Summary Google's efforts to durably reengineer its cost base, enabling it to expand operating margins even when it is investing in the future of the business. Google Cloud continues to benefit from cloud migration, and it is seeing market share gains and an increasing contribution from AI. AI will be a key long-term growth driver for Google, and the company is integrating generative AI into most parts of its business. Most of Google Cloud’s top 100 customers are already using its generative AI solution. While it is early days in terms of seeing the returns on investment on AI capital expenditures, management underscored that for Google, the risk of under-investing is dramatically greater than the risk of over-investing. da-kuk While the threat of OpenAI and generative AI has been a he