows NT. Now, one of my favorite Windows features is WSL. I love it. New terminals, as well as now we even support the full Linux UI on Windows. Linux is now the best-in-class system on Windows, while Android is just another subsystem.</p><p>Our decision was based on, what is the best way to make more apps available to our users? How do we add value to the 1.3 billion Windows users who may need more apps? That's the side of the problem. On the other hand, by pushing Android apps to a user base of over 1 billion, more opportunities can be created for people who develop Android apps. I think both sides benefit from this, and for that it's a win-win decision. Now, it will depend on what is being adopted, what use cases are there, what apps they want to use, whether it is Android on Windows or PWAS, UWP, and what you have. We will take this open approach and we welcome all applications.</p><p>Q: What's the best objection you've heard?</p><p>Nadella: I think there's always the argument, \"Do we have to have consistent application patterns?\"</p><p>Because if you think about innovation, is there a unified NUI or AI chip? How can I activate the app's API so that the app can take advantage of it? When you have multiple subsystems and multiple app versions, can you bring your platform system-level innovation to the surface and bring all the applications to the fore?</p><p>In a world like this, this would be a fundamental challenge, but we feel there are ways to deal with it. One of my thoughts on this is that you can launch Android, PWA or UWP apps on Windows for some new AI API in the future and even today. At Microsoft, we build apps for iOS, Android as well as Windows, which is one of our fundamental challenges. We're trying to make sure that as developers, we can leverage as many public codebases as possible, as many cloud computing services as possible.</p><p>Q: Android apps work on Android, work on Chrome OS, and will work on Windows. Do you think they're going to be a minimum requirement environment for developers? These developers just want to do everything right without opening up opportunities for native app development.</p><p>Nadella: I think, whether it's web or Android, they're going to get you to multiple places faster, and then you're going to optimize on those platforms based on the feedback that users tell you, because the last thing anyone wants is an app that nobody uses or nobody likes. So, at the end of the day, it has to be competitive.</p><p>Q: We've covered a lot of Android apps on ChromeOS that aren't performing very well. What makes these better?</p><p>Nadella: I'm most interested in what app developers will start doing once they launch Android apps on Windows. And then will they expand it to take advantage of some local capabilities? Could just the work we do at the system level, and all the stuff it inherits, make this possible? Let's say, how can I get the \"<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NYT\">The New York Times</a>\"or the Wall Street Journal app, and then see it next to the PWA app? With all the window work, it works beautifully. Now the question is, what is the user experience? They'll tell us with their clicks.</p><p>Q: You're partnering with Amazon to distribute Amazon apps. You said at the launch event that other Android app stores are welcome to participate in the Windows distribution system. The Amazon App Store is currently heavily focused on Amazon's own Fire tablets and products, which aren't doing too well.</p><p>It certainly doesn't have the sales volume that Google Play Store offers for Android apps. Do you think things will get better? Do you think it's good enough now? Talk about your partnership.</p><p>Nadella: I think it's a good place for us to start, and I hope more developers even see the Amazon App Store as a way to reach more users. I hope this is good for them and for us. Like I said, if this works, I think even Google will be tempted! If they feel like this is a way to increase Android app usage, we would welcome any other app store. Of course, there are parts of the world that already have plenty of alternatives to the Android App Store, and they're even bigger than the Google App Store. So we'll also see what happens in this dynamic.</p><p>Q: You're browsing Amazon's app terms, which probably won't get in the way of this partnership. This is their app store. If Google comes along, they will also have their own store and their own economy. So do you think the terms there will be competitive? Will they fight to win over developers?</p><p>Nadella: That's actually a fascinating question. That's the problem, right? On Windows, there are a lot of app stores and there should be competition in this space. It's kind of like having multiple operating systems, what would it look like if there were multiple markets that were dynamic and competitive on any given operating system? You've seen this effect in games for Windows, and I hope that now we can see it on all app categories.</p><p>Q: You have reduced the commission rate on the Microsoft App Store to 15%. Do you think developers should pay that money to Microsoft instead of launching their own payment system?</p><p>Nadella: All the things that people expect in the app store today will give you peace of mind because someone will manage the app, look at the security of the app and then make it easy for you to find the app you want. And then, of course, there is business capability involved. All of this comes at a real cost.</p><p>We don't see the App Store as a standalone business, it's a utility that adds value to the operating system. Currently, the app store needs to be an integral part of the operating system. We couldn't agree more on that. Only there's a question: Should there be competition and flexibility? Even there, we have our own rules. Other platforms may have other rules and users will make a choice.</p><p><b>Q: The U.S. Congress is debating antitrust bills on digital markets, some of which are even directly targeted at the ecosystems of Apple and Google, and other legislation is targeting other parts of the technology stack. Do you think Microsoft will be under fire for what it does in Azure or Windows?</b></p><p>NADELLA: Any rules that councillors propose will apply to every industry player. As a result, Microsoft will become an integral part. The question is which proposals will eventually become law. Then, we look at Microsoft's relationship to this legislation. Digital technology, I think, comes in these two forms: the first I call it a factor of production, it is an input into someone else's creation. The second is the distribution factor. There is no better word to describe it now. It is about matching supply and demand.</p><p>The operating system is actually an input for someone else's creation, while the app store is more of a distribution capability. You combine the two, establish rules, and then create their own superimposed effects around what's happening in the competitive ecosystem around you. So I think that's where people look at this from a legislative perspective. They ask \"Which set of rules will create the most surpluses in the wider economy?\" That's a good thing.</p><p>I think competition has always been the best motivator to help capitalism move forward, and we will be subject to the same rules as everyone else.</p><p><b>Q: You mentioned the ecosystem, and I wanted to ask you about the role Microsoft plays in the broader ecosystem. Most people will not experience Windows on Microsoft hardware. Surface products are great, but most people use other companies 'chips on other companies' laptops to experience Windows.</b></p><p><b>Some parts of this ecosystem are doing well, but some are lagging behind. I was curious how you saw how to do the same with<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/INTC\">Intel</a>The potential for collaboration and their roadmap, and all the things you might want to do with custom AI hardware and other features you discuss.</b></p><p>Nadella: First of all, it's pretty critical for us to work with Intel, and we're excited about Pat Gelsinger (Intel's new CEO) and his team and their innovation roadmap, and we're definitely going to work deeply with them, and we're working with<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMD\">AMD</a>And<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/QCOM\">Qualcomm</a>It will be the same.</p><p>As an example: personal computers have always represented a very broad design field, whether it be wafer innovation, board-level innovation, ASICs, how they are assembled, and<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NVDA\">NVIDIA</a>What's been done on the GPU etc. That's why we make amazing gaming PCs, laptops, desktops.</p><p>I think I'll be very excited over the next 10 years when we see Gelsinger talk about future plans. What level of innovation will allow us to rethink the operating system, and what will allow for vibrant competition and innovation? I look at the innovations of Intel, Qualcomm, AMB, as well as Nvidia, and say, \"I want to do a great job of bringing all the innovations into reality through Windows and then presenting it to developers.\" You take your UWP, PWA, Android apps and light up silicon wafer innovation with Windows. This is the opportunity I see. Our<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DELL\">Dell</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/HPQ\">HP</a>And OEM partners like Lenovo are excited about it.</p><p><b>Q: Microsoft has only launched one Android device so far, the Surface Duo. Are you guys planning on rolling out more?</b></p><p>Nadella: I don't think the Surface Duo is a replacement for the phone. Even though sometimes I dream it is a cell phone, it is not a cell phone after all. It does have a call-and-take feature, but if we were trying to launch a phone, we wouldn't build it and we wanted to see what happened next.</p><p>I love the Surface Duo because it's definitely my notebook, the Moleskine I carry with me. I do use it as a cell phone, but that is unique. This is not the best use case. But my goodness, do I really enjoy reading Kindle and taking OneNote notes on one screen? This is my killer app. We built it for that. I want to keep innovating in this area. Whether it's the HoloLens or the Surface Duo, I hope we can continue to innovate in form and function.</p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/t1UE1JzfvHKYUVmN8RdVDA\">腾讯科技</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b68a748d018e34ee2219853146364fac","relate_stocks":{"MSFT":"微软"},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/t1UE1JzfvHKYUVmN8RdVDA","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1183924667","content_text":"6月26日消息，微软刚刚发布了其新版旗舰操作系统Windows 11，它采用了全新的设计，增加了许多新功能，并能够运行安卓应用程序。与此同时，Windows应用程序的分发方式也发生了重大变化。微软正在开放Windows应用商店，允许开发者在商店里上架更多种类的应用程序，开发者也可以使用自己的支付系统，从而不必向微软支付佣金。\n最近，有关苹果应用商店收取高额佣金以及该公司对其平台上开发者的严格控制，引发了很多争议，还有诉讼、国会立法，甚至引来欧洲监管机构关注。而微软及其首席执行官萨蒂亚·纳德拉（Satya Nadella）重新为Windows定位，称Windows生态系统将更加开放，Windows的目标是允许其他公司在没有微软阻挠的情况下建立自己的庞大业务和平台。\n对于苹果和微软来说，这听起来像是两家公司的态度来了个彻底反转。20年前，当Mac还是个相对比较开放的平台时，而微软当时正面临着监管机构的巨大压力。微软发布Windows 11后，纳德拉接受了美国媒体专访，谈及与苹果截然不同的策略，他如何看待Windows作为平台时微软需要承担的职责，以及他认为国会的各种反垄断立法将如何影响微软的未来计划。\n以下为纳德拉专访全文：\n问：微软刚刚发布了Windows 11，这其中肯定有很多话题可谈，但我想从某些个人问题开始这次对话。你最近才成为微软的董事长，同时兼任首席执行官。当董事长到底意味着什么？\n纳德拉：如你所知，现实是，至少在美国的公司治理方面，真正对所有管理层成员拥有绝对权力的是独立董事，他们可以决定包括我的任免、薪酬以及业绩等问题。基本上，他们可以决定是否雇用或解雇我。独立董事们是真正拥有公司治理权的人。如果说成为董事长后有什么不同的话，我对这些变化的解读是，从根本上说，我们如何让管理团队和董事会围绕微软的目标和战略走到一起？作为一个团队，我们如何对自己负责？\n所以，就像有人给我描述的那样，也许我应该参加更多的会议，或者更多的董事会会议。但我认为这只是我过去七年来始终在做的事情的自然结果。坦率地说，在公司治理的严格性和谁真正拥有CEO聘任权和解雇权方面，并没有真正发生变化。这就是微软董事会独立董事的权力。\n问：这直接引出了我的下一个问题，那就是谁是你的老板？你对谁最负责？\n纳德拉：从某种意义上说，董事会和独立董事可以决定一切。如果你的老板被定义为最终能让你承担责任的人，那对于微软来说，老板就是微软董事会中的独立董事。\n问：我曾问过许多高管这个问题：你们的决策框架是什么？微软是一家庞大的企业，有很多不同的业务，而且每项业务的规模都很大，你们是如何做出决策的？\n纳德拉：我试着简化这种情况。我自己有这样框架，自从成为首席执行官以来，我也始终在遵循这个框架。决策过程首先以遵循微软的使命开始，以遵循企业文化结束，中间是我们的世界观，我们的战略思考。我认为永恒的东西是使命感、目的和文化，而变化的东西是世界观和战略。\n你对决策框架的看法是：我们做的任何事情都必须与第一个问题保持一致，那就是：考虑到我们作为一家公司，这件事有意义吗？更重要的是，如果我们这样做，它会增加世界上独一无二的价值吗？这是不是既能让我们在竞争中脱颖而出，又是对人们有用的东西？对我来说，这是我们是否拓展新业务最有帮助的方式。\n至于“首席执行官该做什么？”，他们必须挑选整个公司需要参与的领域。然后，他们必须为在生活体验中内在表达的文化价值观设定标准。这就是我始终在遵循的两大原则。\n问：下面我们来谈谈一个重大决定！几年前，你曾说过：“我们可以把Windows重新命名为Azure Edge，这只是我们庞大业务Azure的延伸。我们所处的世界是移动优先、云优先的世界。”2019年，你在接受采访时也说过：“对我们来说，操作系统不再是最重要的业务。”\n但你们如今发布了Windows 11，我听了你和微软首席产品官帕诺斯·帕奈(Panos Panay)的讨论，包括新冠肺炎疫情是如何让你的注意力重新集中在Windows上，以及它可能做些什么。给我们介绍下这种转变过程。\n纳德拉：我之前所说的所有这些说法仍然是正确的，因为Windows并不是孤立存在的。Windows生活在云计算被大量使用的世界里。现在，有多个云计算服务提供商和大量的云计算服务。因此，任何客户端操作系统最终都会与云计算相遇。从这个意义上说，无论是技术上和商业模式上，还是使用和体验上，Windows都需要与云计算和边缘计算接轨。\n可以肯定的是，从分布式计算架构的角度来看，超过10亿的Windows用户也是Azure用户。你甚至可以说，Windows用户会把Azure看作是Windows的云计算服务。所以，我认为自己的说法是完全正确的。\n另一点是，Windows也是个完整的生态系统，毕竟其有10亿用户。安卓和iOS也是如此。事实上，安卓和iOS可能会有超过10亿用户，或者安卓有20亿，也许iOS的用户规模和Windows差不多。但现实是，对于任何Windows用户，我们必须首先假设他们有一部手机，手机可能运行安卓和iOS，我们必须对此进行考量。\n我确实认为操作系统很重要，事实也是如此，因为它们构成了我们生活中的重要组成部分，无论是安装了其他操作系统的其他设备，还是我使用的云计算服务，它们都为许多应用程序和体验提供了动力。这是个不容忽视的现实。让我们在Windows用户所在的地方满足他们的需求，满足他们当前的需求和未得到满足的、无法表达的需求。\n问：你认为是疫情把Windows推向了不同的方向吗？在很大程度上，我就有这样的感觉。每个人都在家里工作，每天盯着Windows笔记本电脑的时间都比以前多了很多。\n纳德拉：绝对是这样，这是毋庸置疑的。疫情期间发生的事情，即使对我来说（我没有家庭办公室）也很突然。我发现自己不仅需要有家庭办公室。我所有的孩子都在家，她们需要有自己的独立电脑。没有个人电脑，我们就不能进行远程教育、远程工作、远程医疗，它变成了关键必需品。\n生活中的所有屏幕都很重要。因此，人们意识到运行Windows的大屏幕非常重要，因为并不是所有的任务都可以在移动设备上完成，这种认识变得越来越普遍。我们正从疫情中走出来，我想说的是，我们重新认识到为何我们需要做些非常好的工作来服务于我们今天拥有的客户。\n这就是我考虑对Windows Update进行改进的原因。我想庆祝这一点，就像庆祝任何新推出的功能一样，因为它很重要。这对我们的用户很重要，他们每天都会在我的收件箱里明确地告诉我，我应该用Windows Update做什么，我现在很认真地对待这一点。\n问：我喜欢这样的想法：你和你的家人都在家，突然之间，Windows Update对我们所有人来说都变得更真实。我的团队总是告诉我，只要是关于我的，它就变得重要得多。有没有发生过这样的事？\n纳德拉：的确如此。尽管我不得不承认，公司内部的人比等待首席执行官亲身体验要负更多的责任。我们有更好的系统，更好的问责制度。但话虽如此，如果我回到你的决策框架问题，我想我会更好地理解这次疫情后Windows在世界上所担负的角色。作为一个生态系统，作为一个操作系统，我们应该做些什么才能服务于当前的客户并满足他们的期望？Windows Update就是个例子。此外，它的创新载体应该是什么？世界正在走向何方？\n问：这让我想到了Windows的许多重大变化，这些变化从根本上讲是关于Windows将成为一种什么样的操作系统的，你可以在它上面运行什么样的业务，以及这对微软来说将是什么样的业务。它有了新的用户界面，开始按钮位于屏幕中央。这在外表上看也带来了改变。\n同时，你们也允许安卓应用程序在Windows上运行，你们正在集成亚马逊的安卓应用商店。你对商店经济做了些改变，把微软的佣金降到了15%。这与苹果非常有争议的30%费率形成了鲜明对比。\n然后你对开发者说：“你们可以使用自己的支付系统，并且不必向微软支付佣金。”这其中有多少是机会主义式的变化？你看到了所有这些争议，你感觉到了市场机会？这其中有多少是转移业务的正确方式？\n纳德拉：我认为这是由竞争推动的。我的意思是，微软应该做些什么来管理平台和制定平台规则，才能让我们在担负这个角色时继续茁壮成长？我对平台的理解是：它们必须为在平台上创作内容的人创造机会。\n这是保持平台相关性的方法。如果你正在创造一个很好的机会，让其他人在你的平台上诞生，并在你的平台上扩大规模，那才是我所熟悉的微软和Windows。无论是Adobe员工创建他们的Creative Cloud，还是SAP构建他们的ERP[企业资源规划]业务，亦或者为Windows上的游戏玩家建立他们的社区，都是如此。\n在我看来，我们如何让Windows在未来变得更有活力？我感觉到了一个真正的机会，因为另外两个规模较大的生态系统，由于其内部一致的一系列原因，至少在我看来，已经将平台和聚合层与一套规则混为一谈。但没有理由需要这样的规则，它们可以被分解。毕竟，我们确实经营着应用商店。我们确实有商业往来。你可以使用它，也可以自己构建应用商店。对微软来说，这是一件非常实际的事情。\n我甚至不想发表这样的声明，即微软平台符合道德规则，而其他公司则不是。其他人选择微软平台有很多原因，包括源自设计选择，或者商业模式选择等。我想做出我们自己的一套设计和商业模式选择，这样创作者就能找到更多的选择。这就是竞争。\n问：你提到了其他两个规模较大的平台，显然是iOS和安卓。然后，你提到了他们因内部一致的原因而做出决定的模式。苹果已经非常清楚地表明了其内部一致的理由，即该应用商店覆盖了整个平台。\n最令人信服的理由是，这是苹果为免费分发软件而支付的代价。在手机的整个生命周期内，每个人都可以免费获得iOS更新，而且手机的使用时间也很长。\n为了获得所有这些创新、软件和安全更新，以及其他东西，苹果从应用商店营收中分得一杯羹，这就是苹果的商业模式。微软Windows也是如此，用户可以免费更新到Windows 11。如果你不想分得一杯羹，你怎么支付这些更新的费用呢？\n纳德拉：我们有不同的商业模式。在许多情况下，我们都有订阅。我们也有原始设备制造商（OEM）授权费。苹果显然通过出售设备获利。我认为，每个人最终都必须拥有一种允许他们为自己的所作所为买单的商业模式。我认为这只是一个问题，即你从哪里赚钱，通过其他人可以赚钱的规则是什么？它们必须是长期稳定的。\n在我们微软的案例中，我一直认为，至少平台的定义是：如果不能诞生比平台更大的东西，那么它就不是平台。网络就是在Windows上成长起来的。如果我们说“所有的商业都是通过我们进行中介的”，那么亚马逊就不可能存在。因此，我认为每家公司都必须选择并看看哪个聚合层、哪个平台层，以及什么规则对他们和他们的生态系统有效。但是，在微软，我们很清楚，我们确实想要解决同样的安全问题和可发现性问题，因为这是我们强调经营应用商店的原因之一。\n同时，不同的创作者可以在不同的层次使用应用商店。我们希望这种灵活性成为一种竞争差异化。\n问：你提到了规则。比方说我是微软的副总裁，今年的目标是将某项功能的注册人数增加30%。对我来说，最简单的方法就是去找Windows团队，并告诉他们：“每次你打开Windows，给人们展示下这项功能，以帮助推送。”这是每个操作系统都感受到的压力。\nWindows当然也感受到了这种推力和拉力，比如Edge团队希望Edge成为Windows的默认浏览器。你如何平衡这种内部压力和想要成为一个开放平台，以便让竞争对手能够在微软自己的产品上取得成功？\n纳德拉：这是两件不同的事情。首先，你策划了一系列彼此配合良好的体验，然后允许其他人提供可能是某种东西替代品的体验。问题是，你是通过自家应用商店或其他规定才允许这样做的，还是这件事可以独立于你而发生？以浏览器为例，它属于默认设置。但你不必只使用微软的浏览器，也可以下载谷歌或火狐等浏览器。从某种意义上说，这是一种让消费者拥有直接选择的能力。\n我们希望成为平台创建者的平台，而不仅仅是其他人的应用程序平台。这就是我们想要指出的细微差别，那就是：我希望我们在成为一个平台方面做得很好，这意味着平台需要做所有的事情。我们会有应用商店，有自己的默认浏览器，自己会设计某些东西。但如果其他人能够进入我们的平台，在我们的平台上创造大量价值，并将其用作基础设施（比如操作系统），那也完全没有问题。\n顺便说一句，这也是我们运行云计算业务的方式。这对我们来说没什么不同。我们在云中有从应用到基础架构的各个层，不同的应用开发商和公司以不同的方式使用它。\n问：有趣的是，你谈到了浏览器。微软打了一场著名的反垄断战，内容是将该浏览器与Windows捆绑销售，并将其设置为默认浏览器。现在感觉这个领域的规则更清晰了些，在Windows中有很多关于浏览器默认设置的改变。\n是否还有不太明确的地方？你们有内部规定吗？你有没有一种文化会说：“好吧。我们可以设置默认值，但Windows团队需要将其他平台和其他服务设置为默认值。”\n纳德拉：这是毫无疑问的。但是，首先，我们在90年代从反垄断案中学到的任何东西都意味着，你只需要成为一个开放的平台。有些东西是内置到操作系统中的。如果有些东西是独立于操作系统，那么其他东西完全可以替代，而不会损害系统的完整性。\n即使是通信（无论是Slack、Zoom，还是其他任何东西），它们在Windows上都可以是最好的。从某种意义上说，我们没有限制别人的软件不能在Windows上使用。我们确实有分销优势，但这并不意味着其他人没有自己的优势。对我来说，每当我访问谷歌网站时，他们都非常清楚自己的分销优势，即使是在Windows PC上也是如此。这是无法逃脱的，这没什么。\n问：你每天访问多少次谷歌网站？\n纳德拉：我想，在我的必应搜索中，YouTube可能是出现最多的一个。\n问：说到谷歌，你让Windows更接近安卓了。这已经持续了一段时间了。Windows 11最大的公告之一是安卓应用程序将可以直接在Windows上运行。这一决定的利弊是什么？\n纳德拉：有趣的是，Windows体系结构始终都有这样的功能。你可以在Windows中拥有多个账户。事实上，我记得最初来微软工作时，我是在宣传Windows NT上的POSIX接口工作。现在，我最喜欢的Windows功能之一是WSL。我爱死它了。新的终端，以及现在我们甚至在Windows上支持完整的Linux UI。Linux现在是Windows上的一流系统，而安卓只是另一个子系统。\n我们的决定依据是，让我们的用户可以使用更多应用程序的最佳方式是什么？我们如何为可能需要更多应用程序的13亿Windows用户增值？这是问题的一面。另一方面，通过将安卓应用推送给超过10亿的用户群，可以为开发安卓应用程序的人创造更多机会。我认为双方都从中受益，为此这是个双赢决定。现在，这将取决于什么是被采用，有哪些使用案例，他们想要使用什么应用程序，是Windows上的安卓还是PWAS、UWP，以及你有什么。我们将采取这种开放方式，我们欢迎所有的应用程序。\n问：你听到的最好反对理由是什么？\n纳德拉：我认为总会有这样的争论：“我们必须要有一致的应用程序模式吗？”\n因为如果你想一想创新，有没有统一的NUI或AI芯片？如何才能激活该应用程序的API，以便该应用程序能够利用它呢？当你有多个子系统和多个应用程序版本时，你能让你的平台系统级创新浮出水面，让所有的应用程序都凸显出来吗？\n在这样一个世界里，这将是个根本性的挑战，但我们觉得还是有办法应对的。我对此的看法之一是，你可以在未来，甚至今天，为一些新的AI API在Windows上启动安卓、PWA或UWP应用程序。在微软，我们为iOS、安卓以及Windows构建应用，这是我们的根本挑战之一。我们正在努力确保作为开发者，我们可以利用尽可能多的公共代码库，尽可能多的云计算服务。\n问：安卓应用程序能在安卓系统上运行，能在Chrome OS上运行，也将在Windows上运行。你认为它们会成为开发者最低需求的环境吗？这些开发者只想做好所有事情，而没有为原生应用开发带来机会。\n纳德拉：我认为，无论是网络还是安卓，它们都会让你更快地到达多个地方，然后你会根据用户告诉你的反馈在这些平台上进行优化，因为任何人都最不想要没有人使用或者没有人喜欢的应用。因此，归根结底，它必须是有竞争力的。\n问：我们已经介绍了很多ChromeOS上的安卓应用，它们的表现不是很好。是什么让这些变得更好？\n纳德拉：我最感兴趣的是，一旦应用程序开发者在Windows上推出安卓应用程序，他们会开始做些什么。然后他们会扩展它以利用些本地能力吗？仅仅是我们在系统层面所做的工作，以及它继承的所有东西，就能让这一切成为可能吗？比方说，我如何才能获得《纽约时报》或《华尔街日报》的应用程序，然后在PWA应用程序旁边看到它呢？加上所有的开窗工作，它工作得很漂亮。现在的问题是，用户的体验是什么？他们会用他们的点击告诉我们。\n问：你们在与亚马逊合作分发亚马逊应用。你在发布活动上说，欢迎其他安卓应用商店参与Windows的分发体系。亚马逊应用商店目前非常专注于亚马逊自己的Fire平板电脑和产品，其表现不算太好。\n它当然没有谷歌Play Store为安卓应用程序提供的销量。你认为情况会好转吗？你觉得现在够好了吗？谈谈你们之间的合作关系。\n纳德拉：我认为这对我们来说是个很好的起点，我希望更多的开发者甚至将亚马逊应用商店视为接触更多用户的一种方式。我希望这对他们和我们都有好处。就像我说的，如果这能行得通，我想连谷歌都会动心吧！如果他们觉得这是增加安卓应用程序使用率的一种方式，我们会欢迎任何其他的应用商店。当然，世界上有些地方已经有很多安卓应用商店的替代品，它们甚至比谷歌应用商店还要大。所以我们也会看看在这个动态中会发生什么。\n问：你们正在浏览亚马逊的应用程序条款，这可能不会妨碍这段合作关系。这是他们的应用商店。如果谷歌出现，他们也将拥有自己的商店和自己的经济。那么你认为那里的条款会有竞争力吗？他们会不会为争取开发商而战呢？\n纳德拉：这实际上是个令人着迷的问题。这就是问题所在，对吧？在Windows上，有很多应用商店，这个领域应该有竞争。这有点儿像有多个操作系统，在任何给定的操作系统上，如果有多个市场都充满活力和竞争，那会是什么样子？你已经在Windows的游戏中看到了这种影响，我希望现在我们能在所有应用类别上都看到它。\n问：你们将微软应用商店的佣金费率降到了15%。你认为开发者应该向微软支付这笔钱，而不是推出他们自己的支付系统？\n纳德拉：今天人们在应用商店里期待的所有事情都会让你感觉安心，因为有人会管理应用程序，查看应用程序的安全性，然后让你很容易地找到你想要的应用程序。当然，然后还要涉及到商务能力。所有这些都是有实际成本的。\n我们不认为应用商店是一项独立的业务，这是一种增加操作系统价值的实用程序。目前，应用商店需要成为操作系统的总要组成部分。我们完全同意这一点。只是这其中有个问题：应该有竞争和灵活性吗？即使在那里，我们也有自己的规则。其他平台可能会有其他规则，用户会做出选择。\n问：美国国会正在讨论关于数字市场的反垄断法案，其中有些甚至直接针对苹果和谷歌的生态系统，其他立法则瞄准了技术堆栈的其他部分。你认为微软会因为在Azure或Windows中的所作所为而受到抨击吗？\n纳德拉：议员们提出的任何规则都将适用于每个行业参与者。因此，微软将成为不可或缺的一部分。问题是哪些提案最终会成为法律。然后，我们看看微软与这些立法的关系。我认为，数字技术有这两种形式：第一种我把它叫做生产要素，它是对别人创作的一种投入。第二种为分配要素，现在没有更好的词来形容，它是关于供需匹配的。\n操作系统实际上是别人创作的输入，而应用商店更多的是一种分销能力。你把这两者结合起来，建立规则，然后围绕你周围的竞争生态系统发生的事情，产生它们自己的叠加效应。因此，我认为这就是人们从立法的角度来看待这个问题的地方。他们会问“哪套规则能让更广泛的经济中创造出最多的盈余？”这是一件好事。\n我认为竞争一直是帮助资本主义向前发展的最好动力，我们将和其他人一样受到同样规则的约束。\n问：你提到了生态系统，我想问你微软在更广泛生态系统中所扮演的角色。大多数人不会在微软硬件上体验Windows。Surface产品很棒，但大多数人在其他公司的笔记本电脑上使用其他公司的芯片来体验Windows。\n这个生态系统的某些部分做得很好，但有些部分落后了。我很好奇你如何看到了与英特尔合作的潜力和他们的路线图，以及你可能想要用定制的AI硬件和你讨论的其他功能做的所有事情。\n纳德拉：首先，对我们来说，与英特尔的合作相当关键，我们对帕特·盖尔辛格(Pat Gelsinger，英特尔新任首席执行官)和他的团队以及他们的创新路线图感到兴奋，我们肯定会与他们深度合作，我们与AMD和高通也会如此。\n举个例子：个人电脑始终代表着非常广阔的设计领域，无论是硅片创新、板级创新、ASIC，它们的组装方式，以及英伟达在GPU上做了什么等。这就是为什么我们制造了令人惊叹的游戏PC、笔记本电脑、台式机的原因。\n我想在接下来的10年里，当我们看到盖尔辛格谈论未来计划时，我会感到非常兴奋。什么样的创新水平才能让我们重新思考操作系统，什么才会有充满活力的竞争和创新？我看着英特尔、高通、AMB以及英伟达的创新，然后说：“我想做一件很棒的工作，把所有的创新通过Windows变成现实，然后把它呈现给开发者。”你带着你的UWP、PWA、安卓应用程序，用Windows来点亮硅片创新。这就是我看到的机会。我们的戴尔、惠普和联想等原始设备制造伙伴对此感到兴奋。\n问：微软目前只推出过一款安卓设备，即Surface Duo。你们还打算推出更多吗？\n纳德拉：我不认为Surface Duo是手机的替代品。尽管有时我梦见它是一部手机，但它毕竟不是手机。它确实有接打电话功能，但如果我们试图推出的手机，我们就不会构建它，我们想看看接下来会发生什么。\n我喜欢Surface Duo，因为它绝对是我的笔记本，就是我随身携带的Moleskine。我确实把它当手机用，但那是独一无二的。这不是最好的用例。但我的天哪，我真的喜欢在一块屏幕上阅读Kindle和做OneNote笔记吗？这是我的杀手级应用。我们构建它就是为了这个。我想在这方面不断创新。无论是HoloLens还是Surface Duo，我希望我们都能在形式和功能上继续创新。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"MSFT":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1654,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"defaultTab":"posts","isTTM":true}