【🎁有獎話題】著名投資策略崩塌?你瞭解達利歐嘅呢個策略嗎?

“這是一個無法抗拒的誘惑。把你們的錢交給我們,我們將把它們注入一個長期賺錢、穩賺不賠的策略中。”

這句話是“世界上最大的對衝基金”橋水聯合公司(Bridgewater Associates)的創始人瑞·達利歐(Ray Dalio)所說的,這家公司以“純阿爾法”基金聞名,而現在,這個赫赫有名的基金已經讓很多投資者要求撤回資金。到底發生了什麼事情呢?小虎們瞭解這個策略嗎?今天就跟愛吃辣的小老虎一起來學習吧~~~[Observation]

瑞·達利歐的全天候投資策略!你有了解嗎?

我們先來瞭解一下這位大名鼎鼎的橋水基金掌門人瑞·達利歐。[Serious]

達利歐出生在意大利工人階級家庭中,年輕的時候他曾經在高爾夫球場,作為球童從比較富有的客戶中賺取小費,在紐約證券交易所短暫工作一段時間之後,1975年,他在曼哈頓的公寓中創立了橋水公司。

從1991年到2014年,達利歐所管理的基金規模近800億美元,年化收益率為21%,甚至在20208年全球金融風暴期間,他旗下的基金也能獲得17%的收益率。值得一提的是,達利歐也是為數不多成功預言2008年美國金融危機的人。2007年,達利歐預測,美國房地產熱潮即將結束,而在晚些時候,他也曾警告美國政府,世界上規模巨大的銀行都處於破產邊緣,最後的結果如何大家也都是有目共睹。[Onlooker]

瑞·達利歐瑞·達利歐

而就是這樣一個投資大師,他的成功祕訣都源於1995年思考的一個問題,當時他想:如果有一天我不在了,不能繼續主動管理這些基金,橋水公司該怎麼辦呢?對此,他找到了心儀的答案——全天候策略(All Weather Strategy)。[Thinking]

所謂的“全天候”,核心就在於不需要擇時,不管是春夏秋冬什麼季節,該策略都可以在任何“投資天氣”中取得不錯的成績,而這項策略考慮了經濟週期以及資產組合的表現。

全天候策略的核心就在於達利歐花了十幾年的時間,對各種經濟週期進行了研究和分析,他發現雖然經濟週期會波動,但是相似的週期會不斷重現,因此他總結了以下四個會反覆出現的經濟週期:

  • 經濟成長:經濟活動會擴張,生產力會上升;

  • 通貨膨脹:貨幣擴張,物價會上漲;

  • 緊縮貨幣政策:央行會提高利率並推動緊縮政策;

  • 經濟衰退:經濟會發生衰退,經濟活動會下降。

在對反覆出現的經濟週期進行總結後,他想創建一個不需要去預測經濟週期,並且能夠承受週期波動影響,還能夠有豐厚回報的投資策略。因此,達利歐又對市場上的各種資產進行分析,並發現有兩個因素會讓不同資產在不同經濟週期中有不同的表現,這兩個因素就是成長預期(Growth)和通脹預期(Inflation):

  • 股票在經濟成長週期中表現最好;

  • 中期債券對利率變化不敏感,在緊縮貨幣政策週期下表現良好;

  • 在經濟衰退和通貨緊縮期間利率會下降,這時長期債券會表現良好;

  • 大宗商品和黃金能在通貨膨脹週期起到對抗通脹的作用。

價值投資大師格雷厄姆曾經給普通投資者設計了一個“傻瓜式”的股債平衡策略,50%股票+50%債券,定期再平衡,但是達利歐認為這遠遠不夠,他認為50%股票直接讓整個組合產生了95%的風險。因為股票風險高於債券,“錢分成兩半”並不等於“風險分成兩半”,所以他認為,分配資金的時候要考慮資產的風險收益,而不僅僅是每個資產類型投資相同的金額。[Cool]

因此,達利歐的全天候策略有以下的資產:

  • 股票:30%;

  • 長期國債:40%;

  • 中期國債:15%;

  • 商品:7.5%;

  • 黃金:7.5%。

全天候策略就是平衡經濟週期波動帶來的影響,因為每個週期下,某項資產的價格會受到影響而下跌,但同時其他資產會藉此上升,從而達到真正的風險對衝:[Happy]

  • 當未來處於經濟增長和通貨膨脹不斷呈現的環境,股票及商品的表現良好;

  • 當未來處於經濟衰退和通貨緊縮不斷呈現的環境,黃金及債券的表現良好。

達利歐全天候投資策略資產配置 圖源:ofdollarsanddata.com達利歐全天候投資策略資產配置 圖源:ofdollarsanddata.com

未能全天候?著名投資策略崩塌了嗎?

那什麼樣的投資者適合全天候投資策略呢?這個策略適合追求穩定回報,同時又希望規避風險的長線投資者,而並不適合追求高回報的短線投資者,因為從投資組閤中可以看到,有55%都是債券資產的配置,以及有7.5%的黃金。[Miser]

但現在,這個著名的全天候投資策略開始走下坡路了,在經歷了五年低於平均水平的回報之後,許多機構投資者要求回撤資金,其中包括了新墨西哥州等在內的公共養老金,而橋水公司旗下的這個著名的基金規模,較三年前的巔峯相比,已經減少了將近700億美元。[OMG]

以新墨西哥州公共僱員養老金為例,這個大約170億美元的養老基金,在去年12月削減了橋水旗下風險平價基金的投資,有關人員表示:“該基金長期回報率開始下滑並令人失望,他們唯一一次表現成功的時候還是全球金融危機。”

2008年全球金融危機後,風險平價基金迎來了屬於自己的巔峯,全天候投資策略也在投資界開始出名,因為當時的投資者在努力尋找當市場崩潰的時候的一種避險方式。但是隨着市場回暖,資金重新回到股市,市場風險偏好轉變後,風險平價基金的表現開始落後,當2022年美國國債等避險資產開始連年下滑時,風險平價基金的收益率也慘不忍睹。因此市場和投資者開始疑問:著名投資策略開始崩塌了嗎?[Cry]

而根據市場統計,自從2019年疫情以來,風險平價基金的表現每年都落後於全球60/40基金。根據Verus Investment公司基於投資數據的估算得到的結果,投資者紛紛撤出資金,在去年年底,這類基金的規模已經從2021年的1600億美元的峯值降至約900億美元。

2014至2013年,橋水全天候投資策略與其他投資組合的表現對比 圖源:金十數據2014至2013年,橋水全天候投資策略與其他投資組合的表現對比 圖源:金十數據

小虎們,你們瞭解全天候投資策略嗎?你們認為這個策略崩塌或者過時了嗎?[Evil]

🎁評論即可得獎品如下噢~

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  • Cadi Poon
    ·04-29
    所謂的“全天候”,核心就在於不需要擇時,不管是春夏秋冬什麼季節,該策略都可以在任何“投資天氣”中取得不錯的成績,而這項策略考慮了經濟週期以及資產組合的表現。


    全天候策略的核心就在於達利歐花了十幾年的時間,對各種經濟週期進行了研究和分析,他發現雖然經濟週期會波動,但是相似的週期會不斷重現,因此他總結了以下四個會反覆出現的經濟週期:


    經濟成長:經濟活動會擴張,生產力會上升;
    通貨膨脹:貨幣擴張,物價會上漲;
    緊縮貨幣政策:央行會提高利率並推動緊縮政策;
    經濟衰退:經濟會發生衰退,經濟活動會下降。
    Reply
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  • TimothyX
    ·04-29
    價值投資大師格雷厄姆曾經給普通投資者設計了一個“傻瓜式”的股債平衡策略,50%股票+50%債券,定期再平衡,但是達利歐認為這遠遠不夠,他認為50%股票直接讓整個組合產生了95%的風險。因為股票風險高於債券,“錢分成兩半”並不等於“風險分成兩半”,所以他認為,分配資金的時候要考慮資產的風險收益,而不僅僅是每個資產類型投資相同的金額。
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  • Shyon
    ·04-29
    TOP
    全天候策略思考的是如何让单个基金产品在任何市场环境下都可以获得与风险相匹配的收益。
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  • Shyon
    ·04-29
    TOP
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    • icycrystal
      [Like] [ShakeHands]
      04-30
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    • koolgal
      Thanks for sharing 😍😍😍
      04-29
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  • koolgal
    ·04-29
    TOP
    🌟🌟🌟The All Weather Strategy by Ray Dalio 's Bridgewater is not foolproof.  The market conditions are different now compared to previous times.  Ultimately it is best for each individual investor to invest according to their goals and risk appetite. 
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  • koolgal
    ·04-29
    TOP

    🌟🌟🌟The Ray Dalio All Weather Strategy is best for investors who are near retirement and do not want too much volatility.

    However I believe investing in US stocks especially the Magnificent 7 over the long term would get better returns. 

    Take for example $Apple(AAPL)$  Even though Apple is down 8.8% year todate, if you have invested in Apple 5 years ago, you would have been up 219%!

    For those who prefer not to be bothered with choosing stocks, a plain vanilla ETF like$SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust(SPY)$  or $Invesco QQQ Trust(QQQ)$  is a great alternative. 

    SPY is up 72% in the past 5 years while QQQ is up 125% in the same time frame. 

    Every individual investor has different goals and risk appetite.  So it is best to select a portfolio that is suitable for the individual rather than rely on what the analysts say. 

    As for me my preference is geared towards ETFs like $SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF(SPLG)$  $STI ETF(ES3.SI)$  and $iShares Core S&P/ASX 200(IOZ.AU)$ .  That way I have greater diversification at lower cost than if I have to choose individual stocks.    These ETFs form part of my core portfolio which gives me more time to enjoy life while receiving dividends, a great source of passive income. 

    Investing does not have to be complicated with the power of ETFs. 

    @TigerStars  

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  • icycrystal
    ·04-29
    core of the so-called "all-weather" is that there is no need to choose a time. No matter what season it is in spring, summer, autumn and winter, this strategy can achieve good results in any "investment weather", and this strategy takes into account the economic cycle and asset portfolio performance.
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  • icycrystal
    ·04-29
    He found that although economic cycles fluctuate, similar cycles will continue to repeat themselves.
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  • icycrystal
    ·04-29
    worth mentioning that,Dalio was also one of the few successful predictors of the 2008 U.S. financial crisis. In 2007, Dalio predicted that the real estate boom in the United States was coming to an end.
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  • icycrystal
    ·04-29
    TOP
    @Aqa @Universe宇宙 @LMSunshine @koolgal
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    • icycrystalReplying tokoolgal
      [Like] [Like] [Like]
      04-29
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    • koolgal
      Thanks for sharing 😍😍😍
      04-29
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  • koolgal
    ·04-29
    TOP
    🌟🌟🌟I believe that investing in 55% worth of bonds is not a good idea.  I prefer to allocate at the most 10% in bonds.  Bond prices do not go up as much as stock prices.  Bonds like US Treasury Bills are great for receiving  regular income.  However it is stocks that will have the most capital growth while at the same time, provide dividends.
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  • icycrystal
    ·04-29
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    @Shyon @HelenJanet @GoodLife99 @rL
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    • Shyon
      Thanks for tag
      04-29
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  • icycrystal
    ·04-29
    TOP
    Investors have pulled out of funds, with the size of such funds dropping to about $90 billion at the end of last year from a peak of $160 billion in 2021, according to Verus Investment's estimates based on investment data.
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  • koolgal
    ·04-29
    @CL_Wong @MeowKitty @Derrick_1234 @Thonyaunn Please join me in this exciting event to win more Tiger Coins 😍😍😍
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    ·04-29
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      Thanks my dear
      04-29
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  • Barcode
    ·04-29
    TOP
    The Ray Dalio All Weather Strategy, crafted by legendary investor Ray Dalio, is like the Swiss Army knife of investment strategies. It's designed to weather any economic climate, hence the name "All Weather." This strategy prioritizes diversification across asset classes to minimize risk and maximize returns, making it particularly appealing for those nearing retirement who crave stability in their portfolios. It's like having a sturdy umbrella that shields your investments from market storms while still allowing for growth over time.
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  • Barcode
    ·04-29
    So, the Ray Dalio All Weather Strategy is like the go-to for folks close to retirement who want a smooth ride without too many ups and downs in their investments.
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  • Barcode
    ·04-29
    Long-term US stock investments, like Apple, have historically offered higher returns despite short-term fluctuations.
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